Battle of Jiangnan (1856): Difference between revisions
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{{more citations needed|date=August 2018}} |
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{{Expand Chinese|topic=mil|date=October 2023}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox military conflict |
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|conflict= First rout the |
| conflict = First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion |
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|partof= |
| partof = |
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|date=Late May, 1856 |
| date = Late May, 1856 – early August, 1856 (Determined battle from June 16–20) |
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|image= |
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| image = |
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|caption= |
| caption = |
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|place= [[Nanjing]] |
| place = Outside [[Nanjing]] and [[Jiangbei, Meizhou|Jiangbei]] (江北), [[China]] |
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|territory= South eastern China ceded to the [[Taiping Rebellion|Taiping rebels]] |
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| territory = South eastern China annexed by [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]{{clarify|date=July 2018}} |
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|result |
| result = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|Taiping]] victory |
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|combatant1= {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Qing Dynasty]] |
| combatant1 = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Qing Dynasty]] |
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|combatant2= [[Taiping |
| combatant2 = [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] |
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|commander1= {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} |
| commander1 = {{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Xiang Rong]] {{KIA}}<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Her Chyun]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Zhang GuoLiang]]<br>{{flagicon|Qing Dynasty|1862}} [[Jirhangga|Jeer Hungar]] {{KIA}} |
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|commander2= [[Yang Xiuqing]]<br/> [[Qin Rigang]]<br/> [[Shi Dakai]]<br/> |
| commander2 = [[Yang Xiuqing]]<br/> [[Qin Rigang]]<br/> [[Shi Dakai]]<br/> [[Li Xiucheng]] |
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| strength1 = 80,000 {{flagicon image|Green Standard Army.svg}}[[Green Standard Army]] |
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|casualties1= 39,000 killed or wounded<br>Imperial Commissioner [[Xiang Rong]] (suicide)<br>[[Governor]] of [[Jiangsu]] [[Jeer Hungar]] (吉爾杭阿) [[Killed in Action|KIA]] by [[artillery]] bomb |
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| casualties1 = 39,000 killed or wounded |
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{{Campaignbox Taiping Rebellion}} |
{{Campaignbox Taiping Rebellion}} |
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''' |
The '''First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion''' ({{zh|s=一破江南大营|t=一破江南大營}}) took place between 1853 and 1856<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|year=2017|isbn=9781440842948|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=225, 228}}</ref> when the Qing government raised the [[Green Standard Army]] to fight against the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]. The action involved Qing forces surrounding the city of [[Nanjing]], the capital of the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]]. |
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==First rout of the Jiangnan Army Group== |
==First rout of the Jiangnan Army Group== |
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1853--1856 |
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After the [[Taiping Rebellion]] militia successfully occupied Nanjing, within 10 days, [[Xiang Rong]] commanded 10,000 [[Green Standard Army]] and stationed themselves outside the [[Nanjing]] wall. |
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After the [[Taiping Heavenly Kingdom]] militia successfully occupied Nanjing in the southern territory of [[Jiangnan]], within ten days First Class Senior Gen. [[Xiang Rong]], in command of 10,000 [[Green Standard Army]] troops, surrounded the walls of the city. The remnants of the former Qing garrison defending Nanjing were barricaded outside city walls inside the [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]]. |
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The remnant Qing forces defending Nanjing were stationed in [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]]. |
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Alongside Xiang Rong, the [[Green Standard Army]] was led by Second Class Senior Gen. [[Her Chyun]] and Lt. Gen. [[Zhang Guoliang]]. The leaders of the Taiping forces were [[Shi Dakai]], [[Yang Xiuqing]], [[Qin Rigang]] ({{lang|zh|秦日綱}}) and [[Li Xiucheng]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf|title=All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom|last=Wacks|first=Gabriel|date=2018|access-date=30 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210301/https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf|archive-date=30 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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The [[regular Army]] numbered 80,000 and the Taiping Rebellion [[militia force]] had 460,000 |
