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{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal
| type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = [[His Eminent Beatitude]]
| honorific-prefix = His Most Eminent Beatitude
| name = Lucian Mureșan
| name = Lucian Mureșan
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[List of bishops of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Major Archbishop of Făgăraș-Alba Iulia]]
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[List of bishops of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Major Archbishop of Făgăraș-Alba Iulia]]
| image =
| image = Arhiepiscop Lucian.jpg
| caption =
| caption = Mureșan in 2004
| church = [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic]]
| church = [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic]]
| province =
| province =
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| enthroned = 30 April 2006
| enthroned = 30 April 2006
| ended =
| ended =
| predecessor =[[Alexandru Todea]]
| predecessor = [[Alexandru Todea]]
| successor =
| successor =
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of [[Sant'Atanasio]]<br/>[[Romanian Episcopal Conference|Chairman of the Romanian Episcopal Conference]]
| other_post = Cardinal-Priest of [[Sant'Atanasio]]<br/>[[Romanian Episcopal Conference|Chairman of the Romanian Episcopal Conference]]
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| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
<!---------- Personal details ---------->| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1931|05|23}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1931|05|23}}
| birth_place = [[Baia Mare|Firiza]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
| birth_place = [[Baia Mare|Firiza]], [[Kingdom of Romania]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| buried =
| buried =
| nationality = [[Romania]]n
| nationality = [[Romania]]n
| religion = [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Greek-Catholic]]
| religion = [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Greek-Catholic]]
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Maramureș (1990–1994)|Archbishop of Făgăraș și Alba Iulia (1994–2005)}}
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Bishop of Maramureș (1990–1994)|Archbishop of Făgăraș și Alba Iulia (1994–2005)}}
| residence =
| residence =
| parents =
| parents =
| signature =
| signature =
| coat_of_arms =
| coat_of_arms =
}}
}}
{{Infobox cardinal styles
{{Infobox cardinal styles
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}}
}}


'''Lucian Mureșan''' (born 23 May 1931) is a Romanian prelate of the Roman Greek Catholic Church who has been the first [[Major Archbishop]] of the [[Romanian Greek Catholic Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia]] since 2005. He was archbishop there from 1994 to 2005 and bishop of Maramureș from 1990 to 1994. He has been a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]] since 2012. As Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia he is based in [[Blaj]] and is the head of the [[Romanian Greek Catholic Church]].
'''Lucian Mureșan''' (born 23 May 1931) is a Romanian prelate of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church who has been the first [[Major Archbishop]] of the [[Romanian Greek Catholic Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia]] since 2005. He was archbishop there from 1994 to 2005 and bishop of Maramureș from 1990 to 1994. He has been a [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal]] of the [[Catholic Church]] since 2012. As Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia he is based in [[Blaj]] and is the head of the [[Romanian Greek Catholic Church]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
===Early life===
===Early life===
Lucian Mureșa was born on 23 May 1931 in the village of Firiza (now the Ferneziu district of [[Baia Mare]]), in the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. He was the tenth of Peter and Maria (Breban) Mureșan's twelve children. He attended primary school in Firiza from 1938 to 1944 and secondary school in Baia Mare at the [[Gheorghe Șincai National College (Baia Mare)|Gheorghe Șincai High School]] from 1944 to 1948.<ref name=archbio>{{cite web | access-date = 19 June 2023 | language = ro | website = [[Romanian Greek Catholic Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Arhieparhia Greco-Catolică de Alba Iulia și Făgăraș]] | url = https://www.aegc.ro/ierarhie | title = Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan | trans-title= His Beatitude Lucian Mureșan }}</ref><ref name=brubio>{{cite web | website = Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = http://www.bru.ro/blaj/pf-lucian-muresan/ | title = PF Lucian Mureşan | language = ro}}</ref>
Lucian Mureșan was born on 23 May 1931 in the village of Firiza (now the Ferneziu district of [[Baia Mare]]), in the [[Kingdom of Romania]]. He was the tenth of Peter and Maria (Breban) Mureșan's twelve children. He attended primary school in Firiza from 1938 to 1944 and secondary school in Baia Mare at the [[Gheorghe Șincai National College (Baia Mare)|Gheorghe Șincai High School]] from 1944 to 1948.<ref name=archbio>{{cite web | access-date = 19 June 2023 | language = ro | website = [[Romanian Greek Catholic Major Archeparchy of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia|Arhieparhia Greco-Catolică de Alba Iulia și Făgăraș]] | url = https://www.aegc.ro/ierarhie | title = Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan | trans-title= His Beatitude Lucian Mureșan }}</ref><ref name=brubio>{{cite web | website = Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = http://www.bru.ro/blaj/pf-lucian-muresan/ | title = PF Lucian Mureşan | language = ro}}</ref>


