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{{Short description|Premonstratensian monastery at Tongerlo}}
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'''Tongerlo Abbey''' is a [[Premonstratensian]] or Norbertine monastery at Tongerlo<ref>[[French language|French]] spelling "Tongerloo"</ref> in [[Westerlo]] near [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]].<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14776a.htm Abbey of Tongerloo] - [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] article</ref>
[[File:43635_Abdij_Tongerlo_Overzicht.jpg|thumb|300px|Tongerlo Abbey, panoramic view]]
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'''Tongerlo Abbey''' is a [[Premonstratensian]] monastery at [[Tongerlo]]<ref>also Tongerloo</ref> in [[Westerlo]] near [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]].<ref name="CE">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Abbey of Tongerloo}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
It was founded in 1128 in honour of the Blessed Virgin, by Giselbert of Castelré, who not only gave the land, but also himself became a [[lay brother]] in it. The first monks were sent from [[St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp]], under Henry, who had come with [[St. Norbert]] to Antwerp to extirpate the [[Tanchelm]]ite heresies. The charter of its foundation was signed, amongst others, by [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] and by Waltman, first Abbot of Antwerp. The [[Bishop of Cambrai]] granted synodal rights to the abbots.
It was founded in 1128 in honour of the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]], by Giselbert of [[Kasterlee]], who not only gave the land, but also himself became a [[lay brother]] in the new community. The first monks were sent from [[St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp]], under Henry, who had come with [[Norbert of Xanten|Saint Norbert]], founder of the Premonstratensian Order, to Antwerp to extirpate the [[Tanchelm]]ite heresies. The charter of its foundation was signed, amongst others, by [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] and by Waltman, first abbot of Antwerp. The [[Bishop of Cambrai]] granted [[synod]]al rights to the abbots.<ref name="CE" />


From small beginnings the abbey grew influential in a district called [[Campine]], now in north-east Belgium and south Holland, then a wild area. The bishops of Cambrai, the chapters of [[Liège]] and [[Maastricht]], and several landowners confided the charge of parishes, with the right of patronage, to the abbey. In time the abbey had to provide priests for some forty parishes, or small Norbertine residences, in these parts.
From small beginnings the abbey became influential in the district called [[Campine]], now in north-east Belgium and the south of the Netherlands, then a wild area. The bishops of Cambrai, the chapters of [[St. Lambert's Cathedral, Liège|Liège]] and [[Basilica of Saint Servatius|Maastricht]], and several landowners entrusted the charge of parishes, with the right of patronage, to the abbey. In time the abbey had to provide priests for some forty parishes <!--or small Norbertine residences--> in these parts.


[[Image:Leonardo da Vinci - Last Supper (copy) - WGA12732.jpg|thumb|150px|Copy of Leonardo da Vinci's ''Last Supper'', probably by [[Andrea Solari|Andrea di Bartoli Solari]]]]
With the erection of new dioceses (1559-60) in Belgium and Holland, heavy burdens were cast on the abbey, for not only had it to provide the funds, but the new [[Bishop of Bois-le-Duc]] was put at its head as abbot. This state of affairs lasted until 1590, when, to obtain its independence, the abbey had to give up much property in support of the new diocese. The abbey was a centre of education. It possessed one of the largest libraries, and was able to take up the work of the [[Bollandists]]
With the erection of new dioceses (1559–60) in Belgium and the Netherlands, heavy burdens were cast on the abbey, for not only had it to provide funds for the new [[Roman Catholic Diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch|diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch]], but the new bishop was put at its head as abbot. This state of affairs lasted until 1590, when, to obtain its independence, the abbey had to give up much property in support of the new diocese. The abbey was a centre of education. It possessed one of the largest libraries, and was able to take up the work of the [[Bollandists]].


The rise of [[Calvinism]] in the Netherlands caused conflict. Three monks of Tongerloo are Catholic martyrs: [[Arnold Vessem]] and [[Henry Bosch]] in 1557, and [[Peter Janssens]] in 1572. In the seventeenth century [[Francis Wichmans]] of the abbey rallied local Catholics.
The rise of [[Calvinism]] in the Netherlands caused conflict. Three monks of Tongerlo became Catholic martyrs: [[Arnold Vessem]] and [[Hendrik Bosch (priest)|Hendrik Bosch]] in 1557, and [[Peter Janssens (priest)|Peter Janssens]] in 1572. In the seventeenth century [[Francis Wichmans]] of the abbey rallied local Catholics.


Adrianus Stalpaerts (1563&ndash;1629) was the 41st (according to other sources the 36th) abbot of Tongerlo, from 1608 until his death.
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The abbey is also the site of a [[Leonardo da Vinci]] Museum, which contains a 16th century copy on canvas of Leonardo's [[Last Supper]], in approximately original size. The copy reveals many details that are no longer visible in the original fresco due to deterioration.
Stalpaerts encouraged the pursuit of academic scholarship in the monastery.<ref>Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (1911&ndash;1937), [resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=5&page=404&view=imagePane 794f.]</ref> From 1725 to 1732 [[Willem Ignatius Kerricx]] worked as an architect, sculptor and painter on the decorations for the Tongerlo Abbey and designed the new the abbot's residence.
The abbey's property was confiscated and sold by the French occupying forces in 1796, but in 1840 was bought back under its post-revolutionary re-founder, [[Peter Hubert Evermode Backx]].


