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{{For|his son Pierru-Dominique Bazaine 1809-1893|Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine}}
{{For|his son Pierre-Dominique Bazaine 1809–1893|Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine}}
{{multiple issues|
{{multiple issues|
{{no footnotes|date=October 2008}}
{{no footnotes|date=October 2008}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2012}}
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{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Pierru-Dominique Bazaine
|name = Pierre-Dominique Bazaine
|image = PierreDominiqueBazaine17861838.jpg
|image = PierreDominiqueBazaine17861838.jpg
|image_size =
|image_size =
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|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1838|9|29|1786|1|13}}
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1838|9|29|1786|1|13}}
|death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
|death_place = [[Paris]], [[France]]
|residence = {{flag|Russian Empire}}
|citizenship = {{flag|France}}
|citizenship = {{flag|France}}
|nationality = {{flag|France|name=French}}
|nationality = {{flag|France|name=French}} [Residence: {{flag|Russian Empire}}]
|ethnicity =
|ethnicity =
|fields = [[Mathematician]] and [[engineer]]
|fields = [[Mathematician]] and [[engineer]]
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|influences =
|influences =
|influenced =
|influenced =
|awards = [[Order of St.Vladimir]]<br>Grand Cross of [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]]<br>Commander of the [[Legion d'Honneur]]<br>Prussian [[Order of the Red Eagle]] (1st Class)<br>Polish [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]<br>Honorary fellow of St Petersburg Academy<br>Honorary Fellow or Foreign Member of the Science Academies of Turin, Munich, [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|Stockholm]] and St Petersburg.
|awards = [[Order of St.Vladimir]]<br>Grand Cross of [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky]]<br>[[File:Legion Honneur Commandeur ribbon.svg|40px]] [[Legion of Honour]] - Commander<br>Prussian [[Order of the Red Eagle]] (1st Class)<br>Polish [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Order of the White Eagle]]<br>Honorary fellow of St Petersburg Academy<br>Honorary Fellow or Foreign Member of the Science Academies of Turin, Munich, [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|Stockholm]] and St Petersburg.
|religion =
|religion =
|signature =
|signature =
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}}
}}


'''Pierre-Dominique Bazaine''' (Пётр Петрович Базен) (1786–1838) was a French scientist and engineer.
⚫
'''Pierru-Dominique Bazaine''' (1786–1838) (Пётр Петрович Базен) was a French scientist and engineer. He was educated at the [[École polytechnique]] in Paris as an engineer. At the request of [[Alexander I of Russia]] he was sent to Russia by [[Napoleon I]] as an army officer in the engineering corps to set up an institute for the education of transportation engineers, and in 1824 he became its director. Bazaine remained in Russia until 1834, organizing transportation routes and directing the work of inland navigation. He was responsible for many of the [[list of bridges in Saint Petersburg|bridges of St. Petersburg]] and its outskirts (including a number of the small and elegant lightweight iron bridges in the [[Summer Garden]]), as well as other major civil engineering projects, including flood protection. He received many Honours and Awards for his extensive contribution to the infrastructure of Russia, as well as Honorary Fellowship of a number of science academies across Europe for his ground-breaking mathematical theses. He finally returned to France in 1834 and died in Paris aged 52 in 1838.


== Career ==
== Early life ==

He was born 13 January 1786, in the town of [[Scy-Chazelles|Scy-sur-Moselle]], son of Pierre Bazaine (1760-1832) and Francoise Gilbert. Educated in [[Paris]], graduate of the Paris engineering schools, Paris' Polytechnic University ("[[Ecole polytechnique]]") and Paris' University of Bridges ("[[École des ponts ParisTech|Ecole des ponts]]"). Initially he practised as an Engineer in Italy and Southern France.

== Military career ==

His outstanding abilities drew the attention of Napoleon I, who subsequently recommended him to the Russian Emperor Czar Alexander I, along with engineers Fabrom, Destremom and Potier, to take up senior posts in the Russia corps of Civil Engineers. Bazaine arrived in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1810 with Lieutenant Fabrom, but due to war with France, did not immediately take up his post. Instead he was sent to [[Odessa]] under the governor-general of the [[Duke de Richelieu]], where his first work was at the Russian port of [[Evpatoriya]]. He was then sent to [[Yaroslavl]], to [[Poshehone]] and then in 1812, due to the war with France, he was deported to Eastern [[Siberia]], where he spent more than two years.

