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{{other uses|The Thinker (disambiguation)}}{{Short description|Middle Bronze Age clay figurine}}
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The '''Thinker from Yehud''', also known as the '''Thinker of Palestine''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ζηνων |date=2017-09-11 |title=Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες: ΟΙ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΣΤΟΧΑΣΤΕΣ, ΤΗΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΤΣΑΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΛΑΙΣΤΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΡΟΝΤΕΝ. |url=https://autochthonesellhnes.blogspot.com/2017/09/blog-post_11.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες}}</ref> is an archaeological [[figurine]] discovered during salvage excavations in the Israeli city of [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]]. The figurine, which sits atop a ceramic jug in a posture resembling Rodin's famous sculpture "[[The Thinker]]," dates back to the [[Middle Bronze Age|Middle Bronze Age II]] Palestine (c. 1800–1600 B.C.E.). It was found in a tomb accompanied by various items, including daggers, spearheads, an axe head, a knife, two male sheep, and a donkey, all likely buried as offerings. After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored before being displayed in the Canaanite Galleries of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
{{italic title}}{{Infobox artifact
| discovered_date = 2016
| image = Thinker from Yehud.jpeg
| discovered_place = [[Yehud, Israel]]
| period = [[Middle Bronze Age]] II (2200-1500 BC)
| location = [[Israel Museum]], [[Jerusalem|West Jerusalem]]
| native_artifact_name = Thinker of Palestine
| material = Clay
| height = {{convert|18|cm|in}}
| created =
}}

⚫
The '''Thinker from Yehud''', also known as the '''Thinker of Palestine''',<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ζηνων |date=2017-09-11 |title=Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες: ΟΙ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΣΤΟΧΑΣΤΕΣ, ΤΗΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΤΣΑΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΛΑΙΣΤΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΡΟΝΤΕΝ. |url=https://autochthonesellhnes.blogspot.com/2017/09/blog-post_11.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630194623/https://autochthonesellhnes.blogspot.com/2017/09/blog-post_11.html |url-status=live }}</ref> is an archaeological [[figurine]] discovered during salvage excavations in the Israeli city of [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]]. The figurine, which sits atop a ceramic jug in a posture resembling Rodin's famous sculpture "[[The Thinker]]," dates back to the [[Middle Bronze Age|Middle Bronze Age II]] Palestine ({{Circa}} 1800–1600 B.C.E.). It was found in a tomb accompanied by various items, including daggers, spearheads, an axe head, a knife, two male sheep, and a donkey, all likely buried as offerings. After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored before being displayed in the [[Canaanite religion|Canaanite]] Galleries of the [[Israel Museum]] in Jerusalem.