In 1899, under abbot [[Thomas Louis Heylen]], a filiation was made to [[Manchester]] as [[Corpus Christi Priory]].<ref>A. Simon, "Heylen (Thomas-Louis)", ''[[Biographie Nationale de Belgique]]'', [https://www.academieroyale.be/Academie/documents/FichierPDFBiographieNationaleTome2091.pdf vol. 32] (Brussels, 1964), 295-299.</ref>
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==References==
{{reflist}}


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The abbey is also the site of a [[Leonardo da Vinci]] Museum, which contains a 16th-century copy on canvas of Leonardo's ''[[Last Supper (Leonardo)|Last Supper]]'', in approximately original size. The copy reveals many details that are no longer visible in the original fresco due to deterioration.
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{{Catholic|Abbey of Tongerloo}}


[[File:Tongerloo abbey-Panorama-v2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|{{center|Tongerlo Abbey}}]]

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==References==
{{Reflist}}

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{{Catholic|wstitle=Abbey of Tongerloo}}
{{coord|51|06|19.04|N|4|54|22.95|E|region:BE-VAN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
{{coord|51|06|19.04|N|4|54|22.95|E|region:BE-VAN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}


==External links==
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[[Category:Antwerp]]
*[http://185.59.17.9/~tongerlo/ Tongerlo Abbey]
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[[Category:Premonstratensian monasteries in Belgium]]
* [http://www.odis.be/lnk/en/OR_9067 Norbertines - Abbey of Tongerlo] in [https://www.odis.eu ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures]
* [http://www.odis.be/lnk/en/AE_4101 Archives of the Norbertines - Abbey of Tongerlo] in [https://www.odis.eu ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures]


{{Belgium-struct-stub}}
{{Catholic Church in Belgium}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Christian-monastery-stub}}


[[Category:Christian monasteries in Antwerp Province]]
[[de:Abtei Tongerlo]]
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[[Category:Premonstratensian monasteries in Belgium]]
[[nl:Abdij van Tongerlo]]
[[Category:1128 establishments in Europe]]
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[[Category:Westerlo]]

Latest revision as of 19:05, 2 June 2024

Tongerlo Abbey, panoramic view

Tongerlo Abbey is a Premonstratensian monastery at Tongerlo[1] in Westerlo near Antwerp, Belgium.[2]

History

[edit]

It was founded in 1128 in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary, by Giselbert of Kasterlee, who not only gave the land, but also himself became a lay brother in the new community. The first monks were sent from St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp, under Henry, who had come with Saint Norbert, founder of the Premonstratensian Order, to Antwerp to extirpate the Tanchelmite heresies. The charter of its foundation was signed, amongst others, by Bernard of Clairvaux and by Waltman, first abbot of Antwerp. The Bishop of Cambrai granted synodal rights to the abbots.[2]

From small beginnings the abbey became influential in the district called Campine, now in north-east Belgium and the south of the Netherlands, then a wild area. The bishops of Cambrai, the chapters of Liège and Maastricht, and several landowners entrusted the charge of parishes, with the right of patronage, to the abbey. In time the abbey had to provide priests for some forty parishes in these parts.

Copy of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, probably by Andrea di Bartoli Solari

With the erection of new dioceses (1559–60) in Belgium and the Netherlands, heavy burdens were cast on the abbey, for not only had it to provide funds for the new diocese of 's-Hertogenbosch, but the new bishop was put at its head as abbot. This state of affairs lasted until 1590, when, to obtain its independence, the abbey had to give up much property in support of the new diocese. The abbey was a centre of education. It possessed one of the largest libraries, and was able to take up the work of the Bollandists.

The rise of Calvinism in the Netherlands caused conflict. Three monks of Tongerlo became Catholic martyrs: Arnold Vessem and Hendrik Bosch in 1557, and Peter Janssens in 1572. In the seventeenth century Francis Wichmans of the abbey rallied local Catholics.

Adrianus Stalpaerts (1563–1629) was the 41st (according to other sources the 36th) abbot of Tongerlo, from 1608 until his death. Stalpaerts encouraged the pursuit of academic scholarship in the monastery.[3] From 1725 to 1732 Willem Ignatius Kerricx worked as an architect, sculptor and painter on the decorations for the Tongerlo Abbey and designed the new the abbot's residence.

The abbey's property was confiscated and sold by the French occupying forces in 1796, but in 1840 was bought back under its post-revolutionary re-founder, Peter Hubert Evermode Backx.

In 1899, under abbot Thomas Louis Heylen, a filiation was made to Manchester as Corpus Christi Priory.[4]

The abbey is also the site of a Leonardo da Vinci Museum, which contains a 16th-century copy on canvas of Leonardo's Last Supper, in approximately original size. The copy reveals many details that are no longer visible in the original fresco due to deterioration.

Tongerlo Abbey

References

[edit]
  1. ^ also Tongerloo
  2. ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Abbey of Tongerloo" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (1911–1937), [resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/nnbw/#source=5&page=404&view=imagePane 794f.]
  4. ^ A. Simon, "Heylen (Thomas-Louis)", Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 32 (Brussels, 1964), 295-299.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Abbey of Tongerloo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 51°06′19.04″N 4°54′22.95″E / 51.1052889°N 4.9063750°E / 51.1052889; 4.9063750

[edit]
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