Education for the priesthood was prohibited when he came of age, as the [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic#Persecution under Communism|Romanian Greek Catholic Church]] was completely suppressed by Romania's Communist government. Between 1948 and 1951, Mureșan attended school for woodworking, focusing on fine furniture in Baia Mare while continuing his academic studies part-time. From 1951 to 1954, he performed his mandatory military service first at the aviation school in [[Turnișor]], [[Sibiu County]] and then at the jet aviation battalion in [[Craiova]]. In 1953, because of his connection with the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, he was transferred from the air force to work on the construction of Romania's first large hydroelectric plant at the [[Bicaz-Stejaru Hydroelectric Power Station|Bicaz Dam]].<ref name=archbio/>
Education for the priesthood was prohibited when he came of age, as the [[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic#Persecution under Communism|Romanian Greek Catholic Church]] was completely suppressed by Romania's Communist government. Between 1948 and 1951, Mureșan attended school for woodworking, focusing on fine furniture in Baia Mare while continuing his academic studies part-time. From 1951 to 1954, he performed his mandatory military service first at the aviation school in [[Turnișor]], [[Sibiu County]] and then at the jet aviation battalion in [[Craiova]]. In 1953, because of his connection with the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, he was transferred from the air force to work on the construction of Romania's first large hydroelectric plant at the [[Bicaz-Stejaru Hydroelectric Power Station|Bicaz Dam]].<ref name=archbio/>


After completing his military service in 1954, he worked in different places while studying for the priesthood, but a government crackdown ended that in his fourth year of studies. Since his religious affiliation made him unemployable in mining and construction, he worked at the quarry near his home town for almost a decade and then for the Department of Roads and Bridges in Maramureș until he retired in June 1990. He had continued to study in secret with former theology professors and completed a licensing exam, so that he was prepared for ordination when the government released Romania's bishops from prison in 1964.<ref name=archbio/>
After completing his military service in 1954, he worked in different places while studying for the priesthood, one of a handful of students at the Roman Catholic Theological Institute in Alba-Iulia under Bishop [[Márton Áron]], who had been released from prison but remained under house arrest, but a government crackdown ended that in his fourth year of studies. Since his religious affiliation made him unemployable in mining and construction, he worked at the quarry near his home town for almost a decade and then for the Department of Roads and Bridges in Maramureș until he retired in June 1990. He had continued to study in secret with former theology professors and completed a licensing exam, so that he was prepared for ordination when the government released Romania's bishops from prison in 1964.<ref name=archbio/>