In 1815, with the end of war in Europe, he returned to Saint Petersburg, where with the new rank of colonel, he was appointed chair professor of higher analytics and mechanics at the Civil Engineering Institute. In 1820, he was promoted to major-general and in 1823 he was appointed a member of the Council Ways and Communications, being made inspector-general. In 1828, Bazaine returned to France but on his return to Russia was promoted to lieutenant general on 1 April 1830.

== Structural engineering works ==

⚫
In January 1824, he became director of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, and also chairman of the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic works in Saint Petersburg. Bazaine was responsible for many of the [[list of bridges in Saint Petersburg|bridges of Saint Petersburg]] and its outskirts (including a number of the small and elegant lightweight iron bridges in the [[Summer Garden]]), as well as other major civil engineering projects, including flood protection. He received many honours and awards for his extensive contribution to the infrastructure of Russia, as well as honorary fellowship of a number of science academies across Europe for his ground-breaking mathematical theses.

Bazaine's structural engineering works were extensive and much remains in the historic infrastructure in Russia. His main works are:


He was born 13 January 1786, in the town of [[Scy-Chazelles|Scy-sur-Moselle]], son of Pierre Bazaine (1760-1832) and Francoise Gilbert. Educated in [[Paris]], graduate of the [[Ecole polytechnique]] and the [[Ecole des ponts]]. Initially he practised as an Engineer in Italy and Southern France. His outstanding abilities drew the attention of Napoleon I who subsequently recommended him to the Russian Emperor Czar Alexander I, along with engineers Fabrom, Destremom and Potier, to take up senior posts in the Russia corps of Civil Engineers. Bazaine arrived in St.Petersburg, Russia in 1810 with Lieutenant Fabrom but due war with France, did not immediately take up his post. Instead he was sent to [[Odessa]] under the Governor-General of the [[Duke de Richelieu]], where his first work was at the Russian port of [[Evpatoriya]]. He was then sent to [[Yaroslavl]], to [[Poshehone]] and then in 1812 due to the war with France, he was deported to Eastern [[Siberia]], where he spent more than two years. Bazaine devoted himself entirely to science and analytics whilst in Siberia, writing his great treatise on [[differential calculus]] and several memoirs about plane geometry and properties of various lengths in three dimensions. In 1815, with the end of war in Europe, he returned to St. Petersburg where with the new rank of Colonel, he was appointed Chair Professor of Higher Analytics and Mechanics at the Civil Engineering Institute. In 1820, he was promoted to Major-General and in 1823 he was appointed a member of the Council Ways and Communications, being made Inspector-General. In January 1824, He became Director of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, and also Chairman of the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic works in St.Petersburg. In 1828, Bazaine returned to France but on his return to Russia was promoted to Lieutenant General on 1 April 1830. Bazaine's structural engineering works were extensive and much remains in the historic infrastructure in Russia. His main works are:
* the [[Obvodny canal]] in St. Petersburg;
* the [[Obvodny canal]] in St. Petersburg;
* water supply Yamskoy Slobody and Tavrichesky Garden;
* water supply Yamskoy Slobody and Tavrichesky Garden;
* Shlisselbourg granite building locks (for which he was awarded the Order of White Eagle).
* Shlisselbourg granite building locks (for which he was awarded the Order of White Eagle).
⚫
For the last buildings he wrote a remarkable treatise, in which he argued for the possibility of huge water savings in the Ladoga Canal, by ships passing through its locks: "Mémoire sur les bassins d'épargne" (napech. in Zapiskah Acad. Sciences). From 1820-1832 Bazaines prominent works include: rebuilding St. Isaac's Cathedral and on the same design building several other churches; the first chain bridge in Russia at Ekaterina park; restructuring, under his personal supervision, Ohtenskogo powder factory; deepening the river estuary at Neva and its channels; erection of buildings of the Senate and the Synod; rebuilding the University; the remarkable construction of the dome over the cathedral of St.Trinity (at the St. Petersburg side), 87 feet in diameter. Some of the bridges in St.Petersburg which he is responsible for include [[Demidov Bridge]] and [[First Engineer Bridge]]. These and many other constructions brought Bazaine several awards: in addition to the above, he was awarded the Order of St.Vladimir, the Grand Cross of St.Alexander Nevsky; Commander of the French Legion of Honour, Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (1st Class). He was elected an honorary fellow of St Petersburg Academy and the Science Academies of Turin, Munich, Stockholm and St Petersburg. He conceived the constructions of the floors of the Winter Palace, the Theater Alexandrinski and the Cathedral of the St.Trinidad. He directed the works of construction of the [[Obvodni channel]], the buildings Senate and Synod of the sluices of Shlisselbourg, of the hydraulic constructions of the Okhtinski factory. He also masterminded the first project to protect St.Petersburg against flooding. He writes several treaties on mathematics, transportation and the civil genius including a monograph on steamboats and their use in navigating canals and rivers. He was made a member of the Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg University in 1834. Deteriorating health prompted Bazaine to resign, and in 1834 he was transferred to the corps of military engineers, but heart disease forced Bazaine to return to Paris where he died on 29 September 1838 and was buried at the [[Montmartre Cemetery]].


