Sioux County Courthouse (Iowa): Difference between revisions

	Sioux County Courthouse
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Interactive map showing the location for Sioux County Courthouse
Location	Off Iowa Highway 10, Orange City, Iowa
Coordinates	43°0′16″N 96°3′30″W / 43.00444°N 96.05833°W
Built	1902–1904
Architect	Beach, Wilfred W.
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival, Richardsonian Romanesque
MPS	County Courthouses in Iowa TR (AD)
NRHP reference No.	77000559
Added to NRHP	April 11, 1977

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 12:26, 3 September 2024

The Sioux County Courthouse is a Richardsonian Romanesque courthouse in Orange City, Iowa, the county seat of Sioux County, Iowa. Designed by Wilfred Warren (W.W.) Beach, it was built from 1902 to 1904.

History

Sioux County was organized on January 20, 1860, on land occupied by the indigenous Sioux until they were forced to abandon it under the terms of the fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1830.^[2]^[3] The original courthouse was a log structure on the Big Sioux River in the hamlet of Calliope, Iowa (now part of Hawarden). That building was part office, part residence, and part fort, but in 1869–1870 the White residents of Calliope fled to Sioux City, Iowa, 40 miles to the south, temporarily abandoning the log courthouse during renewed armed Native American resistance to the newcomers. The courthouse was sold off soon after the Whites returned, when after a referendum in 1872 the county seat was moved to Orange City. Sioux County had no central county offices until the present courthouse was finished over 30 years later. With the approval of a bond issue, Sioux County selected W.W. Beach (1872–1937) as its architect. Beach had been born in 1872, the same year that the county seat was moved to Orange City. His birthplace was Alton, in Sioux County, just three miles east of the new county seat. Beach had established his architectural practice in Sioux City only in 1899, with his first major commission being the Main Hall (later Lewis Hall) for Morningside College in that city. By the time the Sioux County Courthouse was completed, Beach had hired promising young William L. Steele (1875–1949) as his draftsman, and the two would later form a brief partnership.^[3]^[4]

Construction on the courthouse began in June 1902, but the construction company went bankrupt, delaying completion until October 1904. Just five years later, lightning destroyed the top of the tower in 1907, and it was replaced with a hip roof and a 10-foot-tall cast bronze statue personifying Justice (Vrouwe Justitia).^[3]

The clock mechanism was built by E. Howard & Co. and was originally weight-driven, requiring staff to "wind" the clock frequently. As electricity became prevalent, the clock was converted to use an electric motor, making it easier to maintain and more accurate. Most of the original clock was preserved during this upgrade.

The building was extensively renovated in 1976–1982, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.^[1]^[3]

Architecture

Beach's design is classic, muscular Richardsonian Romanesque, an architectural style developed by Henry Hobson Richardson. Although of high quality, its timing is unusual, since that style was associated with the late 1880s rather than the early 20th century. More typically in Iowa or nearby South Dakota at this time, public buildings were done in a classical revival style, influenced by the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. However, two nearby South Dakota counties had built Richardsonian Romanesque courthouses just prior to this time: Union County (Elk Point, 1898) and Lincoln County (Canton, 1899).^[5]^[6]^[7]

A deep rusticated arch forms the principal entrance at the base of the courthouse central tower, which is six stories tall. Doors and windows appear to be cut deeply into the dark red sandstone, and the effect is heightened by the light buff sandstone trim.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ Schwieder, Dorothy (1996). Iowa: The Middle Land. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. pp. 7–20. ISBN 978-0-8138-2306-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "History of Sioux County". Orange City, Iowa: Sioux County, Iowa. Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
^ Shank, Wesley I. (1999). Iowa's Historic Architects. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-87745-651-3.
^ ^a ^b Gebhard, David; Mansheim, Gerald (1993). Buildings of Iowa. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-19-506148-2.
^ Shank, Wesley I. (1979). The Iowa Catalog: Historic American Buildings Survey. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-87745-092-4.
^ Erpestad, David; Wood, David (1997). Building South Dakota: A Historical Survey of the State's Architecture to 1945. Pierre, South Dakota: South Dakota State Historical Society Press. pp. 168–170. ISBN 978-0-9622621-3-5.

[nris-1] "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.

[Schwieder_pp7-20-2] Schwieder, Dorothy (1996). Iowa: The Middle Land. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. pp. 7–20. ISBN 978-0-8138-2306-5.

[Sioux_County_History-3] "History of Sioux County". Orange City, Iowa: Sioux County, Iowa. Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011.

[Shank_1999_pp18-19-4] Shank, Wesley I. (1999). Iowa's Historic Architects. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. pp. 18–19. ISBN 978-0-87745-651-3.

[Gebhard_and_Mansheim_p490-5] Gebhard, David; Mansheim, Gerald (1993). Buildings of Iowa. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-19-506148-2.

