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'''Samuel Renshaw''' (1892 &ndash; 1981) was an [[United States of America|American]] [[psychologist]] whose work became famous for a short period of time during [[World War II]] when he taught sailors to identify enemy aircraft in a split second, using [[tachistoscope|tachistoscopic]] training.<ref>Edward C. Godnig, "The Tachistoscope: Its History and Uses", ''Journal of Behavioral Optometry'' '''14''':2:39 (2003) [http://www.oepf.org/jbo/journals/14-2%20Godnig.pdf full text]</ref> He generally worked with [[speed reading|fast-reading]] and enhancing the latent ability of the [[mind]]. He believed that most people used only one-fifth of their available mind-power to process information. By using methods of flashing pages he produced students who could read upwards of 1,200 to 1,400 words per minute.
'''Samuel Renshaw''' (1892&ndash;1981)<ref name="AP-Obit">{{citation|author= Larsen Jr., J.M.|year= 1983|title= Samuel Renshaw (1892-1981) Obituary|journal= American Psychologist|volume= 38|page= 226|doi= 10.1037/0003-066X.38.2.226}}</ref> was an American [[psychologist]] whose work became famous for a short period of time during [[World War II]] when he taught sailors to identify enemy aircraft in a split second, using [[tachistoscope|tachistoscopic]] training.<ref>{{citation|author= Edward C. Godnig|title= The Tachistoscope: Its History and Uses|journal= Journal of Behavioral Optometry|volume= 14|issue= 2|page= 39|year= 2003|url= http://www.oepf.org/jbo/journals/14-2%20Godnig.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111007054933/http://www.oepf.org/jbo/journals/14-2%20Godnig.pdf|archive-date= 2011-10-07 }}</ref><ref>{{citation|url= https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/676791.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190419065833/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/676791.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date= April 19, 2019|title= A Brief History of Aircraft Identification Training|publisher= The [[George Washington University]] Human Resources Research Office|author= Vicory, Arthur C.|year= 1968|accessdate= April 19, 2019}}</ref> He generally worked with [[speed reading|fast-reading]] and enhancing the latent ability of the [[mind]]. He believed that most people used only one-fifth of their available [[mind-power]] to process information. By using methods of flashing pages he produced students who could read as fast as 1,200 to 1,400 words per minute.


Renshaw became involved in the establishment of the Midwestern Psychological Association and served as the organization's Secretary-Treasurer in 1929.<ref>{{citation|title= MPA History: List of Past MPA Presidents|url= http://midwesternpsych.org/about-mpa/mpa-history/|accessdate= April 18, 2019|publisher= Midwestern Psychological Association}}</ref> For his contributions to the war effort the [[United States Navy]] awarded him the [[Navy Distinguished Public Service Award]] in 1955.<ref name="AP-Obit" /> He wrote 23 volumes of a journal ''Visual Psychology''.{{citation needed|date= April 2019}}
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[[Robert A. Heinlein]] depicted the technique in several of his works, including ''[[Citizen of the Galaxy]]'' (1957) and ''[[Gulf (Heinlein)|Gulf]]'' (1949); and mentioned Renshaw in the context of the training of [[Fair Witness|Fair Witnesses]] in ''[[Stranger in a Strange Land]]''. His FAQ cited an article on Renshaw's studies in the ''[[Saturday Evening Post]]'' for April 17, 24, and May 1, 1948, “You’re Not As Smart As You Could Be.”<ref>“Heinlein’s Fan Mail Solution” by [[Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]] http://kk.org/ct2/2008/09/heinleins-fan-mail-solution.php</ref><ref>[http://www.panshin.com/critics/Renshaw/notassmart/notassmart1.html “You’re Not As Smart As You Could Be.”]</ref>


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[[Robert A. Heinlein]] depicted the technique in several of his works, including ''[[Citizen of the Galaxy]]'' (1957) and ''[[Gulf (Heinlein)|Gulf]]'' (1949); and mentioned Renshaw in the context of the training of [[Fair Witness]]es in ''[[Stranger in a Strange Land]]'' (1961). He cited a ''[[Saturday Evening Post]]'' article on Renshaw's studies for responses to fan mail about the subject.<ref>{{cite web|title= Heinlein's Fan Mail Solution|author= Kevin Kelly|author-link= Kevin Kelly (editor)|url= http://kk.org/ct2/2008/09/heinleins-fan-mail-solution.php|accessdate= April 18, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.panshin.com/critics/Renshaw/notassmart/notassmart1.html|title= You're Not As Smart As You Could Be|publisher= [[Saturday Evening Post]]|date= April 17, 1948|accessdate= April 18, 2019|author= Wittels, David G.}}</ref>
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This technique and equipment appeared at the Ravenswood School District (near [[Stanford University]]) for a short time in the 1960s. Several young students were used in the experiment. Film strip readers and page-at-a-glance equipment were used.