⚫
For the last buildings he wrote a remarkable treatise, in which he argued for the possibility of huge water savings in the Ladoga Canal, by ships passing through its locks: "Mémoire sur les bassins d'épargne" (napech. in Zapiskah Acad. Sciences). From 1820 to 1832 Bazaines prominent works include: rebuilding St. Isaac's Cathedral and on the same design building several other churches; the first chain bridge in Russia at Ekaterina park; restructuring, under his personal supervision, Ohtenskogo powder factory; deepening the river estuary at Neva and its channels; erection of buildings of the Senate and the Synod; rebuilding the University; the remarkable construction of the dome over the cathedral of St.Trinity (at the St. Petersburg side), 87 feet in diameter. Some of the bridges in St.Petersburg which he is responsible for include [[Demidov Bridge]] and [[First Engineer Bridge]]. He conceived the constructions of the floors of the Winter Palace, the Theater Alexandrinski and the Cathedral of the St.Trinidad. He directed the works of construction of the [[Obvodni channel]], the buildings Senate and Synod of the sluices of Shlisselbourg, of the hydraulic constructions of the Okhtinski factory. He also masterminded the first project to protect St.Petersburg against flooding.
⚫
== Family ==


At the request of [[Alexander I of Russia]] he was sent to Russia by [[Napoleon I]] as an army officer in the engineering corps to set up an institute for the education of transportation engineers, and in 1824 he became its director. Bazaine remained in Russia until 1834, organizing transportation routes and directing the work of inland navigation.
⚫
He married Marie-Madeleine Vasseur and they had 3 children, 2 sons and a daughter. His daughter Melanie (1808-1852) married the engineer [[Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron]] in 1834. His eldest son, also [[Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine|Pierre-Dominique Bazaine]] (known as Adolphe) (1809-1893) was also a Civil Engineer and an important Railway engineer in the 1840s. He married an English woman Elizabeth Hayter, elder daughter of the English Court Painter [[Sir George Hayter]]. His second son was [[Francois Achille Bazaine]], a distinguished soldier who became a Marshal of France. He abandoned his family just prior to the birth of Achille, leaving it without financial support.


== Works ==
== Works ==

Bazaine devoted himself entirely to science and analytics whilst in Siberia, writing his great treatise on [[differential calculus]] and several memoirs about plane geometry and properties of various lengths in three dimensions. Bazaine wrote several treaties on mathematics, transportation and the civil genius including a monograph on steamboats and their use in navigating canals and rivers.

* "The initial basis of differential calculus" (First French edition 1817 and Russian 1819)
* "The initial basis of differential calculus" (First French edition 1817 and Russian 1819)
* "The initial basis of integral calculus" (First French edition 1825 and Russian 1827)
* "The initial basis of integral calculus" (First French edition 1825 and Russian 1827)
Line 69: Line 83:
* "Mémoire sur les moyens de preserver les machines à vapeur des exploisions auxquelles elles sont exposées "
* "Mémoire sur les moyens de preserver les machines à vapeur des exploisions auxquelles elles sont exposées "
* "Mémoire sur la fabrication, et en particulier sur le séchage de la poudre à canon"
* "Mémoire sur la fabrication, et en particulier sur le séchage de la poudre à canon"

== Awards ==

He was made a member of the Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg University in 1834.