== Discovery ==
== Discovery ==
The Thinker from Yehud,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-06-01 |title=The Thinker from Yehud - Biblical Archaeology Society |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/exhibits-events/the-thinker-from-yehud/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Biblical Archaeology Society - |language=en}}</ref> also known as the Thinker of Palestine,<ref name=":1" /> is an archaeological clay male [[figurine]], which is a part of a vase and more specifically of a prochos. The find was revealed on 23 November 2016 in excavations carried out by the Authority in [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]], a suburb of the city of [[Tel Aviv]], just north of [[Ben Gurion Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Rhodi |date=2016-11-25 |title=Bronze Age 'Thinker': Ancient Clay Figurine Seated On Top Of Ceramic Jug Discovered In Israel |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/186997/20161125/bronze-age-thinker-ancient-clay-figurine-seated-on-top-of-ceramic-jug-discovered-in-israel.htm |website=Tech Times}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-11-25 |title=Ancient 'Thinker' Statuette Found on Jug in Israel |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-contemplative-statuette-found-on-jug-in-israel-761387 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}}</ref> According to Israeli archaeologists, the vase is a typical example of the [[Middle Bronze Age|Middle Bronze Age II]] (2200-1500 BC) in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and dates back to around 1800–1600 B.C.E.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-11-24 |title=3,800-year-old "thinker" attached to a pot unearthed in Yehud |url=https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2016/11/24/3800-year-old-thinker-attached-pot-unearthed-yehud/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Archaeology Wiki |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Thinker from Yehud,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-06-01 |title=The Thinker from Yehud - Biblical Archaeology Society |url=https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/exhibits-events/the-thinker-from-yehud/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Biblical Archaeology Society - |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200819/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/exhibits-events/the-thinker-from-yehud/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5" /> also known as the Thinker of Palestine,<ref name=":1" /> is an archaeological clay male [[figurine]], which is a part of a vase and more specifically of a prochos. The find was revealed on 23 November 2016 in excavations carried out by the Authority in [[Yehud, Israel|Yehud]], a suburb of the city of [[Tel Aviv]], just north of [[Ben Gurion Airport]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Rhodi |date=2016-11-25 |title=Bronze Age 'Thinker': Ancient Clay Figurine Seated On Top Of Ceramic Jug Discovered In Israel |url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/186997/20161125/bronze-age-thinker-ancient-clay-figurine-seated-on-top-of-ceramic-jug-discovered-in-israel.htm |website=Tech Times |access-date=2023-06-30 |archive-date=2021-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023132450/https://www.techtimes.com/articles/186997/20161125/bronze-age-thinker-ancient-clay-figurine-seated-on-top-of-ceramic-jug-discovered-in-israel.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-11-25 |title=Ancient 'Thinker' Statuette Found on Jug in Israel |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-contemplative-statuette-found-on-jug-in-israel-761387 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Artnet News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630221325/https://news.artnet.com/art-world/ancient-contemplative-statuette-found-on-jug-in-israel-761387 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Israeli archaeologists, the vase is a typical example of the [[Middle Bronze Age|Middle Bronze Age II]] (2200-1500 BC) in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] and dates back to around 1800–1600 B.C.E.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-11-24 |title=3,800-year-old "thinker" attached to a pot unearthed in Yehud |url=https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2016/11/24/3800-year-old-thinker-attached-pot-unearthed-yehud/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Archaeology Wiki |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630230226/https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2016/11/24/3800-year-old-thinker-attached-pot-unearthed-yehud/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Desciption and purpose ==
== Description and purpose ==
After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fleur |first=Nicholas St |date=2016-11-29 |title=3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/science/rodin-thinker-statue-israel.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The peculiarity of the vessel lies in the presence of the clay male figure, which was affixed to the upper part of the vessel after its construction.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=4000-year-old Version of Rodin's 'Thinker' Found in Israel |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2016-11-23/ty-article-magazine/4-000-year-old-version-of-the-thinker-found-in-israel/0000017f-e840-dc7e-adff-f8edbd980000 |access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref> The procho's neck served as the base for forming the upper part of the statuette, while the legs, arms and face were added afterwards. It is unknown whether this was done by the potter himself or by a different craftsman.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zion |first=Ilan Ben |title=Clay figurine is Bronze Age ancestor of Rodin's 'Thinker' |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/clay-figurine-is-bronze-age-ancestor-of-rodins-thinker/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fleur |first=Nicholas St |date=2016-11-29 |title=3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/science/rodin-thinker-statue-israel.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630221326/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/29/science/rodin-thinker-statue-israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The peculiarity of the vessel lies in the presence of the clay male figure, which was affixed to the upper part of the vessel after its construction.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=4000-year-old Version of Rodin's 'Thinker' Found in Israel |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2016-11-23/ty-article-magazine/4-000-year-old-version-of-the-thinker-found-in-israel/0000017f-e840-dc7e-adff-f8edbd980000 |access-date=2023-06-30 |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202200557/https://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/2016-11-23/ty-article-magazine/4-000-year-old-version-of-the-thinker-found-in-israel/0000017f-e840-dc7e-adff-f8edbd980000 |url-status=live }}</ref> The procho's neck served as the base for forming the upper part of the statuette, while the legs, arms and face were added afterwards. It is unknown whether this was done by the potter himself or by a different craftsman.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Zion |first=Ilan Ben |title=Clay figurine is Bronze Age ancestor of Rodin's 'Thinker' |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/clay-figurine-is-bronze-age-ancestor-of-rodins-thinker/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630221147/https://www.timesofisrael.com/clay-figurine-is-bronze-age-ancestor-of-rodins-thinker/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


