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{{Gynaecology-stub}}
The following is a list of instruments that are used in modern [[Obstetrics and gynaecology|Obstetrics and Gynecology]].<ref>Text book of Obstetrics by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 6th Edition, ISBN 81-7381-142-3</ref><ref>Text book of Gynecology by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 4th Edition, ISBN 81-7381-041-9</ref>
The following is a list of instruments that are used in modern [[obstetrics]] and [[gynaecology]].<ref>Text book of Obstetrics by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 6th Edition, {{ISBN|81-7381-142-3}}</ref><ref>Text book of Gynecology by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 4th Edition, {{ISBN|81-7381-041-9}}</ref>

__Forcetoc__


{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
{{Expand list|date=August 2008}}
⚫
== Instruments used in obstetrics and gynecology ==

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Instrument !! Uses
! Instrument !! Uses
|-
|-
| [[Speculum (medical)|Speculum]] || A specialized form of vaginal speculum is the weighted speculum, which consists of a broad half tube which is bent at about a 90 degree angle, with the channel of the tube on the exterior side of the angle. One end of the tube has a roughly spherical metal weight surrounding the channel of the speculum. A weighted speculum is placed in the vagina during vaginal surgery with the patient in the lithotomy position. The weight holds the speculum in place and frees the surgeon's hands for other tasks. ||
| [[Speculum (medical)|Speculum]] ||
|-
|-
| Auvard's speculum ||
| Auvard's speculum || Speculum used in standard vaginal procedures. ||
|-
|-
| Cusco's speculum ||Bivalved self retaining speculum. Its advantage over Sim's speculum is that no assistance is required to hold it in place. Hence, minor procedures like papsmear, IUCD insertions can be performed independently. Its disadvantage is the limited visualization of vagina walls.
| Cusco's speculum ||
|-
|-
| Sim's double-bladed posterior [[vagina]]l speculum ||
| Sim's double-bladed posterior [[vagina]]l speculum ||
Line 32: Line 29:
| [[Forceps]] ||
| [[Forceps]] ||
|-
|-
| Long straight [[haemostatic]] forceps ||
| Long straight [[antihemorrhagic|hemostatic]] forceps ||
|-
|-
| Allis tissue forceps ||
| Allis tissue forceps ||
Line 46: Line 43:
| Kocher's [[artery]] forceps ||
| Kocher's [[artery]] forceps ||
|-
|-
| Kocher's forceps-with toothed jaws <ref>[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/318/7189/995 ABC of labour care: Induction - Chamberlain and Zander 318 (7189): 995 - BMJ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ||
| [[Kocher's forceps]] with toothed jaws <ref>[http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/318/7189/995 ABC of labour care: Induction - Chamberlain and Zander 318 (7189): 995 - BMJ<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ||
|-
|-
| Green-Armytage haemostatic forceps ||
| Green-Armytage hemostatic forceps ||- Can be used during Myomectomy.
|-
|-
| Willet's [[scalp]] traction forceps ||
| Willet's [[scalp]] traction forceps ||
Line 54: Line 51:
| [[Ovum]] forceps ||
| [[Ovum]] forceps ||
|-
|-
| [[Punch biopsy]] forceps ||
| [[Punch biopsy]] forceps ||- Used in Premalignant lesions of the cervix. Its provides a specimen.
|-
|-
| Uterine dressing forceps ||
| Uterine dressing forceps ||
|-
| FemCerv Endocervical Sampler || The FDA cleared disposable FemCerv endocervical Sampler can be used to biopsy the [[endocervical]] canal during [[colposcopy]]or the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. FemCerv is intended to collect a 360° Endocervical tissue sample for histological evaluation. After collection the device is closed to contain and protect the sample within the patented collection chamber. To release the tissue sample the device is opened and the tip swished in a vial of fixative. The sample is then sent to the pathology lab for processing.. ||