By decree on 1 May 1821, Bazaine was awarded a [[Knight]] in [[France|France's]] [[Legion of Honour]].<ref name="legion">{{cite web|title=Sr Bazaine (pierre Dominique)- Certificate No 168|website=France’s National Archives - Léonore Database|location=France|date=12 February 1829|page=1|language=fr|url=https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/archives-images/LH012/FRDAFAN83_OL0150016v001_L.jpg|access-date=2 December 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204031502/https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/archives-images/LH012/FRDAFAN83_OL0150016v001_L.jpg|archive-date=4 December 2022}}</ref> By decree on 24 July 1826, the rank of Bazaine's [[Legion of Honour]] award was promoted to Officer.<ref name="legion"/> The rank of this award was later promoted to commander.<ref name=”quérard_1840”>{{cite book|first1=Joseph-Marie|last1=Quérard|first2=Charles|last2=Louandre|first3=Felix|last3=Bourquelot|display-authors= |author-mask1= |editor-last1= |editor-first1=|title=Littérature française contemporaine 1826-1840: Continuation de la France Littéraire, T.1|translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |year=1840|orig-date= |chapter=BAZAINE [Pierre-Dominique]|script-chapter= |trans-chapter= |script-title= |trans-title=Contemporary French literature 1826-1840: Continuation of French Literary, T.1|type= |format=Volume 6; 8 in|series= |language=fr|volume= |edition= |publication-place=Paris|location=|publisher=Daguin brothers|publication-date= |pages=209–214|asin= |asin-tld= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |jstor= |id= |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k209395s|url-status=live|access-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204132112/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k209395s|archive-date=4 December 2022|via= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages= }}</ref>

Bazaine received awards for a number of his constructions. In addition to the above, he was awarded the [[Order of St.Vladimir]], the Grand Cross of [[St. Alexander Nevsky]], and the Prussian [[Order of the Red Eagle]] (1st Class). In 1828, he was elected as an honorary fellow of [[St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]] and as an honorary fellow of the Science Academies of [[Turin]], [[Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich|Munich]], [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|Stockholm]] and [[Russian Academy of Sciences|St Petersburg]].<ref name=”quérard_1840”/>

⚫
== Family ==

⚫
He married Marie-Madeleine Vasseur and they had 3 children, 2 sons and a daughter. His daughter Melanie (1808-1852) married the engineer [[Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron]] in 1834. His eldest son, also [[Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine|Pierre-Dominique Bazaine]] (known as Adolphe) (1809-1893) was also a Civil Engineer and an important Railway engineer in the 1840s. He married an English woman Elizabeth Hayter, elder daughter of the English Court Painter [[Sir George Hayter]]. His second son was [[Francois Achille Bazaine]], a distinguished soldier who became a Marshal of France.<ref name=”Baumont|_1979”>{{cite book|first1=Maurice|last1= Baumont|editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-mask1= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |title=La Nouvelle Revue des Deux Mondes|trans-title=The New Journal of Two Worlds|year=1979|chapter=Bazaine: Les secrets d’un maréchal (1811-1888)|trans-chapter=Bazaine: The Secrets of a Marshal (1811-1888)|format= |series= |language= |volume= |edition= |location= |publisher=Revue des Deux Mondes|publication-place=Paris|publication-date= |pages=250–252|asin-tld= |doi= |isbn=978-2-11-080717-5|eissn=2266-4823|jstor=44199978|id= |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44199978|url-status=live |access-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205060537/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44199978?seq=1|archive-date=5 December 2022|via= |quote= |trans-quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages= }}</ref> He abandoned his family just prior to the birth of Achille, leaving it without financial support.