[Shank_1979_pp66-67-6] Shank, Wesley I. (1979). The Iowa Catalog: Historic American Buildings Survey. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-87745-092-4.

[Erpestad_and_Wood_1997_pp168-170-7] Erpestad, David; Wood, David (1997). Building South Dakota: A Historical Survey of the State's Architecture to 1945. Pierre, South Dakota: South Dakota State Historical Society Press. pp. 168–170. ISBN 978-0-9622621-3-5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Infobox NRHP | name =Sioux County Courthouse
+{{Infobox NRHP
+| name         = Sioux County Courthouse
-  | nrhp_type =
+| nrhp_type    =
-  | image = Sioux county ia courthouse 2.jpg
+| image        = Sioux county ia courthouse 2.jpg
-  | caption =
+| caption      =
-  | location= Off [[Iowa Highway 10]], [[Orange City, Iowa]]
+| location     = Off [[Iowa Highway 10]], [[Orange City, Iowa]]
+| coordinates  = {{coord|43|0|16|N|96|3|30|W|display=inline,title}}
-  | lat_degrees = 43
+| locmapin     = Iowa#USA
-  | lat_minutes = 0
+| mapframe             = yes
-  | lat_seconds = 16
+| mapframe-marker      = building
-  | lat_direction = N
+| mapframe-zoom        = 12
-  | long_degrees = 96
+|mapframe-caption      = Interactive map showing the location for Sioux County Courthouse
-  | long_minutes = 3
+| area         =
-  | long_seconds = 30
+| built        = 1902–1904
-  | long_direction = W
+| architect    = Beach, Wilfred W.
-  | locmapin = Iowa#USA
+| architecture = [[Romanesque Revival]], [[Richardsonian Romanesque]]
-  | area =
+| added        = April 11, 1977
-  | built =1902-1904
+| mpsub        = County Courthouses in Iowa TR (AD)
-  | architect= Beach, Wilfred W.
+| refnum       = 77000559<ref name="nris" />
-  | architecture= [[Romanesque Revival]], [[Richardsonian Romanesque]]
-  | added = April 11, 1977
-  | governing_body = Local
-  | mpsub=County Courthouses in Iowa TR (AD)
-  | refnum=77000559<ref name="nris"/>
 }}
@@ Line 26: / Line 23: @@
 ==History==
-Sioux County was organized on January 20, 1860, on land occupied by the indigenous [[Sioux]] until they were forced to abandon it under the terms of the fourth [[Treaty of Prairie du Chien]] in 1830.<ref name="Schwieder pp7-20"/><ref name="Sioux County History"/> The original courthouse was a log structure on the [[Big Sioux River]] in the hamlet of Calliope, Iowa (now part of [[Hawarden, Iowa|Hawarden]]). That building was part office, part residence, and part fort, but in 1869-1870 the [[White people|White]] residents of Calliope fled to [[Sioux City, Iowa]], 40 miles to the south, temporarily abandoning the log courthouse during renewed armed [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] resistance to the newcomers. The courthouse was sold off soon after the Whites returned, when after a referendum in 1872 the county seat was moved to Orange City. Sioux County had no central county offices until the present courthouse was finished over 30 years later.
+Sioux County was organized on January 20, 1860, on land occupied by the indigenous [[Sioux]] until they were forced to abandon it under the terms of the [[fourth Treaty of Prairie du Chien]] in 1830.<ref name="Schwieder pp7-20"/><ref name="Sioux County History"/> The original courthouse was a log structure on the [[Big Sioux River]] in the hamlet of Calliope, Iowa (now part of [[Hawarden, Iowa|Hawarden]]). That building was part office, part residence, and part fort, but in 1869–1870 the [[White people|White]] residents of Calliope fled to [[Sioux City, Iowa]], 40 miles to the south, temporarily abandoning the log courthouse during renewed armed [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] resistance to the newcomers. The courthouse was sold off soon after the Whites returned, when after a referendum in 1872 the county seat was moved to Orange City. Sioux County had no central county offices until the present courthouse was finished over 30 years later.
-With the approval of a bond issue, Sioux County selected W.W. Beach (1872-1937) as its architect. Beach had been born in 1872, the same year that the county seat was moved to Orange City. His birthplace was [[Alton, Iowa|Alton]], in Sioux County, just three miles east of the new county seat. Beach had established his architectural practice in Sioux City only in 1899, with his first major commission being the Main Hall (later Lewis Hall) for [[Morningside College]] in that city. By the time the Sioux County Courthouse was completed, Beach had hired promising young [[William L. Steele]] (1875-1949) as his draftsman, and the two would later form a brief partnership.<ref name="Sioux County History"/><ref name="Shank 1999 pp18-19"/>
+With the approval of a bond issue, Sioux County selected W.W. Beach (1872–1937) as its architect. Beach had been born in 1872, the same year that the county seat was moved to Orange City. His birthplace was [[Alton, Iowa|Alton]], in Sioux County, just three miles east of the new county seat. Beach had established his architectural practice in Sioux City only in 1899, with his first major commission being the Main Hall (later Lewis Hall) for [[Morningside University|Morningside College]] in that city. By the time the Sioux County Courthouse was completed, Beach had hired promising young [[William L. Steele]] (1875–1949) as his draftsman, and the two would later form a brief partnership.<ref name="Sioux County History"/><ref name="Shank 1999 pp18-19"/>
-Construction on the courthouse began in June 1902, but the construction company went bankrupt, delaying completion until October 1904. Just five years later, lightning destroyed the top of the tower in 1907, and it was replaced with a hip roof and a 10-foot tall cast bronze statue personifying Justice (Vrouwe Justitia).<ref name="Sioux County History"/>
+Construction on the courthouse began in June 1902, but the construction company went bankrupt, delaying completion until October 1904. Just five years later, lightning destroyed the top of the tower in 1907, and it was replaced with a hip roof and a 10-foot-tall cast bronze statue personifying Justice (Vrouwe Justitia).<ref name="Sioux County History"/>
-The clock mechanism was built by [[E. Howard & Co.]] and was originally weight driven requiring staff to "wind" the clock frequently. As electricity became prevalent the clock was converted to use an electric motor making it easier to maintain and more accurate. Most of the original clock was preserved during this upgrade.