The figurine is {{Convert|18|cm|in}} high and depicts a seated male figure,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-23 |title=Israeli scientists unearth rare 'thinker' figurine |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/israeli-scientists-unearth-rare-thinker-figurine-152109685.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-SG}}</ref> who supports his face with his right hand in a contemplative posture.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-16 |title=Strata: The Thinker from Yehud |url=https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/46/3/16 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=The BAS Library |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLancey |first=Dr John |date=2016-11-28 |title=The "Thinking Man" Statue Found in Israel |url=https://biblicalisraeltours.com/2016/11/the-thinking-man/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Biblical Israel Tours |language=en-US}}</ref> The figurine is seated with the body positioned on top of a ceramic jug. The figure's face is resting on one hand, with the elbow placed on the knee or thigh, suggesting a posture of introspection and reflection.<ref name=":2" /> The head is slightly inclined downward, emphasizing the focus and concentration of the individual. The construction of the form captures in a unique way the details of the body, but also the expressive features of the face.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Thinker" Statuette Uncovered in Israel - Archaeology Magazine |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/5039-161123-israel-thinker-figurine |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Archaeology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3,800-Year-Old Sculpture Of Pensive 'Thinker' Uncovered In Israel |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/3-800-year-old-sculpture-of-pensive-thinker-uncovered-in-israel-1630838 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
The figurine is {{Convert|18|cm|in}} high and depicts a seated male figure,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-23 |title=Israeli scientists unearth rare 'thinker' figurine |url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/israeli-scientists-unearth-rare-thinker-figurine-152109685.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-SG |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200816/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/israeli-scientists-unearth-rare-thinker-figurine-152109685.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who supports his face with his right hand in a contemplative posture.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-04-16 |title=Strata: The Thinker from Yehud |url=https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/46/3/16 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=The BAS Library |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200829/https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/46/3/16 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DeLancey |first=Dr John |date=2016-11-28 |title=The "Thinking Man" Statue Found in Israel |url=https://biblicalisraeltours.com/2016/11/the-thinking-man/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Biblical Israel Tours |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329073430/https://biblicalisraeltours.com/2016/11/the-thinking-man/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The figurine is seated with the body positioned on top of a ceramic jug. The figure's face is resting on one hand, with the elbow placed on the knee or thigh, suggesting a posture of introspection and reflection.<ref name=":2" /> The head is slightly inclined downward, emphasizing the focus and concentration of the individual. The construction of the form captures in a unique way the details of the body, but also the expressive features of the face.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Thinker" Statuette Uncovered in Israel - Archaeology Magazine |url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/5039-161123-israel-thinker-figurine |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Archaeology |archive-date=2023-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230624090152/https://www.archaeology.org/news/5039-161123-israel-thinker-figurine |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=3,800-Year-Old Sculpture Of Pensive 'Thinker' Uncovered In Israel |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/3-800-year-old-sculpture-of-pensive-thinker-uncovered-in-israel-1630838 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200817/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/3-800-year-old-sculpture-of-pensive-thinker-uncovered-in-israel-1630838 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Other objects, such as vases, arrowheads, swords, but also the bones of sheep, and probably of a donkey, were also found near the place where it was found.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=David.DeMar |date=2016-11-26 |title=Newly Discovered Sculpture Looks Like Rodin's "Thinker" |url=https://www.newhistorian.com/2016/11/26/newly-discovered-sculpture-looks-like-rodins-thinker/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=New Historian |language=en-US}}</ref> Gilad Itach, head of the excavations and doctoral candidate at [[Bar-Ilan University]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Gabe |date=2016-11-30 |title=Israeli archaeologists find 3,800-year-old artifact resembling Rodin's 'Thinker' |url=https://www.jta.org/2016/11/30/israel/israeli-archaeologists-find-3800-year-old-artifact-resembling-rodins-thinker |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> speculates that this is a set of burial offerings, probably in honor of an important person of the community there.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Stephanie Pappas |date=2016-11-23 |title=4,000-Year-Old 'Thinker' Sculpture Uncovered in Israel |url=https://www.livescience.com/56986-ancient-thinker-sculpture-uncovered-in-israel.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-12-02 |title=Trilobites: 3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel {{!}} Arabian Post |url=https://thearabianpost.com/trilobites-3800-year-old-statue-resembling-the-thinker-found-in-israel/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Arabian Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-11-23 |title=Bizarre 3,800-year-old 'thinking person' jug found in Tel Aviv suburb |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/~/article-3964308/index.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Daily Mail}}</ref> At the beginning of the year, a total of 94 graves were found near the spot where the "thinker" was found, also dating to the Middle Bronze Age.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-23 |title=3,800-Year-Old Ancient 'Thinking Person' Statuette Unearthed |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ancient-artifacts-unearthed_n_5835aa8ee4b09b6055ffb4b9 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
Other objects, such as vases, arrowheads, swords, but also the bones of sheep, and probably of a donkey, were also found near the place where it was found.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=David.DeMar |date=2016-11-26 |title=Newly Discovered Sculpture Looks Like Rodin's "Thinker" |url=https://www.newhistorian.com/2016/11/26/newly-discovered-sculpture-looks-like-rodins-thinker/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=New Historian |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630205332/https://www.newhistorian.com/2016/11/26/newly-discovered-sculpture-looks-like-rodins-thinker/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gilad Itach, head of the excavations and doctoral candidate at [[Bar-Ilan University]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Gabe |date=2016-11-30 |title=Israeli archaeologists find 3,800-year-old artifact resembling Rodin's 'Thinker' |url=https://www.jta.org/2016/11/30/israel/israeli-archaeologists-find-3800-year-old-artifact-resembling-rodins-thinker |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200819/https://www.jta.org/2016/11/30/israel/israeli-archaeologists-find-3800-year-old-artifact-resembling-rodins-thinker |url-status=live }}</ref> speculates that this is a set of burial offerings, probably in honor of an important person of the community there.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Stephanie Pappas |date=2016-11-23 |title=4,000-Year-Old 'Thinker' Sculpture Uncovered in Israel |url=https://www.livescience.com/56986-ancient-thinker-sculpture-uncovered-in-israel.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=livescience.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200819/https://www.livescience.com/56986-ancient-thinker-sculpture-uncovered-in-israel.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2016-12-02 |title=Trilobites: 3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel {{!}} Arabian Post |url=https://thearabianpost.com/trilobites-3800-year-old-statue-resembling-the-thinker-found-in-israel/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Arabian Post |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707130237/https://thearabianpost.com/trilobites-3800-year-old-statue-resembling-the-thinker-found-in-israel/ |url-status=live }}</ref> At the beginning of the year, a total of 94 graves were found near the spot where the "thinker" was found, also dating to the Middle Bronze Age.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-23 |title=3,800-Year-Old Ancient 'Thinking Person' Statuette Unearthed |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ancient-artifacts-unearthed_n_5835aa8ee4b09b6055ffb4b9 |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=HuffPost |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630200821/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/ancient-artifacts-unearthed_n_5835aa8ee4b09b6055ffb4b9 |url-status=live }}</ref>