== Death ==

Deteriorating health prompted Bazaine to resign, and in 1834 he was transferred to the corps of military engineers, but heart disease forced Bazaine to return to Paris where he died on 28 September 1838 at his Paris home (9 Neuve des Capucines Street). He was buried in [[Montmartre Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Inventaire après décès de Pierre Dominique Bazaine, lieutenant général au service de la Russie, demeurant rue Neuve des Capucines, n° 9, décédé le 28 septembre 1838|trans-title=Inventory after death of Pierre Dominique Bazaine, lieutenant general in the service of Russia, residing rue Neuve des Capucines, n° 9, died on September 28, 1838|url=https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/1f5c0cedeabccbe307b4f920ac976f0530b090b6|language=fr|website=France Archives|access-date=5 December 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204145207/https://francearchives.fr/fr/facomponent/1f5c0cedeabccbe307b4f920ac976f0530b090b6|archive-date=4 December 2022}}</ref>


== Sources ==
== Sources ==
* "Zhurn. Glavn. Upravl. Paths Messaging. And Publicity. Buildings", in 1858, so HH VIII.
* "Zhurn. Glavn. Upravl. Paths Messaging. And Publicity. Buildings", in 1858, so HH VIII.

* Maurice Baumont: ''Bazaine: Les secrets d'un Maréchal (1811–1888)'', Paris : Imprimerie Nationale, 1978.
==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Legion of Honour]]
* [[Musée de la Légion d'honneur|Legion of Honour Museum]]
* [[List of Légion d'honneur recipients by name (B)|List of Legion of Honour recipients by name (B)]]
* [[Ribbons of the French military and civil awards]]
{{Portal|France}}
* [[Croix de Guerre|War Cross (France)]]


{{Pierre-Dominique Bazaine}}
{{Pierre-Dominique Bazaine}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}



{{DEFAULTSORT:Bazaine, Pierre-Dominique}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bazaine, Pierre-Dominique}}
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[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]
[[Category:1838 deaths]]
[[Category:Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Corps des ponts]]
[[Category:Corps des ponts]]
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]
[[Category:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni]]
[[Category:École des Ponts ParisTech alumni]]
[[Category:Honorary Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:People from Moselle (department)]]
[[Category:People from Moselle (department)]]
[[Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery]]
[[Category:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery]]
[[Category:18th-century French scientists]]
[[Category:18th-century French engineers]]
[[Category:18th-century French engineers]]
[[Category:19th-century French engineers]]
[[Category:19th-century French engineers]]
[[Category:French Freemasons]]

Latest revision as of 01:12, 20 July 2024

For his son Pierre-Dominique Bazaine 1809–1893, see Pierre-Dominique (Adolphe) Bazaine.
Pierre-Dominique Bazaine
Lt Gen Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (1786-1838)
Born(1786-01-13)13 January 1786
Scy, France
Died29 September 1838(1838-09-29) (aged 52)
Paris, France
Nationality French [Residence:  Russian Empire]
Citizenship France
Alma materÉcole Polytechnique
Known forCanals, bridges and flood defences in St.Petersburg, Russia, esp First Engineer Bridge which was named after him
AwardsOrder of St.Vladimir
Grand Cross of Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
Legion of Honour - Commander
Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (1st Class)
Polish Order of the White Eagle
Honorary fellow of St Petersburg Academy
Honorary Fellow or Foreign Member of the Science Academies of Turin, Munich, Stockholm and St Petersburg.
Scientific career
FieldsMathematician and engineer
InstitutionsFrench Army
Notes
His elder son Pierre-Dominique was also a Civil Engineer and his younger son Achille became a Marshal of France.

Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (Пётр Петрович Базен) (1786–1838) was a French scientist and engineer.

Early life

[edit]

He was born 13 January 1786, in the town of Scy-sur-Moselle, son of Pierre Bazaine (1760-1832) and Francoise Gilbert. Educated in Paris, graduate of the Paris engineering schools, Paris' Polytechnic University ("Ecole polytechnique") and Paris' University of Bridges ("Ecole des ponts"). Initially he practised as an Engineer in Italy and Southern France.

Military career

[edit]

His outstanding abilities drew the attention of Napoleon I, who subsequently recommended him to the Russian Emperor Czar Alexander I, along with engineers Fabrom, Destremom and Potier, to take up senior posts in the Russia corps of Civil Engineers. Bazaine arrived in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1810 with Lieutenant Fabrom, but due to war with France, did not immediately take up his post. Instead he was sent to Odessa under the governor-general of the Duke de Richelieu, where his first work was at the Russian port of Evpatoriya. He was then sent to Yaroslavl, to Poshehone and then in 1812, due to the war with France, he was deported to Eastern Siberia, where he spent more than two years.