|-
| SpiraBrush CX || An [[ectocervical]] [[biopsy]] brush used in place of [[punch forceps]] during [[colposcopy]] to collect a full [[transepithelial]] tissue sample. The resulting sample is then sent to a [[pathology lab]] for evaluation and diagnosis of [[cervical cancer]]. Abnormalities in these samples are similar to those seen in traditional cervical biopsies, and range from reactive [[squamous]] and [[glandular]] epithelial cells to overt invasive [[carcinoma]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Weidner|first=Noel|author2=Cote, Richard J. |author3=Suster, Saul |author4= Weiss, Lawrence M. |title=Modern Surgical Pathology|publisher=Elsevier|year=2009|pages=Chapter 36|url=http://www.expertconsultbook.com/expertconsult/ob/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=none&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3966-2..00036-9--s0180&isbn=978-1-4160-3966-2|isbn=978-1-4160-3966-2|accessdate=29 October 2011}}</ref> ||
|-
| SoftECC || The FDA Compliant disposable Soft-ECC [[endocervical]] curette can be used to biopsy the endocervical canal during [[colposcopy]] or the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. Unlike the conventional sharp endocervical curette, the Soft-ECC is intended to gently frictionally abrade and collect abundant trans-epithelial tissue samples into the patent pending KYLON fabric. The tip device containing the sample can be placed in the fixative vial and transported to the lab. In the lab, the tissue can be easily and efficiently removed from the curette fabric for processing that is identical to the conventional endocervical curettage tissue sample. ||
|-
| SoftBiopsy || The FDA Compliant disposable SoftBiopsy can be used to biopsy the [[exocervix]] and lower genital tract during [[colposcopy]] or when a suspicious lesion is detected. Unlike the “sharp edge” biopsy design of gynecological biopsy devices, the SoftBiopsy design is intended to gently frictionally abrade and collect abundant trans-epithelial tissue samples into the patent pending KYLON fabric. The tip device containing the sample can be placed in the fixative vial and transported to the lab. In the lab, the tissue can be easily and efficiently removed from the curette fabric for processing that is identical to the conventional lower genital tract biopsy or curettage tissue sample. ||
|-
|-
| [[Laminaria]] tent introducing forceps with laminaria tent ||
| [[Laminaria]] tent introducing forceps with laminaria tent ||
Line 86: Line 91:
| •Karman's plastic suction cannula ||
| •Karman's plastic suction cannula ||
|-
|-
| •Hysterosal[[pingography]] cannula ||
| •[[Hysterosalpingography]] cannula ||
|-
|-
| •[[Insufflation]] cannula ||
| •[[Insufflation]] cannula ||
Line 110: Line 115:
| Uterine sound ||
| Uterine sound ||
|-
|-
| [[Cervix|Cervical]] dialators ||
| [[Cervix|Cervical]] dilators ||
|-
|-
| •Hawkin-Ambler's ||
| •Hawkin-Ambler's ||
Line 156: Line 161:
| •Deaver's retractor ||
| •Deaver's retractor ||
|-
|-
| Electronic [[foetal monitor]] with abdominal transducers ||
| Electronic [[cardiotocography|fetal monitor]] with abdominal transducers ||
|-
|-
| Implants ||
| Implants ||
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| [[laparoscopy|Laparoscopic]] instruments for tubal sterilization ||
| [[laparoscopy|Laparoscopic]] instruments for tubal sterilization ||
|-
|-
| •Veress needle ||
| •[[Veress needle]] ||
|-
|-
| •[[Trochar]] ||
| •[[Trochar]] ||
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| •Rubber ||
| •Rubber ||
|-
|-
| Myoma screw || Used to stabilize and manipulate non-degenerating myomas, fibroids or other tissues intended for removal during laparoscopic procedures. ||
| Myoma screw ||
|-
|-
| Towel clips ||
| Towel clips ||
Line 209: Line 214:
|-
|-
| [[Colposcope]] ||
| [[Colposcope]] ||
|-
| [[Perineometer]] ||
|}
|}