+The clock mechanism was built by [[E. Howard & Co.]] and was originally weight-driven, requiring staff to "wind" the clock frequently. As electricity became prevalent, the clock was converted to use an electric motor, making it easier to maintain and more accurate. Most of the original clock was preserved during this upgrade.
-The building was extensively renovated in 1976-1982, and was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1977.<ref name="nris"/><ref name="Sioux County History"/>
+The building was extensively renovated in 1976–1982, and was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1977.<ref name="nris"/><ref name="Sioux County History"/>
 ==Architecture==
-Beach's design is classic, muscular Richardsonian Romanesque, an architectural style developed by [[Henry Hobson Richardson]]. Although of high quality, its timing is unusual, since that style was associated with the late 1880s rather than the early 20th Century. More typically in Iowa or nearby South Dakota at this time, public buildings were done in a [[Neoclassical architecture|classical revival]] style, influenced by the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], held in [[Chicago]] in 1893. However, two nearby South Dakota counties had built Richardsonian Romanesque courthouses just prior to this time: [[Union County, South Dakota|Union County]] ([[Elk Point, South Dakota|Elk Point]], 1898) and [[Lincoln County, South Dakota|Lincoln County]] ([[Canton, South Dakota|Canton]], 1899).<ref name="Gebhard and Mansheim p490"/><ref name="Shank 1979 pp66-67"/><ref name="Erpestad and Wood 1997 pp168-170"/>
+Beach's design is classic, muscular Richardsonian Romanesque, an architectural style developed by [[Henry Hobson Richardson]]. Although of high quality, its timing is unusual, since that style was associated with the late 1880s rather than the early 20th century. More typically in Iowa or nearby South Dakota at this time, public buildings were done in a [[Neoclassical architecture|classical revival]] style, influenced by the [[World's Columbian Exposition]], held in [[Chicago]] in 1893. However, two nearby South Dakota counties had built Richardsonian Romanesque courthouses just prior to this time: [[Union County, South Dakota|Union County]] ([[Elk Point, South Dakota|Elk Point]], 1898) and [[Lincoln County, South Dakota|Lincoln County]] ([[Canton, South Dakota|Canton]], 1899).<ref name="Gebhard and Mansheim p490"/><ref name="Shank 1979 pp66-67"/><ref name="Erpestad and Wood 1997 pp168-170"/>
 A deep rusticated arch forms the principal entrance at the base of the courthouse central tower, which is six stories tall. Doors and windows appear to be cut deeply into the dark red sandstone, and the effect is heightened by the light buff sandstone trim.<ref name="Gebhard and Mansheim p490"/>
@@ Line 44: / Line 41: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist|refs=
+{{Reflist|refs=
 <ref name="Erpestad and Wood 1997 pp168-170">
-{{cite book |last1=Erpestad |first1=David |authorlink1= |last2=Wood |first2=David |authorlink2= |title=Building South Dakota: A Historical Survey of the State's Architecture to 1945 |year=1997 |publisher=South Dakota State Historical Society Press |location=Pierre, South Dakota |isbn=978-0-9622621-3-5 |pages=168–170 }}
+{{cite book |last1=Erpestad |first1=David |last2=Wood |first2=David |title=Building South Dakota: A Historical Survey of the State's Architecture to 1945 |year=1997 |publisher=South Dakota State Historical Society Press |location=Pierre, South Dakota |isbn=978-0-9622621-3-5 |pages=168–170 }}
 </ref>
 <ref name="Gebhard and Mansheim p490">
-{{cite book |last1=Gebhard |first1=David |authorlink1= |last2=Mansheim |first2=Gerald |title=Buildings of Iowa |year=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press  |location=New York |language= |isbn= 978-0-19-506148-2 |page=490 }}
+{{cite book |last1=Gebhard |first1=David |last2=Mansheim |first2=Gerald |title=Buildings of Iowa |year=1993 |publisher=Oxford University Press  |location=New York |isbn= 978-0-19-506148-2 |page=490 }}
 </ref>
@@ Line 56: / Line 53: @@
 </ref>
 <ref name="Schwieder pp7-20">
-{{cite book |last1=Schwieder |first1=Dorothy |authorlink1= |title=Iowa: The Middle Land |year=1996 |publisher=Iowa State University Press  |location=Ames, Iowa |language= |isbn=978-0-8138-2306-5  |pages=7–20 }}
+{{cite book |last1=Schwieder |first1=Dorothy |title=Iowa: The Middle Land |year=1996 |publisher=Iowa State University Press |location=Ames, Iowa |isbn=978-0-8138-2306-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/iowamiddleland00schw/page/7 7–20] |url=https://archive.org/details/iowamiddleland00schw/page/7 }}
 </ref>
 <ref name="Shank 1979 pp66-67">
-{{cite book |last1=Shank |first1=Wesley I. |authorlink1= |title=The Iowa Catalog: Historic American Buildings Survey |year=1979 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |location=Iowa City, Iowa |isbn=978-0-87745-092-4 |pages=66–67 }}
+{{cite book |last1=Shank |first1=Wesley I. |title=The Iowa Catalog: Historic American Buildings Survey |year=1979 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |location=Iowa City, Iowa |isbn=978-0-87745-092-4 |pages=66–67 }}
 </ref>
 <ref name="Shank 1999 pp18-19">
-{{cite book |last1=Shank |first1=Wesley I. |authorlink1= |title=Iowa's Historic Architects |year=1999 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |location=Iowa City, Iowa |isbn=978-0-87745-651-3 |pages=18–19 }}
+{{cite book |last1=Shank |first1=Wesley I. |title=Iowa's Historic Architects |year=1999 |publisher=University of Iowa Press |location=Iowa City, Iowa |isbn=978-0-87745-651-3 |pages=18–19 }}
 </ref>
 <ref name="Sioux County History">
-{{cite web |url=http://www.siouxcounty.org/history/history.php |title=History of Sioux County |publisher=Sioux County, Iowa |location=Orange City, Iowa |accessdate=June 23, 2011 }}
+{{cite web |url=http://www.siouxcounty.org/history/history.php |title=History of Sioux County |publisher=Sioux County, Iowa |location=Orange City, Iowa |access-date=June 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110626093301/http://www.siouxcounty.org/history/history.php |archive-date=June 26, 2011 }}
 </ref>
 }}
@@ Line 80: / Line 77: @@
 [[Category:Orange City, Iowa]]
 [[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Sioux County, Iowa]]
+[[Category:1904 establishments in Iowa]]