The Middle Bronze Age period has been characterized as one of the longest and darkest periods in the history of Palestine and many interpretations and opinions have been put forward by scholars. The era is characterized by the influences from neighboring peoples, such as the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]], the [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamians]] and even the [[Minoan civilization|Minoans]], with various trade relations, the development of new types of pottery, the extensive use of copper and the cultivation of the vine. The people of the period seem to have had a developed degree of ideology and, as evidenced by their burial customs, they believed in some kind of afterlife.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-12-26 |title=Israeli Archaeologists Find Unique 3,800-Year-Old Ceramic Vessel {{!}} Sci.News |url=https://www.sci.news/archaeology/ceramic-vessel-thinker-04485.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Sci.News: Breaking Science News |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Middle Bronze Age period has been characterized as one of the longest and darkest periods in the history of Palestine and many interpretations and opinions have been put forward by scholars. The era is characterized by the influences from neighboring peoples, such as the [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptians]], the [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamians]] and even the [[Minoan civilization|Minoans]], with various trade relations, the development of new types of pottery, the extensive use of copper and the cultivation of the vine. The people of the period seem to have had a developed degree of ideology and, as evidenced by their burial customs, they believed in some kind of afterlife.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-12-26 |title=Israeli Archaeologists Find Unique 3,800-Year-Old Ceramic Vessel {{!}} Sci.News |url=https://www.sci.news/archaeology/ceramic-vessel-thinker-04485.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Sci.News: Breaking Science News |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630221325/https://www.sci.news/archaeology/ceramic-vessel-thinker-04485.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