=gynecology instruments


<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Axis_traction_device_for_delivery_forceps.jpg|Axis traction device for delivery forceps
File:Axis traction device for delivery forceps.jpg|Axis traction device for delivery forceps
Image:Cusco's_selfretaining_bivalve_vaginal_speculum_behind.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum seen from behind
File:Cusco's selfretaining bivalve vaginal speculum behind.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum seen from behind
Image:Cusco's_selfretaining_bivalve_vaginal_speculum_Left.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the left. It is very much used in taking smears from the vagina for [[Papanicolaou test]] test and routine examinations.
File:Cusco's selfretaining bivalve vaginal speculum Left.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the left. It is very much used in taking smears from the vagina for [[Papanicolaou test]] and routine examinations.
Image:Cusco's_selfretaining_bivalve_vaginal_speculum_open.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (opened) seen from the right
File:Cusco's selfretaining bivalve vaginal speculum open.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (opened) seen from the right
Image:Cusco's_selfretaining_bivalve_vaginal_speculum_Right.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the right
File:Cusco's selfretaining bivalve vaginal speculum Right.jpg|Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the right
Image:Das's_long_curved_delivery_forceps_with_axis_traction_devices_in_place.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade on top: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall)
File:Das's long curved delivery forceps with axis traction devices in place.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade on top: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall)
Image:Das's_long_curved_delivery_forceps_with_axis_traction_devices_in_place_Holding.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade in front: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall). The instrument is held in properly as during a delivery.
File:Das's long curved delivery forceps with axis traction devices in place Holding.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade in front: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall). The instrument is held in properly as during a delivery.
Image:Das's_long_curved_delivery_forceps_loose_blades.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades lying loose. The one with the lock is the left blade (judged with respect to the mother).
File:Das's long curved delivery forceps loose blades.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades lying loose. The one with the lock is the left blade (judged with respect to the mother).
Image:Das's_long_curved_delivery_forceps_Locked_blades.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades locked in place
File:Das's long curved delivery forceps Locked blades.jpg|Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades locked in place
Image:Metallic_Ventouse_cup1.jpg|Metallic cup for the Ventouse suction device used to assist deliveries
File:Metallic Ventouse cup1.jpg|Metallic cup for the Ventouse suction device used to assist deliveries
Image:Sim's_double-bladed_vaginal_speculum.jpg|Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
File:Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum.jpg|Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
Image:Sim's_double-bladed_vaginal_speculum1.jpg|Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
File:Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum1.jpg|Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
Image:Allis_tissue_forceps.jpg|Allis tissue forceps
File:Allis tissue forceps.jpg|Allis tissue forceps
Image:Allis_tissue_forceps1.jpg|Allis tissue forceps
File:Allis tissue forceps1.jpg|Allis tissue forceps
Image:Doyen's_Retractor.jpg|Doyen's retractor
File:Doyen's Retractor.jpg|Doyen's retractor
Image:Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw.jpg|Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw
File:Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw.jpg|Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw
Image:Disposable manual mucous sucker.jpg|Disposable manual mucous sucker
File:Disposable manual mucous sucker.jpg|Disposable manual mucous sucker
Image:Straight needle holding forceps.jpg|Straight needle holding forceps
File:Straight needle holding forceps.jpg|Straight needle holding forceps
Image:Medical_Instruments_OnG_Willet's_scalp_traction_forceps1.jpg|Willet's [[scalp]] [[traction]] forceps
File:Medical Instruments OnG Willet's scalp traction forceps1.jpg|Willet's [[scalp]] [[Traction (orthopedics)|traction]] forceps
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Jardine's_Decapitation_hook_with_knife_view1.jpg|Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
File:Medical Instruments O&G Jardine's Decapitation hook with knife view1.jpg|Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Jardine's_Decapitation_hook_with_knife_view2.jpg|Jardine's [[decapitation]] hook with [[knife]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Jardine's Decapitation hook with knife view2.jpg|Jardine's [[decapitation]] hook with [[knife]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Cranioclast_closed.jpg|A cranioclast
File:Medical Instruments O&G Cranioclast closed.jpg|A cranioclast
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Cranioclast_open.jpg|A [[cranioclast]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Cranioclast open.jpg|A [[cranioclast]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Budine's_cannula.jpg|Budine's [[cannula]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Budine's cannula.jpg|Budine's [[cannula]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Hook_with_crochet.jpg|Hook with crochet
File:Medical Instruments O&G Hook with crochet.jpg|Hook with crochet
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Embryo_scissors.jpg|[[Embryo]] [[scissors]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Embryo scissors.jpg|[[Embryo]] [[scissors]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Oldham's_Perforator.jpg|Oldham's [[perforator]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Oldham's Perforator.jpg|Oldham's [[perforator]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Ayre's_spatula_and_Slide_holding_bottle_open.jpg|Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle(open) used for [[Papanicoulau smear]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle open.jpg|Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle(open) used for [[Papanicoulau smear]]
Image:Medical_Instruments_O&G_Ayre's_spatula_and_Slide_holding_bottle.jpg|Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle - Koplick's jar (open) used for [[Papanicoulau smear]]
File:Medical Instruments O&G Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle.jpg|Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle - Koplick's jar (open) used for [[Papanicoulau smear]]
Image:Medical Instruments O&G Upper-Long straight haemostatic forceps Lower-Kocher's haemostatic forceps.jpg|Upper-Long straight haemostatic forceps;Lower-Kocher's haemostatic forceps
File:Medical Instruments O&G Upper-Long straight haemostatic forceps Lower-Kocher's haemostatic forceps.jpg|Upper-Long straight hemostatic forceps;Lower-Kocher's hemostatic forceps
</gallery>
</gallery>

