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{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> |
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The year '''1746 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events. |
The year '''1746 in [[science]]''' and [[technology]] involved some significant events. |
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* [[John Roebuck]] invents the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of [[sulfuric acid]]. |
* [[John Roebuck]] invents the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of [[sulfuric acid]]. |
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* German chemist [[Andreas Sigismund Marggraf]] (1709–1782) is credited with describing [[zinc]] as a separate metal. |
* German chemist [[Andreas Sigismund Marggraf]] (1709–1782) is credited with describing [[zinc]] as a separate metal. |
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* [[Eva Ekeblad]] discovers how to make [[flour]] and [[alcohol]] out of [[potato]]es.<ref> |
* [[Eva Ekeblad]] discovers how to make [[flour]] and [[ethanol|alcohol]] out of [[potato]]es.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bgf.nu/ljus/u/ekeblad.html |title=Biography (Swedish) |access-date=2011-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314010602/http://www.bgf.nu/ljus/u/ekeblad.html |archive-date=2016-03-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==Geology== |
==Geology== |
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* [[Jean-Étienne Guettard]] presents the first [[mineralogy|mineralogical]] map of [[France]] to the [[French Academy of Sciences]]. |
* [[Jean-Étienne Guettard]] presents the first [[mineralogy|mineralogical]] map of [[France]] to the [[French Academy of Sciences]]. |
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* [[William Cookworthy]] discovers [[kaolin]] in [[Cornwall]].<ref>{{cite book|title=William Cookworthy |
* [[William Cookworthy]] discovers [[kaolin]] in [[Cornwall]].<ref>{{cite book|title=William Cookworthy 1705–1780: A Study of the Pioneer of True Porcelain Manufacture in England|first=John|last=Penderill-Church|location=Truro|publisher=Bradford Barton|year=1972}}</ref> |
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==Mathematics== |
==Mathematics== |
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* [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert]] develops the theory of [[complex number]]s. |
* [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert]] develops the theory of [[complex number]]s. |
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* [[Patrick d'Arcy]] announces discovery of the principle of [[angular momentum]] in a form known as "the principle of areas" ([[areal velocity]]).<ref>{{cite journal|first=M. le Chevalier|last=D'Arcy|title=Principe Géneral de Dynamique|journal=[[Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences]]|location=Paris|year=1747|pages=348–356}}</ref> |
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* [[Scottish people|Scottish]] mathematician [[Matthew Stewart (mathematician)|Matthew Stewart]] publishes ''Some General Theorems of Considerable use in the Higher Parts of Mathematics'', including an account of [[Stewart's theorem]] on the measurement of the [[triangle]]. |
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==Physics== |
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* [[Pierre Louis Maupertuis]] reads before the Berlin Science Academy the paper ''Recherche des Lois du Mouvement''. He claims that nature acts in such a way as to minimize the product of mass times velocity times distance, in an incomplete but seminal idea that derives in what is known today as the [[Principle of least action]]. |
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==Technology== |
==Technology== |
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* [[Pierre Bouguer]] publishes a treatise on [[naval architecture]],''Traité du navire'', which first explains use of the [[metacentric height]] as a measure of ships' stability.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ferreiro|first=Larrie D.|title=Ships and Science: the Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, |
* [[Pierre Bouguer]] publishes a treatise on [[naval architecture]], ''Traité du navire'', which first explains use of the [[metacentric height]] as a measure of ships' stability.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ferreiro |first=Larrie D. |title=Ships and Science: the Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1800 |location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |year=2007 |page=227 |isbn=978-0-262-06259-6}}</ref> |
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* John Muller publishes ''A Treatise Containing the Elementary Part of Fortification''. |
* John Muller publishes ''A Treatise Containing the Elementary Part of Fortification''. |
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==Zoology== |
==Zoology== |
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* [[ |
* [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] publishes ''Fauna Svecica''. |
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==Awards== |
==Awards== |
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* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Benjamin Robins]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Copley Medal {{!}} British scientific award |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=21 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* [[Copley Medal]]: [[Benjamin Robins]] |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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* January 4 |