The recent finding of the "thinking" man seems to argue for the existence of a developed ideology of some type in this period, while it is impossible not to refer us to similar timeless types, such as the "[[Karditsa Thinker]]" of the Neolithic era or even of [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]]'s "[[The Thinker]]" in modern times.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-23 |title=Israel unveils Bronze Age 'Thinker' figurine |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38080041 |access-date=2023-06-30}}</ref> The figuirne is displayed in the [[Canaanite religion|Canaanite]] Galleries of the [[Israel Museum]] in Jerusalem.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":0" />
The recent finding of the "thinking" man seems to argue for the existence of a developed ideology of some type in this period, while it is impossible not to refer us to similar timeless types, such as the "[[Karditsa Thinker]]" of the Neolithic era or even of [[Auguste Rodin|Rodin]]'s "[[The Thinker]]" in modern times.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-23 |title=Israel unveils Bronze Age 'Thinker' figurine |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38080041 |access-date=2023-06-30 |archive-date=2023-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701085020/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38080041 |url-status=live }}</ref> The figurine is displayed in the [[Canaanite religion|Canaanite]] Galleries of the [[Israel Museum]] in West Jerusalem.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":0" />


== References ==
== References ==
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* {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da1kkISKEag&ab_channel=SciNews |title=The thinker of Yehud, a 3800 year old figurine |date=2016-11-23 |last=SciNews |type=YouTube |language=en}}
* {{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da1kkISKEag&ab_channel=SciNews |title=The thinker of Yehud, a 3800 year old figurine |date=2016-11-23 |last=SciNews |type=YouTube |language=en}}

[[Category:Clay sculptures]]
[[Category:Israel Museum]]
[[Category:Terracotta sculptures]]
[[Category:18th-century BC works]]
[[Category:17th-century BC works]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Israel]]
[[Category:2016 archaeological discoveries]]

Latest revision as of 20:22, 27 February 2024

For other uses, see The Thinker (disambiguation).
Thinker from Yehud
Thinker of Palestine
MaterialClay
Height18 centimetres (7.1 in)
Period/cultureMiddle Bronze Age II (2200-1500 BC)
Discovered2016
Yehud, Israel
Present locationIsrael Museum, West Jerusalem

The Thinker from Yehud, also known as the Thinker of Palestine,[1] is an archaeological figurine discovered during salvage excavations in the Israeli city of Yehud. The figurine, which sits atop a ceramic jug in a posture resembling Rodin's famous sculpture "The Thinker," dates back to the Middle Bronze Age II Palestine (c. 1800–1600 B.C.E.). It was found in a tomb accompanied by various items, including daggers, spearheads, an axe head, a knife, two male sheep, and a donkey, all likely buried as offerings. After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored before being displayed in the Canaanite Galleries of the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.

Discovery

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The Thinker from Yehud,[2][3] also known as the Thinker of Palestine,[1] is an archaeological clay male figurine, which is a part of a vase and more specifically of a prochos. The find was revealed on 23 November 2016 in excavations carried out by the Authority in Yehud, a suburb of the city of Tel Aviv, just north of Ben Gurion Airport.[4][3][5] According to Israeli archaeologists, the vase is a typical example of the Middle Bronze Age II (2200-1500 BC) in Palestine and dates back to around 1800–1600 B.C.E.[1][6][7]

Description and purpose

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After its discovery, the broken jug had to be stabilised and restored.[8] The peculiarity of the vessel lies in the presence of the clay male figure, which was affixed to the upper part of the vessel after its construction.[9] The procho's neck served as the base for forming the upper part of the statuette, while the legs, arms and face were added afterwards. It is unknown whether this was done by the potter himself or by a different craftsman.[1][6]

The figurine is 18 centimetres (7.1 in) high and depicts a seated male figure,[10] who supports his face with his right hand in a contemplative posture.[3][11] The figurine is seated with the body positioned on top of a ceramic jug. The figure's face is resting on one hand, with the elbow placed on the knee or thigh, suggesting a posture of introspection and reflection.[9] The head is slightly inclined downward, emphasizing the focus and concentration of the individual. The construction of the form captures in a unique way the details of the body, but also the expressive features of the face.[12][13]