===Priest===
===Priest===
Mureșa was ordained a priest on 19 December 1964 by [[Ioan Dragomir]], auxiliary bishop of Maramureș,<ref name=archbio/> in the basement of a building in [[Cluj]].<ref name=curious>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = https://www.egco.ro/2022/02/21/10-curiozitati-despre-preafericitul-lucian-muresan-care-implineste-10-ani-de-cand-a-devenit-cardinal/ | date = 21 February 2022 | title = 10 ciriozitati despre Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan, care implenesti 10 ani de când a devenit cardinal | trans-title = 10 curiosities about Beatitude Lucian Mureșan, who is celebrating 10 years since he became a cardinal | publisher = Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma }}</ref> He exercised his pastoral ministry in hiding, mainly dedicated to young people and those who wanted to become priests, while continuing his secular employment. He later worked as a priest more openly in the diocese of Maramureș.<ref name=archbio /><ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_muresan_l.html|title=Mureșan Card. Lucian|website=press.vatican.va|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]]|access-date=September 21, 2022}}</ref>
Mureșan was ordained a priest on 19 December 1964 by [[Ioan Dragomir]], auxiliary bishop of Maramureș,<ref name=archbio/> in the basement of a building in [[Cluj]].<ref name=curious>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = https://www.egco.ro/2022/02/21/10-curiozitati-despre-preafericitul-lucian-muresan-care-implineste-10-ani-de-cand-a-devenit-cardinal/ | date = 21 February 2022 | title = 10 ciriozitati despre Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan, care implenesti 10 ani de când a devenit cardinal | trans-title = 10 curiosities about Beatitude Lucian Mureșan, who is celebrating 10 years since he became a cardinal | publisher = Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma }}</ref> As instructed by Dragomir, he even kept his ordination secret from his parents.<ref name=age92bio>{{cite web | access-date = 21 June 2023 | date = 23 May 2023 | title=Cardinalul. Profil de Curaj și Credință | url = https://www.egco.ro/2023/05/23/cardinalul-profil-de-curaj-si-credinta/ | language = ro | trans-title= The Cardinal: Profile of Courage and Faith | website = Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică }}</ref>
He exercised his pastoral ministry in hiding, mainly dedicated to young people and those who wanted to become priests, while continuing his secular employment. He later worked as a priest more openly in the diocese of Maramureș.<ref name=archbio /><ref name=bio>{{cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_muresan_l.html|title=Mureșan Card. Lucian|website=press.vatican.va|publisher=[[Holy See Press Office]]|access-date=September 21, 2022}}</ref>


After Bishop Dragomir's death on 25 April 1985, he was provisional ordinary of the diocese of Maramureș until 9 August 1986 when, having been proposed by the diocesan chapter, he was installed in that office by Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia [[Alexandru Todea]].<ref name=archbio/>
After Dragomir's death on 25 April 1985, he was provisional ordinary of the diocese of Maramureș until 9 August 1986 when, having been proposed by the diocesan chapter, he was installed in that office by Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia [[Alexandru Todea]].<ref name=archbio/>


===Bishop===
===Bishop===
Following the [[Romanian Revolution]] of December 1989, the Romanian Catholic Church gained legal status and began to function publicly. On 14 March 1990, Mureșa was elected [[eparch]] of Maramureș of the Romanians. Pope John Paul gave his assent the next day.<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | access-date = 19 June 2023 | year = 1993 | volume = LXXXV | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-85-1993-ocr.pdf | page = 442}}</ref> He received his episcopal consecration on 27 May on the terrace of the Romanian Soldier's Monument in Baia Mare,{{efn|Government authorities had not yet returned the Greek-Catholic cathedral in Baia Mare over to the Church.<ref name=curious/>}} from Archbishop Todea, assisted by [[Ioan Ploscaru]], Bishop of [[Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Lugoj|Lugoj]], and [[Guido del Mestri]], a veteran member of the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] who had been expelled from Romania in 1950,<ref>{{cite news|title= Guido del Mestri, Cardinal, 82 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/09/obituaries/guido-del-mestri-cardinal-82.html |access-date=19 June 2023|work=New York Times|date=9 August 1993 | quote= Guido Cardinal del Mestri}}</ref> in the presence of 100 priests and more than 20,000 faithful. It was the first meeting of the entire Greek Catholic hierarchy at a large public event and included the presence of a papal representative. At the ceremony, the [[President of Romania|President of the Republic]] read the legal degree recognizing his title.<ref name=archbio/> Mureșan opened the new Baia Mare Theological Institute in the academic year 1990-1991.<ref name=brubio/>
Following the [[Romanian Revolution]] of December 1989, the Romanian Catholic Church gained legal status and began to function publicly. On 14 March 1990, Mureșa was elected [[eparch]] of Maramureș of the Romanians. Pope John Paul gave his assent the next day.<ref>{{cite book | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis | access-date = 19 June 2023 | year = 1993 | volume = LXXXV | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-85-1993-ocr.pdf | page = 442}}</ref> He received his episcopal consecration on 27 May on the terrace of the Romanian Soldier's Monument in Baia Mare,{{efn|Government authorities had not yet returned the Greek-Catholic cathedral in Baia Mare over to the Church.<ref name=curious/>}} from Archbishop Todea, assisted by [[Ioan Ploscaru]], Bishop of [[Romanian Catholic Eparchy of Lugoj|Lugoj]], and [[Guido del Mestri]], a veteran member of the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] who had been expelled from Romania in 1950,<ref>{{cite news|title= Guido del Mestri, Cardinal, 82 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/09/obituaries/guido-del-mestri-cardinal-82.html |access-date=19 June 2023|work=New York Times|date=9 August 1993 | quote= Guido Cardinal del Mestri}}</ref> in the presence of 100 priests and more than 20,000 faithful. It was the first meeting of the entire Greek Catholic hierarchy at a large public event and included the presence of a papal representative. At the ceremony, the [[President of Romania|President of the Republic]] read the legal decree recognizing his title.<ref name=archbio/> Mureșan opened the new Baia Mare Theological Institute in the academic year 1990-1991. It included a 3-year program for training religion teachers.<ref name=brubio/>