==See also==

⚫
* [[Instruments used in general medicine]]
* [[Medical procedure]]
* [[Women's health]]


==References==
==References==
Line 254: Line 265:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Instruments Used In Obstetrics And Gynecology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Instruments Used In Obstetrics And Gynecology}}
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Gynaecology]]
[[Category:Medical devices]]
[[Category:Medical lists]]

Latest revision as of 20:40, 29 March 2024

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This gynaecology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

The following is a list of instruments that are used in modern obstetrics and gynaecology.[1][2]

Instrument Uses
Speculum A specialized form of vaginal speculum is the weighted speculum, which consists of a broad half tube which is bent at about a 90 degree angle, with the channel of the tube on the exterior side of the angle. One end of the tube has a roughly spherical metal weight surrounding the channel of the speculum. A weighted speculum is placed in the vagina during vaginal surgery with the patient in the lithotomy position. The weight holds the speculum in place and frees the surgeon's hands for other tasks.
Auvard's speculum Speculum used in standard vaginal procedures.
Cusco's speculum Bivalved self retaining speculum. Its advantage over Sim's speculum is that no assistance is required to hold it in place. Hence, minor procedures like papsmear, IUCD insertions can be performed independently. Its disadvantage is the limited visualization of vagina walls.
Sim's double-bladed posterior vaginal speculum
Scalpel
Vulsellum
Single toothed vulsellum
Multiple toothed vulsellum
Giant vulsellum
Mucus sucker - disposable or metal
Forceps
Long straight hemostatic forceps
Allis tissue forceps
Babcock's forceps
Lanes tissue forceps
Uterus holding forceps
Sponge holding forceps
Kocher's artery forceps
Kocher's forceps with toothed jaws [3]
Green-Armytage hemostatic forceps - Can be used during Myomectomy.
Willet's scalp traction forceps
Ovum forceps
Punch biopsy forceps - Used in Premalignant lesions of the cervix. Its provides a specimen.
Uterine dressing forceps
FemCerv Endocervical Sampler The FDA cleared disposable FemCerv endocervical Sampler can be used to biopsy the endocervical canal during colposcopyor the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. FemCerv is intended to collect a 360° Endocervical tissue sample for histological evaluation. After collection the device is closed to contain and protect the sample within the patented collection chamber. To release the tissue sample the device is opened and the tip swished in a vial of fixative. The sample is then sent to the pathology lab for processing..
SpiraBrush CX An ectocervical biopsy brush used in place of punch forceps during colposcopy to collect a full transepithelial tissue sample. The resulting sample is then sent to a pathology lab for evaluation and diagnosis of cervical cancer. Abnormalities in these samples are similar to those seen in traditional cervical biopsies, and range from reactive squamous and glandular epithelial cells to overt invasive carcinoma.[4]
SoftECC The FDA Compliant disposable Soft-ECC endocervical curette can be used to biopsy the endocervical canal during colposcopy or the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. Unlike the conventional sharp endocervical curette, the Soft-ECC is intended to gently frictionally abrade and collect abundant trans-epithelial tissue samples into the patent pending KYLON fabric. The tip device containing the sample can be placed in the fixative vial and transported to the lab. In the lab, the tissue can be easily and efficiently removed from the curette fabric for processing that is identical to the conventional endocervical curettage tissue sample.
SoftBiopsy The FDA Compliant disposable SoftBiopsy can be used to biopsy the exocervix and lower genital tract during colposcopy or when a suspicious lesion is detected. Unlike the “sharp edge” biopsy design of gynecological biopsy devices, the SoftBiopsy design is intended to gently frictionally abrade and collect abundant trans-epithelial tissue samples into the patent pending KYLON fabric. The tip device containing the sample can be placed in the fixative vial and transported to the lab. In the lab, the tissue can be easily and efficiently removed from the curette fabric for processing that is identical to the conventional lower genital tract biopsy or curettage tissue sample.
Laminaria tent introducing forceps with laminaria tent
•Needle holding forceps
••Straight
••Curved
•Toothed dissecting forceps
•Untoothed dissecting forceps
•Delivery forceps
••Long curved obstetrics forceps
••Das's long curved obstetrics forceps
•• Wrigley's forceps
••Kielland's forceps
Axis traction device
Cannula
•Karman's plastic suction cannula
•Hysterosalpingography cannula
•Insufflation cannula
•Budine's cannula
Scissors
•Episiotomy scissors
•Embryotomy scissors
•Mayo's scissors
•Bonney scissors
•Metzenbaum scissors
•Perineorrhaphy scissors
•Long straight scissors
Uterine sound
Cervical dilators
•Hawkin-Ambler's
•Das
Ventouse cups
•Metallic
•Silastic
Oldham's perforator
Cranioclast
Hook with crochet
Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
Pinnard's stethoscope