Other objects, such as vases, arrowheads, swords, but also the bones of sheep, and probably of a donkey, were also found near the place where it was found.[6][14] Gilad Itach, head of the excavations and doctoral candidate at Bar-Ilan University,[15] speculates that this is a set of burial offerings, probably in honor of an important person of the community there.[16][17] At the beginning of the year, a total of 94 graves were found near the spot where the "thinker" was found, also dating to the Middle Bronze Age.[1][18]

The Middle Bronze Age period has been characterized as one of the longest and darkest periods in the history of Palestine and many interpretations and opinions have been put forward by scholars. The era is characterized by the influences from neighboring peoples, such as the Egyptians, the Mesopotamians and even the Minoans, with various trade relations, the development of new types of pottery, the extensive use of copper and the cultivation of the vine. The people of the period seem to have had a developed degree of ideology and, as evidenced by their burial customs, they believed in some kind of afterlife.[1][19]

The recent finding of the "thinking" man seems to argue for the existence of a developed ideology of some type in this period, while it is impossible not to refer us to similar timeless types, such as the "Karditsa Thinker" of the Neolithic era or even of Rodin's "The Thinker" in modern times.[1][9][20] The figurine is displayed in the Canaanite Galleries of the Israel Museum in West Jerusalem.[3][2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Ζηνων (2017-09-11). "Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες: ΟΙ ΤΡΕΙΣ ΣΤΟΧΑΣΤΕΣ, ΤΗΣ ΚΑΡΔΙΤΣΑΣ, ΤΗΣ ΠΑΛΑΙΣΤΙΝΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΟΥ ΡΟΝΤΕΝ". Αυτόχθονες Έλληνες. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  2. ^ a b "The Thinker from Yehud - Biblical Archaeology Society". Biblical Archaeology Society -. 2020-06-01. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  3. ^ a b c d "Strata: The Thinker from Yehud". The BAS Library. 2020-04-16. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  4. ^ Lee, Rhodi (2016-11-25). "Bronze Age 'Thinker': Ancient Clay Figurine Seated On Top Of Ceramic Jug Discovered In Israel". Tech Times. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  5. ^ "Ancient 'Thinker' Statuette Found on Jug in Israel". Artnet News. 2016-11-25. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  6. ^ a b c Zion, Ilan Ben. "Clay figurine is Bronze Age ancestor of Rodin's 'Thinker'". www.timesofisrael.com. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  7. ^ "3,800-year-old "thinker" attached to a pot unearthed in Yehud". Archaeology Wiki. 2016-11-24. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  8. ^ Fleur, Nicholas St (2016-11-29). "3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  9. ^ a b c "4000-year-old Version of Rodin's 'Thinker' Found in Israel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  10. ^ "Israeli scientists unearth rare 'thinker' figurine". Yahoo News. 2016-11-23. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  11. ^ DeLancey, Dr John (2016-11-28). "The "Thinking Man" Statue Found in Israel". Biblical Israel Tours. Archived from the original on 2023-03-29. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  12. ^ ""Thinker" Statuette Uncovered in Israel - Archaeology Magazine". Archaeology. Archived from the original on 2023-06-24. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  13. ^ "3,800-Year-Old Sculpture Of Pensive 'Thinker' Uncovered In Israel". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  14. ^ David.DeMar (2016-11-26). "Newly Discovered Sculpture Looks Like Rodin's "Thinker"". New Historian. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  15. ^ Friedman, Gabe (2016-11-30). "Israeli archaeologists find 3,800-year-old artifact resembling Rodin's 'Thinker'". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  16. ^ Stephanie Pappas (2016-11-23). "4,000-Year-Old 'Thinker' Sculpture Uncovered in Israel". livescience.com. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  17. ^ "Trilobites: 3,800-Year-Old Statue Resembling 'The Thinker' Found in Israel | Arabian Post". Arabian Post. 2016-12-02. Archived from the original on 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  18. ^ "3,800-Year-Old Ancient 'Thinking Person' Statuette Unearthed". HuffPost. 2016-11-23. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  19. ^ "Israeli Archaeologists Find Unique 3,800-Year-Old Ceramic Vessel | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. 2016-12-26. Archived from the original on 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
  20. ^ "Israel unveils Bronze Age 'Thinker' figurine". BBC News. 2016-11-23. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-30.
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