He was named Metropolitan Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia of the Romanians on 4 July 1994 and on 27 August he was installed in Blaj.<ref name=archbio/><ref name=brubio/>
He was named Metropolitan Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia of the Romanians on 4 July 1994 and on 27 August he was installed in Blaj.<ref name=archbio/><ref name=brubio/>
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Between 1998 and 2001 and again in 2004, Mureșan was elected president of the Romanian Catholic Bishops' Conference, which includes the hierarchy of the Catholic Church of both rites, Latin (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek-Catholic).
Between 1998 and 2001 and again in 2004, Mureșan was elected president of the Romanian Catholic Bishops' Conference, which includes the hierarchy of the Catholic Church of both rites, Latin (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek-Catholic).


Between 7 and 9 May 1999, he received [[Pope John Paul II]] during his visit to Romania,<ref name=archbio/><ref name=brubio/> which was limited to [[Bucharest]] at the request of the Orthodox Church.<ref name=beatifies>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = https://www.ncronline.org/news/francis-beatifies-seven-romanian-bishops-praises-fortitude-under-communism | work = National Catholic Reporter | date = 2 June 2019 | title = Francis beatifies seven Romanian bishops, praises fortitude under communism | first = Joshua J. | last = McElwee}}</ref> During the Jubilee of the Year 2000, he organized a national pilgrimage to Rome, culminating on 9 May with a concelebrated mass in Romanian with Pope John Paul II in [[St. Peter's Basilica]] with the thousands of Romanian pilgrims in attendance.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20000509_romania.html | date = 9 May 2000 | access-date = 19 June 2023 | title = Jubilee Pilgrimage of Romanians | website = Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana }}</ref>
Between 7 and 9 May 1999, he received [[Pope John Paul II]] during his visit to Romania,<ref name=archbio/><ref name=brubio/> which was limited to [[Bucharest]] at the request of the Orthodox Church.<ref name=beatifies>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023 | url = https://www.ncronline.org/news/francis-beatifies-seven-romanian-bishops-praises-fortitude-under-communism | work = National Catholic Reporter | date = 2 June 2019 | title = Francis beatifies seven Romanian bishops, praises fortitude under communism | first = Joshua J. | last = McElwee}}</ref>{{efn|This was the first papal visit to a predominantly Orthodox country.<ref name=age92bio/>}} During the Jubilee of the Year 2000, he organized a national pilgrimage to Rome, culminating on 9 May with a concelebrated mass in Romanian with Pope John Paul II in [[St. Peter's Basilica]] with the thousands of Romanian pilgrims in attendance.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/homilies/2000/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20000509_romania.html | date = 9 May 2000 | access-date = 19 June 2023 | title = Jubilee Pilgrimage of Romanians | website = Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana }}</ref>


On 26 May 2003, Mureșa was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 20 June 2023 |title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | page = 493 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/2003/luglio%202003.pdf | date = 7 July 2003 | volume = XCV }}</ref>{{efn|The same appointment was announced by the [[Holy See Press Office]] on 28 June 2003.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 18 June 2023| url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2003/06/28/0335/01047.html | language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 28.06.2003 | date = 28 June 2003 }}</ref>}}
On 26 May 2003, Mureșa was appointed a member of the [[Congregation for the Oriental Churches]].<ref>{{cite book | access-date = 20 June 2023 |title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis | page = 493 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/2003/luglio%202003.pdf | date = 7 July 2003 | volume = XCV }}</ref>{{efn|The same appointment was announced by the [[Holy See Press Office]] on 28 June 2003.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 18 June 2023| url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2003/06/28/0335/01047.html | language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 28.06.2003 | date = 28 June 2003 }}</ref>}}