In 1815, with the end of war in Europe, he returned to Saint Petersburg, where with the new rank of colonel, he was appointed chair professor of higher analytics and mechanics at the Civil Engineering Institute. In 1820, he was promoted to major-general and in 1823 he was appointed a member of the Council Ways and Communications, being made inspector-general. In 1828, Bazaine returned to France but on his return to Russia was promoted to lieutenant general on 1 April 1830.

Structural engineering works

[edit]

In January 1824, he became director of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, and also chairman of the Committee for Buildings and Hydraulic works in Saint Petersburg. Bazaine was responsible for many of the bridges of Saint Petersburg and its outskirts (including a number of the small and elegant lightweight iron bridges in the Summer Garden), as well as other major civil engineering projects, including flood protection. He received many honours and awards for his extensive contribution to the infrastructure of Russia, as well as honorary fellowship of a number of science academies across Europe for his ground-breaking mathematical theses.

Bazaine's structural engineering works were extensive and much remains in the historic infrastructure in Russia. His main works are:

  • the Obvodny canal in St. Petersburg;
  • water supply Yamskoy Slobody and Tavrichesky Garden;
  • Shlisselbourg granite building locks (for which he was awarded the Order of White Eagle).

For the last buildings he wrote a remarkable treatise, in which he argued for the possibility of huge water savings in the Ladoga Canal, by ships passing through its locks: "Mémoire sur les bassins d'épargne" (napech. in Zapiskah Acad. Sciences). From 1820 to 1832 Bazaines prominent works include: rebuilding St. Isaac's Cathedral and on the same design building several other churches; the first chain bridge in Russia at Ekaterina park; restructuring, under his personal supervision, Ohtenskogo powder factory; deepening the river estuary at Neva and its channels; erection of buildings of the Senate and the Synod; rebuilding the University; the remarkable construction of the dome over the cathedral of St.Trinity (at the St. Petersburg side), 87 feet in diameter. Some of the bridges in St.Petersburg which he is responsible for include Demidov Bridge and First Engineer Bridge. He conceived the constructions of the floors of the Winter Palace, the Theater Alexandrinski and the Cathedral of the St.Trinidad. He directed the works of construction of the Obvodni channel, the buildings Senate and Synod of the sluices of Shlisselbourg, of the hydraulic constructions of the Okhtinski factory. He also masterminded the first project to protect St.Petersburg against flooding.

At the request of Alexander I of Russia he was sent to Russia by Napoleon I as an army officer in the engineering corps to set up an institute for the education of transportation engineers, and in 1824 he became its director. Bazaine remained in Russia until 1834, organizing transportation routes and directing the work of inland navigation.

Works

[edit]

Bazaine devoted himself entirely to science and analytics whilst in Siberia, writing his great treatise on differential calculus and several memoirs about plane geometry and properties of various lengths in three dimensions. Bazaine wrote several treaties on mathematics, transportation and the civil genius including a monograph on steamboats and their use in navigating canals and rivers.

