Battle of Jiangnan (1856): Difference between revisions

First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion
Date	Late May, 1856 – early August, 1856 (Determined battle from June 16–20)
Location	Outside Nanjing and Jiangbei (江北), China
Result	Taiping victory
Territorial; changes	South eastern China annexed by Taiping Heavenly Kingdom[clarification needed]
Belligerents
Qing Dynasty	Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Xiang Rong †; Her Chyun; Zhang GuoLiang; Jeer Hungar †	Yang Xiuqing; Qin Rigang; Shi Dakai; Li Xiucheng
Strength
80,000 Green Standard Army	460,000 militia forces
Casualties and losses
39,000 killed or wounded	unknown

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The First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion (simplified Chinese: 一破江南大营; traditional Chinese: 一破江南大營) took place between 1853 and 1856^[1] when the Qing government raised the Green Standard Army to fight against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The action involved Qing forces surrounding the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

First rout of the Jiangnan Army Group

After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom militia successfully occupied Nanjing in the southern territory of Jiangnan, within ten days First Class Senior Gen. Xiang Rong, in command of 10,000 Green Standard Army troops, surrounded the walls of the city. The remnants of the former Qing garrison defending Nanjing were barricaded outside city walls inside the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum.

Alongside Xiang Rong, the Green Standard Army was led by Second Class Senior Gen. Her Chyun and Lt. Gen. Zhang Guoliang. The leaders of the Taiping forces were Shi Dakai, Yang Xiuqing, Qin Rigang (秦日綱) and Li Xiucheng.^[2]

The regular Army numbered 80,000 troops and the Taiping Rebellion militia force had 460,000 men.

Outcome

On June 1 the Nanjing army tried to stop Taiping forces but Governor of Jiangsu Jeer Hungar (吉爾杭阿), the Mayor of Nanjing and their entire army of 7,800 were totally wiped out, with Jeer Hungar being killed by an artillery bomb.

The Qing army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 troops retreated north. On August 9 Xiang Rong committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of opium due to the pain of his battle wounds in Danyang.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Tucker, Spencer (2017). The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 225, 228. ISBN 9781440842948.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Wacks, Gabriel (2018). "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.

Draft History of Qing
1. Tucker, Spencer (2017). The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History. Santa Barbara, California: ProQuest. pp. 225. ISBN 9781440842948.
2. Wacks, Gabriel (2018). "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". pp. 31–32.
3. ^ Tucker, pp. 228.