At the October 2005 Synod of Bishops, he described the meaning of the Eucharist under Romania's Communist government:<ref>{{cite news | newspaper = La Repubblica | first = Sandro | last = Magister | access-date = 20 June 2023 | date = 12 October 2005 | title = The Synod: The Eucharist Determines the State of the Church’s Health | url= https://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/40308%26eng%3Dy.html }}</ref>
At the October 2005 Synod of Bishops, he described the meaning of the Eucharist under Romania's Communist government:<ref>{{cite news | newspaper = La Repubblica | first = Sandro | last = Magister | access-date = 20 June 2023 | date = 12 October 2005 | title = The Synod: The Eucharist Determines the State of the Church's Health | url= https://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/40308%26eng%3Dy.html }}</ref>
{{Quote|In our country, Romania, the communists tried to give man material bread alone, and wanted to chase ‘the bread of God’ from society and from the heart of the human person. Now, we realize that, outlawing our Greek Catholic Church, they were very afraid of the God present in the Eucharist.... Instead how many Masses have there been, clandestinely celebrated in a spoon rather than the chalice and with wine made from grapes found in the street.... These modern martyrs of the 20th century offered all their suffering to the Lord for dignity and human freedom.}}
{{Quote|In our country, Romania, the communists tried to give man material bread alone, and wanted to chase ‘the bread of God’ from society and from the heart of the human person. Now, we realize that, outlawing our Greek Catholic Church, they were very afraid of the God present in the Eucharist.... Instead how many Masses have there been, clandestinely celebrated in a spoon rather than the chalice and with wine made from grapes found in the street.... These modern martyrs of the 20th century offered all their suffering to the Lord for dignity and human freedom.}}
His remarks drew a rare round of applause from the synod fathers.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023|work = National Catholic Reporter | title = Report #5: Environment, social justice emerge as eucharistic themes | first = John L. | last = Allen Jr. | url = http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/sb100605.htm | date = 6 October 2005 }}</ref>
His remarks drew a rare round of applause from the synod fathers.<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 20 June 2023|work = National Catholic Reporter | title = Report #5: Environment, social justice emerge as eucharistic themes | first = John L. | last = Allen Jr. | url = http://www.nationalcatholicreporter.org/word/sb100605.htm | date = 6 October 2005 }}</ref>
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===Cardinal===
===Cardinal===
On 18 February 2012, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] made him [[Cardinal Priest]] of [[Sant'Atanasio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2012/documents/ns_lit_doc_20120218_titoli_it.html |title=Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali |date=18 February 2012 |website=[[Holy See|The Holy See]] |publisher=[[Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff|Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice]] |language=it |trans-title=Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals |access-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721205521/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2012/documents/ns_lit_doc_20120218_titoli_it.html |archive-date=21 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> As he was already older than 80 at the time of his creation, he has no right to vote in a papal conclave. He was the third Romanian to become a cardinal after [[Iuliu Hossu]] and [[Alexandru Todea]].<ref name=academy>{{cite web | access-date = 21 June 2023 | url = https://www.egco.ro/2012/10/29/cardinalul-lucian-muresan-ales-membru-de-onoare-al-academiei-romane/ | language = ro | date = 29 October 2012 | title = Cardinalul Lucian Muresan, ales membru de onoare al Academiei Române| website =Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma}}</ref>
On 18 February 2012, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] made him [[Cardinal Priest]] of [[Sant'Atanasio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2012/documents/ns_lit_doc_20120218_titoli_it.html |title=Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali |date=18 February 2012 |website=[[Holy See|The Holy See]] |publisher=[[Office for the Liturgical Celebrations of the Supreme Pontiff|Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice]] |language=it |trans-title=Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals |access-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721205521/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2012/documents/ns_lit_doc_20120218_titoli_it.html |archive-date=21 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> As he was already older than 80 at the time of his creation, he has no right to vote in a papal conclave. He was generally counted as the third Romanian to become a cardinal after [[Iuliu Hossu]] and [[Alexandru Todea]],<ref name=academy>{{cite web | access-date = 21 June 2023 | url = https://www.egco.ro/2012/10/29/cardinalul-lucian-muresan-ales-membru-de-onoare-al-academiei-romane/ | language = ro | date = 29 October 2012 | title = Cardinalul Lucian Muresan, ales membru de onoare al Academiei Române| website =Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma}}</ref> though Hossu's elevation to the rank of cardinal was not announced while he lived.<ref name=nyt19730306>{{cite news | work = New York Times | accessdate = 21 June 2023 | date= 6 March 1973 | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/03/06/90919989.pdf | first = Paul | last=Hofmann | title= Pope, at Installation of Cardinals, Details Possible Reforms in Electing Successors}}</ref>{{efn|Hossu died in May 1970 and [[Pope Paul VI]] only announced in March 1973 that he had made Hossu a cardinal ''in pectore'', or secretly, in April 1969.<ref name=aas1973>{{cite book|pages=164–7, 203–4| url =http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-65-1973-ocr.pdf |date= 1973 | volume = LXV |access-date = 21 June 2023| title= Acta Apostolicae Sedis}}</ref>}}