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This technique and equipment appeared at the Ravenswood School District (near [[Stanford University]]) for a short time in the 1960s. Several young students took part in the experiment, which involved film-strip readers and page-at-a-glance equipment.
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"The Renshaw Training System for Aircraft and Ship Recognition," (designed by psychologist Samuel Renshaw, was considered to have) "saved untold lives during World War II." this quote is from the American Psychological Association March 2010, Vol 41, No. 3 Print version: page 24


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The "Renshaw Training System for Aircraft and Ship Recognition" is considered to have "saved untold lives during World War II".<ref>
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==External links==
{{citation
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*[http://www.enter.net/~torve/critics/Renshaw/renshaw.htm Renshaw and the Tachistoscope] (1958/66)
|journal= Monitor on Psychology|url= https://www.apa.org/monitor/2010/03/enemy|title= Spotting the enemy|publisher= [[American Psychological Association]] March|year= 2010|volume= 41|issue= 3|pages= 24|accessdate= April 18, 2019
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}}
</ref>

==Bibliography==
{{citation|author=Renshaw, S.|year=1945|title=The visual perception and reproduction of forms by tachistoscopic methods|journal=Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied|volume=20|issue=2|pages=217–232|doi=10.1080/00223980.1945.9917254}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

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==External links==
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*[http://www.panshin.com/critics/Renshaw/renshaw.htm Renshaw and the Tachistoscope] by [[Alexei Panshin]], written in 1958 and revised in 1966

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{{Authority control}}


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{{Authority control|VIAF=51783819}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Renshaw, Samuel
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American psycologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1892
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1981
| PLACE OF DEATH =
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renshaw, Samuel}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Renshaw, Samuel}}
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:20th-century American psychologists]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award]]


{{psychologist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:25, 15 July 2024

Samuel Renshaw (1892–1981)[1] was an American psychologist whose work became famous for a short period of time during World War II when he taught sailors to identify enemy aircraft in a split second, using tachistoscopic training.[2][3] He generally worked with fast-reading and enhancing the latent ability of the mind. He believed that most people used only one-fifth of their available mind-power to process information. By using methods of flashing pages he produced students who could read as fast as 1,200 to 1,400 words per minute.

Renshaw became involved in the establishment of the Midwestern Psychological Association and served as the organization's Secretary-Treasurer in 1929.[4] For his contributions to the war effort the United States Navy awarded him the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1955.[1] He wrote 23 volumes of a journal Visual Psychology.[citation needed]

Robert A. Heinlein depicted the technique in several of his works, including Citizen of the Galaxy (1957) and Gulf (1949); and mentioned Renshaw in the context of the training of Fair Witnesses in Stranger in a Strange Land (1961). He cited a Saturday Evening Post article on Renshaw's studies for responses to fan mail about the subject.[5][6]

This technique and equipment appeared at the Ravenswood School District (near Stanford University) for a short time in the 1960s. Several young students took part in the experiment, which involved film-strip readers and page-at-a-glance equipment.

The "Renshaw Training System for Aircraft and Ship Recognition" is considered to have "saved untold lives during World War II".[7]

Bibliography

[edit]

Renshaw, S. (1945), "The visual perception and reproduction of forms by tachistoscopic methods", Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 20 (2): 217–232, doi:10.1080/00223980.1945.9917254

References

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  1. ^ a b Larsen Jr., J.M. (1983), "Samuel Renshaw (1892-1981) Obituary", American Psychologist, 38: 226, doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.2.226
  2. ^ Edward C. Godnig (2003), "The Tachistoscope: Its History and Uses" (PDF), Journal of Behavioral Optometry, 14 (2): 39, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-07
  3. ^ Vicory, Arthur C. (1968), A Brief History of Aircraft Identification Training (PDF), The George Washington University Human Resources Research Office, archived from the original (PDF) on April 19, 2019, retrieved April 19, 2019
  4. ^ MPA History: List of Past MPA Presidents, Midwestern Psychological Association, retrieved April 18, 2019
  5. ^ Kevin Kelly. "Heinlein's Fan Mail Solution". Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  6. ^ Wittels, David G. (April 17, 1948). "You're Not As Smart As You Could Be". Saturday Evening Post. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  7. ^ "Spotting the enemy", Monitor on Psychology, 41 (3), American Psychological Association March: 24, 2010, retrieved April 18, 2019
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