[:0-1] Tucker, Spencer (2017). The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 225, 228. ISBN 9781440842948.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[2] Wacks, Gabriel (2018). "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}}
-{{Infobox Military Conflict
+{{Expand Chinese|topic=mil|date=October 2023}}
-|conflict= First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion
+{{Infobox military conflict
-|partof=
+| conflict          = First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion
-|date=Late May, 1856 - early August, 1856 (Determined battle from June 16 to June 20)
+| partof            =
-|image=
+| date              = Late May, 1856 – early August, 1856 (Determined battle from June 16–20)
-|caption=
+| image             =
-|place= [[Nanjing]] oudside and [[Jiangbei]](江北), [[China]]
+| caption           =
-|territory= South eastern China ceded to the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]
+| place             = Outside [[Nanjing]] and [[Jiangbei, Meizhou|Jiangbei]] (江北), [[China]]
-|result= Decisive [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|Taiping]] victory
+| territory         = South eastern China annexed by [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]{{clarify|date=July 2018}}
-|combatant1= {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Qing Dynasty]]
-|combatant2= [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]
+| result            = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|Taiping]] victory
-|commander1= {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Imperial Commissioner (China)|Imperial Commissioner]] [[Xiang Rong]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} Second Class Senior General [[Her Chyun]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Lieutenant General]]：[[Zhang GuoLiang]]
+| combatant1        = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Qing Dynasty]]
+| combatant2        = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]
-|commander2= [[Yang Xiuqing]]<br/> [[Qin Rigang]]<br/> [[Shi Dakai]]<br/>[[Li Xiucheng]] |strength1= 80,000 [[Green Standard Army]]
+| commander1        = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Xiang Rong]] {{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Her Chyun]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Zhang GuoLiang]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Jirhangga|Jeer Hungar]] {{KIA}}
-|strength2= 460,000 [[militia]] forces
+| commander2        = [[Yang Xiuqing]]<br/> [[Qin Rigang]]<br/>  [[Shi Dakai]]<br/>  [[Li Xiucheng]]
-|casualties1= 39,000 killed or wounded<br>Imperial Commissioner [[Xiang Rong]] (suicide)<br>[[Governor]] of [[Jiangsu]] [[Jeer Hungar]] (吉爾杭阿) [[Killed in Action|KIA]] by [[artillery]] bomb
+| strength1         = 80,000 {{flagicon image|Green Standard Army.svg}}[[Green Standard Army]]
-|casualties2= unknown
+| strength2         = 460,000 [[militia]] forces
+| casualties1       = 39,000 killed or wounded
+| casualties2       = unknown
 }}
 {{Campaignbox Taiping Rebellion}}
-The '''First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion''' ({{zh|s=一破江南大营|t=一破江南大營}}) took place between 1853 and 1856 when the Qing government raised the [[Green Standard Army]] to fight against the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]. The action involved Qing forces surrounding the city of [[Nanking]], the capital capital of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]].
+The '''First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion''' ({{zh|s=一破江南大营|t=一破江南大營}}) took place between 1853 and 1856<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|year=2017|isbn=9781440842948|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=225, 228}}</ref> when the Qing government raised the [[Green Standard Army]] to fight against the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]. The action involved Qing forces surrounding the city of [[Nanjing]], the capital of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]].
 ==First rout of the Jiangnan Army Group==
-After the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] militia successfully occupied Nanking in the southern Chinese territory of [[Jiangnan]], within 10 days, First Class Senior General [[Xiang Rong]], in command of 10,000 [[Green Standard Army]] troops surrounded the walls of the city.
+After the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] militia successfully occupied Nanjing in the southern territory of [[Jiangnan]], within ten days First Class Senior Gen. [[Xiang Rong]], in command of 10,000 [[Green Standard Army]] troops, surrounded the walls of the city. The remnants of the former Qing garrison defending Nanjing were barricaded outside city walls inside the [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]].
+Alongside Xiang Rong, the [[Green Standard Army]] was led by Second Class Senior Gen. [[Her Chyun]] and Lt. Gen. [[Zhang Guoliang]]. The leaders of the Taiping forces were [[Shi Dakai]], [[Yang Xiuqing]], [[Qin Rigang]] ({{lang|zh|秦日綱}}) and [[Li Xiucheng]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf|title=All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|last=Wacks|first=Gabriel|date=2018|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210301/https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-The remnants of the former Qing garrison defending Nanjing were barricaded inside the [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]].
+The [[regular Army]] numbered 80,000 troops and the Taiping Rebellion [[Militia|militia force]] had 460,000 men.
-Alongside Xiang Rong, the Green Standard Army was led by  Second Class Senior General [[Her Chyun]] and Lieutenant General [[Zhang Guoliang]]. The leaders of the Taiping forces were [[Shi Dakai]], [[Yang Xiuqing]], [[Qin Rigang]](秦日綱) and [[Li Xiucheng]].
-The [[regular Army]] numbered 80,000 and the Taiping Rebellion [[militia force]] had 460,000 militia.
 ===Outcome===
-On June 1, 1856, the Nanjing army tried to stop Taiping forces but the [[Governor]] of [[Jiangsu]] [[Jeer Hungar]](吉爾杭阿), Mayor of Nanjing and their entire army of 7,800 were totally wiped out.
+On June 1 the Nanjing army tried to stop Taiping forces but [[Governor]] of [[Jiangsu]] [[Jeer Hungar]] ({{lang|zh|吉爾杭阿}}), the Mayor of Nanjing and their entire army of 7,800 were totally wiped out, with Jeer Hungar being killed by an artillery bomb.
-The [[Qing]] army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 retreated north. On August 9 [[Xiang Rong]] committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of Opium due to the pain of his battle wounds in [[Danyang, Jiangsu|Danyang]].
+The [[Qing]] army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 troops retreated north. On August 9 [[Xiang Rong]] committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of opium due to the pain of his battle wounds in [[Danyang, Jiangsu|Danyang]].<ref name=":0" />
 ==See also==
-*[[First rout the Army Group Jiangnan]]
+*[[Battle of Jiangnan (1860)|Second Rout of the Jiangnan Battalion]]
-*[[Second rout the Army Group Jiangnan]]
 *[[Second Opium War]]
 ==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 *[[Draft History of Qing]]
+*1. Tucker, Spencer (2017). ''The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History''. Santa Barbara, California: ProQuest. pp.&nbsp;225. {{ISBN|9781440842948}}.
+*2. Wacks, Gabriel (2018). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210301/https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom"]''. pp.&nbsp;31–32.
+*3. ^ Tucker, pp.&nbsp;228.
+[[Category:Conflicts in 1856|Jiangnan]]
-{{coord missing|Jiangsu}}
-[[Category:Conflicts in 1856]]
 [[Category:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty]]
-[[Category:19th century in China]]
 [[Category:1856 in China]]
-[[Category:Battles of the Taiping Rebellion|Jiangnan DaYing]]
+[[Category:Battles of the Taiping Rebellion|Jiangnan]]
-[[Category:History of Nanjing]]
+[[Category:Tianjing in the Taiping Rebellion]]
+[[Category:Green Standard Army]]