He was named a member of the Congregation for Oriental Churches again on 21 April 2012.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 19 June 2023 |date = 21 April 2012 |url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/04/21/0225/00521.html| language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 21.04.2012 }}</ref>
He was named a member of the Congregation for Oriental Churches again on 21 April 2012.<ref>{{cite press release | publisher = Holy See Press Office | access-date = 19 June 2023 |date = 21 April 2012 |url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/04/21/0225/00521.html| language = it | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 21.04.2012 }}</ref>
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[[Category:Eastern Catholic bishops in Romania]]
[[Category:Eastern Catholic bishops in Romania]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania]]
[[Category:Gheorghe Șincai National College (Baia Mare) alumni]]

Latest revision as of 19:04, 15 August 2024

His Most Eminent Beatitude

Lucian Mureșan
Cardinal, Major Archbishop of Făgăraș-Alba Iulia
Mureșan in 2004
ChurchRomanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic
ArchdioceseArchdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia (Romanian)
Appointed16 December 2005
Installed30 April 2006
PredecessorAlexandru Todea
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Atanasio
Chairman of the Romanian Episcopal Conference
Previous post(s)
  • Bishop of Maramureș (1990–1994)
  • Archbishop of Făgăraș și Alba Iulia (1994–2005)
Orders
Ordination19 December 1964
by Ioan Dragomir
Consecration27 May 1990
by Alexandru Todea
Created cardinal18 February 2012
by Benedict XVI
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born (1931-05-23) 23 May 1931 (age 93)
Firiza, Kingdom of Romania
NationalityRomanian
DenominationRomanian Greek-Catholic
Styles of
Lucian Mureșan
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeGreek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia

Lucian Mureșan (born 23 May 1931) is a Romanian prelate of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church who has been the first Major Archbishop of the Greek Catholic Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia since 2005. He was archbishop there from 1994 to 2005 and bishop of Maramureș from 1990 to 1994. He has been a cardinal of the Catholic Church since 2012. As Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia he is based in Blaj and is the head of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church.

Biography

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Early life

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Lucian Mureșan was born on 23 May 1931 in the village of Firiza (now the Ferneziu district of Baia Mare), in the Kingdom of Romania. He was the tenth of Peter and Maria (Breban) Mureșan's twelve children. He attended primary school in Firiza from 1938 to 1944 and secondary school in Baia Mare at the Gheorghe Șincai High School from 1944 to 1948.[1][2]

Education for the priesthood was prohibited when he came of age, as the Romanian Greek Catholic Church was completely suppressed by Romania's Communist government. Between 1948 and 1951, Mureșan attended school for woodworking, focusing on fine furniture in Baia Mare while continuing his academic studies part-time. From 1951 to 1954, he performed his mandatory military service first at the aviation school in Turnișor, Sibiu County and then at the jet aviation battalion in Craiova. In 1953, because of his connection with the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, he was transferred from the air force to work on the construction of Romania's first large hydroelectric plant at the Bicaz Dam.[1]

After completing his military service in 1954, he worked in different places while studying for the priesthood, one of a handful of students at the Roman Catholic Theological Institute in Alba-Iulia under Bishop Márton Áron, who had been released from prison but remained under house arrest, but a government crackdown ended that in his fourth year of studies. Since his religious affiliation made him unemployable in mining and construction, he worked at the quarry near his home town for almost a decade and then for the Department of Roads and Bridges in Maramureș until he retired in June 1990. He had continued to study in secret with former theology professors and completed a licensing exam, so that he was prepared for ordination when the government released Romania's bishops from prison in 1964.[1]