Disposable cord-clamp
Curette
•Flushing curette
•Uterine curette
•Sharp curette
•Shaman's curette
Retractors
•Doyen's retractor
•Landon's retractor
•Anterior vaginal wall retractor
•Balfour self-retaining retractor
•Deaver's retractor
Electronic fetal monitor with abdominal transducers
Implants
•Copper-T uterine
•Hormonal implants e.g. Norplant
Laparoscopic instruments for tubal sterilization
•Veress needle
•Trochar
•Cannula
•Hysteroscope
•Telescope
•Coagulators
•Graspers
•Scissors
Spatula and cytobrush
Catheters
•Metallic - male or female
•Rubber
Myoma screw Used to stabilize and manipulate non-degenerating myomas, fibroids or other tissues intended for removal during laparoscopic procedures.
Towel clips
Clamps
•Bonney's myomectomy clamp
•Cervical occlusion clamp
•Barkelay Bonney vaginal clamp
Pessary
•Hodge-Smith type
•Ring type
Colposcope
Perineometer
  • Axis traction device for delivery forceps
    Axis traction device for delivery forceps
  • Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum seen from behind
    Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum seen from behind
  • Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the left. It is very much used in taking smears from the vagina for Papanicolaou test and routine examinations.
    Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the left. It is very much used in taking smears from the vagina for Papanicolaou test and routine examinations.
  • Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (opened) seen from the right
    Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (opened) seen from the right
  • Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the right
    Cusco's self retaining bivalve vaginal speculum (closed) seen from the right
  • Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade on top: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall)
    Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade on top: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall)
  • Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade in front: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall). The instrument is held in properly as during a delivery.
    Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps (shorter in length) with axis traction devices in place, seen from the right side (left blade in front: with respect to the mother's vaginal wall). The instrument is held in properly as during a delivery.
  • Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades lying loose. The one with the lock is the left blade (judged with respect to the mother).
    Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades lying loose. The one with the lock is the left blade (judged with respect to the mother).
  • Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades locked in place
    Das's modification to the long curved delivery forceps with the blades locked in place
  • Metallic cup for the Ventouse suction device used to assist deliveries
    Metallic cup for the Ventouse suction device used to assist deliveries
  • Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
    Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
  • Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
    Sim's double-bladed vaginal speculum
  • Allis tissue forceps
    Allis tissue forceps
  • Allis tissue forceps
    Allis tissue forceps
  • Doyen's retractor
    Doyen's retractor
  • Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw
    Kocher's forceps with toothed jaw
  • Disposable manual mucous sucker
    Disposable manual mucous sucker
  • Straight needle holding forceps
    Straight needle holding forceps
  • Willet's scalp traction forceps
    Willet's scalp traction forceps
  • Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
    Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
  • Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
    Jardine's decapitation hook with knife
  • A cranioclast
    A cranioclast
  • A cranioclast
    A cranioclast
  • Budine's cannula
    Budine's cannula
  • Hook with crochet
    Hook with crochet
  • Embryo scissors
    Embryo scissors
  • Oldham's perforator
    Oldham's perforator
  • Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle(open) used for Papanicoulau smear
    Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle(open) used for Papanicoulau smear
  • Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle - Koplick's jar (open) used for Papanicoulau smear
    Ayre's spatula and Slide holding bottle - Koplick's jar (open) used for Papanicoulau smear
  • Upper-Long straight hemostatic forceps;Lower-Kocher's hemostatic forceps
    Upper-Long straight hemostatic forceps;Lower-Kocher's hemostatic forceps

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Text book of Obstetrics by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 6th Edition, ISBN 81-7381-142-3
  2. ^ Text book of Gynecology by Dr. D. C. Dutta, 4th Edition, ISBN 81-7381-041-9
  3. ^ ABC of labour care: Induction - Chamberlain and Zander 318 (7189): 995 - BMJ
  4. ^ Weidner, Noel; Cote, Richard J.; Suster, Saul; Weiss, Lawrence M. (2009). Modern Surgical Pathology. Elsevier. pp. Chapter 36. ISBN 978-1-4160-3966-2. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
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