v t e County courthouses in Iowa
Adair Adams Allamakee Appanoose Audubon Benton Black Hawk Boone Bremer Buchanan Buena Vista Butler Calhoun Carroll Cass Cedar Cerro Gordo Cherokee Chickasaw Clarke Clay Clayton Clinton Crawford Dallas Davis Decatur Delaware Des Moines Dickinson Dubuque Emmet Fayette Floyd Franklin Fremont Greene Grundy Guthrie Hamilton Hancock Hardin Harrison Henry Howard Humboldt Ida Iowa Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Jones Keokuk Kossuth Lee (North), (South) Linn Louisa Lucas Lyon Madison Mahaska Marion Marshall Mills Mitchell Monona Monroe Montgomery Muscatine O'Brien Osceola Page Palo Alto Plymouth Pocahontas Polk Pottawattamie Poweshiek Ringgold Sac Scott Shelby Sioux Story Tama Taylor Union Van Buren Wapello Warren Washington Wayne Webster Winnebago Winneshiek Woodbury Worth Wright		Iowa portal
List of counties in Iowa ♦ List of county courthouses in Iowa

v t e National Register of Historic Places in Sioux County, Iowa
Hawarden	Charles M. and Emma M. Fischer Fleshman House Hawarden City Hall, Fire Station and Auditorium
Orange City	Sioux County Courthouse Zwemer Hall, Northwestern College
See also: National Register of Historic Places listings in Sioux County, Iowa and List of National Historic Landmarks in Iowa

Latest revision as of 12:26, 3 September 2024

History

Architecture

See also

References