Priest

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Mureșan was ordained a priest on 19 December 1964 by Ioan Dragomir, auxiliary bishop of Maramureș,[1] in the basement of a building in Cluj.[3] As instructed by Dragomir, he even kept his ordination secret from his parents.[4] He exercised his pastoral ministry in hiding, mainly dedicated to young people and those who wanted to become priests, while continuing his secular employment. He later worked as a priest more openly in the diocese of Maramureș.[1][5]

After Dragomir's death on 25 April 1985, he was provisional ordinary of the diocese of Maramureș until 9 August 1986 when, having been proposed by the diocesan chapter, he was installed in that office by Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia Alexandru Todea.[1]

Bishop

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Following the Romanian Revolution of December 1989, the Romanian Catholic Church gained legal status and began to function publicly. On 14 March 1990, Mureșa was elected eparch of Maramureș of the Romanians. Pope John Paul gave his assent the next day.[6] He received his episcopal consecration on 27 May on the terrace of the Romanian Soldier's Monument in Baia Mare,[a] from Archbishop Todea, assisted by Ioan Ploscaru, Bishop of Lugoj, and Guido del Mestri, a veteran member of the diplomatic service of the Holy See who had been expelled from Romania in 1950,[7] in the presence of 100 priests and more than 20,000 faithful. It was the first meeting of the entire Greek Catholic hierarchy at a large public event and included the presence of a papal representative. At the ceremony, the President of the Republic read the legal decree recognizing his title.[1] Mureșan opened the new Baia Mare Theological Institute in the academic year 1990-1991. It included a 3-year program for training religion teachers.[2]

He was named Metropolitan Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia of the Romanians on 4 July 1994 and on 27 August he was installed in Blaj.[1][2]

He convened and participated in the four sessions of the Fourth Provincial Council of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, held between 1995 and 1998.[1]

He participated in 1995 in the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of the Romanian Catholic Mission in Paris, celebrating Mass in Romanian at Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris.[2] In August 1997, through his efforts, the remains of Dom Inocențiu Micu-Klein were taken from Rome, where he died in exile, to the cathedral he founded in Blaj.[2]

Between 1998 and 2001 and again in 2004, Mureșan was elected president of the Romanian Catholic Bishops' Conference, which includes the hierarchy of the Catholic Church of both rites, Latin (Roman Catholic) and Eastern (Greek-Catholic).

Between 7 and 9 May 1999, he received Pope John Paul II during his visit to Romania,[1][2] which was limited to Bucharest at the request of the Orthodox Church.[8][b] During the Jubilee of the Year 2000, he organized a national pilgrimage to Rome, culminating on 9 May with a concelebrated mass in Romanian with Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Basilica with the thousands of Romanian pilgrims in attendance.[9]

On 26 May 2003, Mureșa was appointed a member of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches.[10][c]

At the October 2005 Synod of Bishops, he described the meaning of the Eucharist under Romania's Communist government:[12]

In our country, Romania, the communists tried to give man material bread alone, and wanted to chase ‘the bread of God’ from society and from the heart of the human person. Now, we realize that, outlawing our Greek Catholic Church, they were very afraid of the God present in the Eucharist.... Instead how many Masses have there been, clandestinely celebrated in a spoon rather than the chalice and with wine made from grapes found in the street.... These modern martyrs of the 20th century offered all their suffering to the Lord for dignity and human freedom.