  • "The initial basis of differential calculus" (First French edition 1817 and Russian 1819)
  • "The initial basis of integral calculus" (First French edition 1825 and Russian 1827)
  • "The Proof of the beginning of the speculative speeds, considered as the basis of mechanics" (translated by Zavadsky, 1832)
  • "Mémoire sur l'état actuel du système de Vychni-Volotchok, ou de la principale communication artificielle établie entre la mer Caspienne et la Baltique"
  • "Mémoire sur la théorie du mouvement des barques à vapeur et sur leur application à la navigation des canaux, des fleuves et des rivières", St Petersburg 1817
  • "Mémoire sur l'impossibilité de ramener par un simple approfondissement le niveau du canal de Ladoga, à la même hauteur, que celui du lac du même nom"
  • "Notice sur un nouvel artifice propre à diminuer la dépense d'eau des canaux en général et sur un nouveau système de petite navigation"
  • "Mémoires sur les méthodes de raccordement à employer pour les alignements des routes"
  • "Notice sur la construction des paratonnerres"
  • "Notice sur un nouvel appareil gazogène"
  • "Mémoire sur la construction des Chaussées, et sur la détermination des distances moyennes pour le transport des matériaux"
  • "Introduction à l'étude de la statique synthétique, à l'usage des élèves de l'institut des voies de communications"
  • "Démonstration du principe des vitesses virtuelles, considéré comme base de la mecanique"
  • "Notices sur la composition des reliefs"
  • "Memoire sur un nouveau système relatif à l'établissement d'un chantier général destiné à la construction, au radoub et à la conservation des vaisseaux"
  • "Mémoire sur les machines à vapeurs en général"
  • "Mémoire sur la détermination de la force expansive de la vapeur, et des avantages qu'on en peut retirer sous le rapport industriel"
  • "Mémoire sur les moyens de preserver les machines à vapeur des exploisions auxquelles elles sont exposées "
  • "Mémoire sur la fabrication, et en particulier sur le séchage de la poudre à canon"

Awards

[edit]

He was made a member of the Mineralogical Society of St. Petersburg University in 1834.

By decree on 1 May 1821, Bazaine was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour.[1] By decree on 24 July 1826, the rank of Bazaine's Legion of Honour award was promoted to Officer.[1] The rank of this award was later promoted to commander.[2]

Bazaine received awards for a number of his constructions. In addition to the above, he was awarded the Order of St.Vladimir, the Grand Cross of St. Alexander Nevsky, and the Prussian Order of the Red Eagle (1st Class). In 1828, he was elected as an honorary fellow of St Petersburg Academy of Sciences and as an honorary fellow of the Science Academies of Turin, Munich, Stockholm and St Petersburg.[2]

Family

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He married Marie-Madeleine Vasseur and they had 3 children, 2 sons and a daughter. His daughter Melanie (1808-1852) married the engineer Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834. His eldest son, also Pierre-Dominique Bazaine (known as Adolphe) (1809-1893) was also a Civil Engineer and an important Railway engineer in the 1840s. He married an English woman Elizabeth Hayter, elder daughter of the English Court Painter Sir George Hayter. His second son was Francois Achille Bazaine, a distinguished soldier who became a Marshal of France.[3] He abandoned his family just prior to the birth of Achille, leaving it without financial support.

Death

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Deteriorating health prompted Bazaine to resign, and in 1834 he was transferred to the corps of military engineers, but heart disease forced Bazaine to return to Paris where he died on 28 September 1838 at his Paris home (9 Neuve des Capucines Street). He was buried in Montmartre Cemetery.[4]

Sources

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  • "Zhurn. Glavn. Upravl. Paths Messaging. And Publicity. Buildings", in 1858, so HH VIII.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Sr Bazaine (pierre Dominique)- Certificate No 168". France’s National Archives - Léonore Database (in French). France. 12 February 1829. p. 1. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b Quérard, Joseph-Marie; Louandre, Charles; Bourquelot, Felix (1840). "BAZAINE [Pierre-Dominique]". Littérature française contemporaine 1826-1840: Continuation de la France Littéraire, T.1 [Contemporary French literature 1826-1840: Continuation of French Literary, T.1] (Volume 6; 8 in) (in French). Paris: Daguin brothers. pp. 209–214. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  3. ^ Baumont, Maurice (1979). "Bazaine: Les secrets d'un maréchal (1811-1888)" [Bazaine: The Secrets of a Marshal (1811-1888)]. La Nouvelle Revue des Deux Mondes [The New Journal of Two Worlds]. Paris: Revue des Deux Mondes. pp. 250–252. eISSN 2266-4823. ISBN 978-2-11-080717-5. JSTOR 44199978. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
  4. ^ "Inventaire après décès de Pierre Dominique Bazaine, lieutenant général au service de la Russie, demeurant rue Neuve des Capucines, n° 9, décédé le 28 septembre 1838" [Inventory after death of Pierre Dominique Bazaine, lieutenant general in the service of Russia, residing rue Neuve des Capucines, n° 9, died on September 28, 1838]. France Archives (in French). Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 5 December 2022.

See also

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