* January 4 – [[Benjamin Rush]], [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father of the United States]], [[chemist]] and [[physician]] (died [[1813 in science|1813]]) |
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* March 7 |
* March 7 – [[André Michaux]], [[French people|French]] [[botanist]] (died [[1802 in science|1802]]) |
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* |
* March 15 – [[Giovanni Battista Venturi]], Italian [[physicist]] after whom the [[Venturi pump|Venturi]] tube is named (died [[1822 in science|1822]]) |
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* |
* May 9 – [[Gaspard Monge]], French [[mathematician]] and [[geometer]] (died [[1818 in science|1818]]) |
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* |
* July 7 – [[Giuseppe Piazzi]], [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Theatines|Theatine monk]], [[astronomer]] and mathematician (died [[1826 in science|1826]]) |
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* [[Louise du Pierry]], French astronomer (died [[ |
* July 30 – [[Louise du Pierry]], French astronomer (died [[1807 in science|1807]]) |
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* [[Isaac Swainson]], [[English people|English]] botanist (died [[1812 in science|1812]]) |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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* June 14 |
* June 14 – [[Colin Maclaurin]], Scottish mathematician (born [[1698 in science|1698]]) |
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* November 14 |
* November 14 – [[Georg Steller]], German naturalist (born [[1709 in science|1709]]) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:1746 in science| ]] |
[[Category:1746 in science| ]] |
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[[Category:18th century in science]] |
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[[Category:1740s in science]] |
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[[hu:1746 a tudományban]] |
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[[ru:1746 год в науке]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:47, 16 June 2024
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| Extraterrestrial environment |
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| Other/related |
The year 1746 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Chemistry
[edit]- John Roebuck invents the lead-chamber process for the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
- German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709–1782) is credited with describing zinc as a separate metal.
- Eva Ekeblad discovers how to make flour and alcohol out of potatoes.[1]
Geology
[edit]- Jean-Étienne Guettard presents the first mineralogical map of France to the French Academy of Sciences.
- William Cookworthy discovers kaolin in Cornwall.[2]
Mathematics
[edit]- Jean le Rond d'Alembert develops the theory of complex numbers.
- Patrick d'Arcy announces discovery of the principle of angular momentum in a form known as "the principle of areas" (areal velocity).[3]
- Scottish mathematician Matthew Stewart publishes Some General Theorems of Considerable use in the Higher Parts of Mathematics, including an account of Stewart's theorem on the measurement of the triangle.
Physics
[edit]- Pierre Louis Maupertuis reads before the Berlin Science Academy the paper Recherche des Lois du Mouvement. He claims that nature acts in such a way as to minimize the product of mass times velocity times distance, in an incomplete but seminal idea that derives in what is known today as the Principle of least action.
Technology
[edit]- Pierre Bouguer publishes a treatise on naval architecture, Traité du navire, which first explains use of the metacentric height as a measure of ships' stability.[4]
- John Muller publishes A Treatise Containing the Elementary Part of Fortification.
Zoology
[edit]- Linnaeus publishes Fauna Svecica.
Awards
[edit]Births
[edit]- January 4 – Benjamin Rush, Founding Father of the United States, chemist and physician (died 1813)
- March 7 – André Michaux, French botanist (died 1802)
- March 15 – Giovanni Battista Venturi, Italian physicist after whom the Venturi tube is named (died 1822)
- May 9 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and geometer (died 1818)
- July 7 – Giuseppe Piazzi, Italian Theatine monk, astronomer and mathematician (died 1826)
- July 30 – Louise du Pierry, French astronomer (died 1807)
- Isaac Swainson, English botanist (died 1812)
Deaths
[edit]- June 14 – Colin Maclaurin, Scottish mathematician (born 1698)
- November 14 – Georg Steller, German naturalist (born 1709)
References
[edit]- ^ "Biography (Swedish)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2011-04-07.
- ^ Penderill-Church, John (1972). William Cookworthy 1705–1780: A Study of the Pioneer of True Porcelain Manufacture in England. Truro: Bradford Barton.
- ^ D'Arcy, M. le Chevalier (1747). "Principe Géneral de Dynamique". Mémoires de l'Académie des Sciences. Paris: 348–356.
- ^ Ferreiro, Larrie D. (2007). Ships and Science: the Birth of Naval Architecture in the Scientific Revolution, 1600–1800. Cambridge: MIT Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-262-06259-6.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.