His remarks drew a rare round of applause from the synod fathers.[13]

He was promoted to the status of Major Archbishop on 16 December 2005, when Pope Benedict XVI recognized the self-governing status of the Romanian Greek Catholic Church and raised the Archdiocese of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia to the status of major archdiocese.[14][15][d] He was installed as major archbishop on 30 April 2006 in the presence of the prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, Cardinal Ignatius Moses I Daoud.[2]

Cardinal

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On 18 February 2012, Pope Benedict XVI made him Cardinal Priest of Sant'Atanasio.[16] As he was already older than 80 at the time of his creation, he has no right to vote in a papal conclave. He was generally counted as the third Romanian to become a cardinal after Iuliu Hossu and Alexandru Todea,[17] though Hossu's elevation to the rank of cardinal was not announced while he lived.[18][e]

He was named a member of the Congregation for Oriental Churches again on 21 April 2012.[20]

On 24 October 2012 he was named an honorary member of the philosophy, theology, psychology and pedagogy section of the Romanian Academy.[17]

On 6 June 2015, Mureșan received the national commendation Order of the Star of Romania, Officer rank from President Klaus Iohannis of Romania.[21]

In June 2019, he celebrated Mass at the beatification of seven Romanian martyred bishops, as Pope Francis presided, having made a point of visiting Blaj for the ceremony.[8]

Notes

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  1. ^ Government authorities had not yet returned the Greek-Catholic cathedral in Baia Mare over to the Church.[3]
  2. ^ This was the first papal visit to a predominantly Orthodox country.[4]
  3. ^ The same appointment was announced by the Holy See Press Office on 28 June 2003.[11]
  4. ^ In the papal bull dated 14 December 2005 erecting the major archdiocese, Pope John Paul wrote that he was acting "to meet the demands of venerable brother Lucian Mureșan, Archbishop of Fagarasi and Alba Juliani of Romania, who, in the name of the Council of Hierarchs, demanded that this Church be raised to the status and dignity of a Major Archbishopric."[15]
  5. ^ Hossu died in May 1970 and Pope Paul VI only announced in March 1973 that he had made Hossu a cardinal in pectore, or secretly, in April 1969.[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan" [His Beatitude Lucian Mureșan]. Arhieparhia Greco-Catolică de Alba Iulia și Făgăraș (in Romanian). Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "PF Lucian Mureşan". Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică (in Romanian). Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b "10 ciriozitati despre Preafericitul Lucian Mureșan, care implenesti 10 ani de când a devenit cardinal" [10 curiosities about Beatitude Lucian Mureșan, who is celebrating 10 years since he became a cardinal]. Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma. 21 February 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Cardinalul. Profil de Curaj și Credință" [The Cardinal: Profile of Courage and Faith]. Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică (in Romanian). 23 May 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  5. ^ "Mureșan Card. Lucian". press.vatican.va. Holy See Press Office. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  6. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXXV. 1993. p. 442. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  7. ^ "Guido del Mestri, Cardinal, 82". New York Times. 9 August 1993. Retrieved 19 June 2023. Guido Cardinal del Mestri
  8. ^ a b McElwee, Joshua J. (2 June 2019). "Francis beatifies seven Romanian bishops, praises fortitude under communism". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  9. ^ "Jubilee Pilgrimage of Romanians". Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 9 May 2000. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  10. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XCV. 7 July 2003. p. 493. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  11. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 28.06.2003" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 28 June 2003. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  12. ^ Magister, Sandro (12 October 2005). "The Synod: The Eucharist Determines the State of the Church's Health". La Repubblica. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  13. ^ Allen Jr., John L. (6 October 2005). "Report #5: Environment, social justice emerge as eucharistic themes". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 16.12.2005" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 16 December 2005. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  15. ^ a b Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. XCVIII. 3 February 2006. p. 107. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
  16. ^ "Assegnazione dei Titoli e delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali" [Assignment of Titles and Deaconries to the new Cardinals]. The Holy See (in Italian). Ufficio delle Celebrazioni Liturgiche del Sommo Pontefice. 18 February 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  17. ^ a b "Cardinalul Lucian Muresan, ales membru de onoare al Academiei Române". Episcopia Romana Unita cu Roma (in Romanian). 29 October 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  18. ^ Hofmann, Paul (6 March 1973). "Pope, at Installation of Cardinals, Details Possible Reforms in Electing Successors" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  19. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXV. 1973. pp. 164–7, 203–4. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  20. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 21.04.2012" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 April 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Președintele României i-a înmânat Preafericitului Cardinal Lucian decorația "Steaua României"". Biserica Română Unită cu Roma, Greco-Catolică (in Romanian). Romanian Greek Catholic Church. 7 June 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
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Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Maramureș
27 May 1990 - 4 July 1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
4 July 1994 - 16 December 2005 		Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
New title Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia
16 December 2005 - present 		Incumbent
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