The [[regular Army]] numbered 80,000 troops and the Taiping Rebellion [[Militia|militia force]] had 460,000 men. |
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===Outcome=== |
===Outcome=== |
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On June 1 |
On June 1 the Nanjing army tried to stop Taiping forces but [[Governor]] of [[Jiangsu]] [[Jeer Hungar]] ({{lang|zh|吉爾杭阿}}), the Mayor of Nanjing and their entire army of 7,800 were totally wiped out, with Jeer Hungar being killed by an artillery bomb. |
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The [[Qing]] army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 retreated north. On August 9 [[Xiang Rong]] committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of |
The [[Qing]] army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 troops retreated north. On August 9 [[Xiang Rong]] committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of opium due to the pain of his battle wounds in [[Danyang, Jiangsu|Danyang]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[ |
*[[Battle of Jiangnan (1860)|Second Rout of the Jiangnan Battalion]] |
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*[[Second rout the Army Group Jiangnan]] |
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*[[Second Opium War]] |
*[[Second Opium War]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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*[[Draft History of Qing]] |
*[[Draft History of Qing]] |
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*1. Tucker, Spencer (2017). ''The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History''. Santa Barbara, California: ProQuest. pp. 225. {{ISBN|9781440842948}}. |
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*2. Wacks, Gabriel (2018). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210301/https://muni.illinoismun.org/assets/guides/taiping_jcc.pdf "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom"]''. pp. 31–32. |
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*3. ^ Tucker, pp. 228. |
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{{coord missing|Jiangsu}} |
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[[Category:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty]] |
[[Category:Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty]] |
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[[Category:1856 in China]] |
[[Category:1856 in China]] |
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[[Category:Battles of the Taiping Rebellion|Jiangnan |
[[Category:Battles of the Taiping Rebellion|Jiangnan]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tianjing in the Taiping Rebellion]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:31, 20 April 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2018) |
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (October 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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| First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Qing Dynasty | Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Xiang Rong † Her Chyun Zhang GuoLiang Jeer Hungar † |
Yang Xiuqing Qin Rigang Shi Dakai Li Xiucheng | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
80,000  Green Standard Army | 460,000 militia forces | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| 39,000 killed or wounded | unknown | ||||||||
The First rout of the Jiangnan Battalion (simplified Chinese: 一破江南大营; traditional Chinese: 一破江南大營) took place between 1853 and 1856[1] when the Qing government raised the Green Standard Army to fight against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The action involved Qing forces surrounding the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
First rout of the Jiangnan Army Group
[edit]After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom militia successfully occupied Nanjing in the southern territory of Jiangnan, within ten days First Class Senior Gen. Xiang Rong, in command of 10,000 Green Standard Army troops, surrounded the walls of the city. The remnants of the former Qing garrison defending Nanjing were barricaded outside city walls inside the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum.
Alongside Xiang Rong, the Green Standard Army was led by Second Class Senior Gen. Her Chyun and Lt. Gen. Zhang Guoliang. The leaders of the Taiping forces were Shi Dakai, Yang Xiuqing, Qin Rigang (秦日綱) and Li Xiucheng.[2]
The regular Army numbered 80,000 troops and the Taiping Rebellion militia force had 460,000 men.
Outcome
[edit]On June 1 the Nanjing army tried to stop Taiping forces but Governor of Jiangsu Jeer Hungar (吉爾杭阿), the Mayor of Nanjing and their entire army of 7,800 were totally wiped out, with Jeer Hungar being killed by an artillery bomb.
The Qing army lost another battle later in the month and the remaining 36,000 troops retreated north. On August 9 Xiang Rong committed suicide by hanging himself, although others claimed he had a fatal overdose of opium due to the pain of his battle wounds in Danyang.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Tucker, Spencer (2017). The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History. Santa Barbara, California. pp. 225, 228. ISBN 9781440842948.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Wacks, Gabriel (2018). "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- Draft History of Qing
- 1. Tucker, Spencer (2017). The Roots and Consequences of Civil Wars and Revolutions: Conflicts That Changed World History. Santa Barbara, California: ProQuest. pp. 225. ISBN 9781440842948.
- 2. Wacks, Gabriel (2018). "All Under Heaven: The Royal Court of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom". pp. 31–32.
- 3. ^ Tucker, pp. 228.