Slipper clutch: Difference between revisions
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Entranced98 (talk | contribs) Importing Wikidata short description: "Type of clutch designed for motorcycles" |
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{{Short description|Type of clutch designed for motorcycles}} |
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{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2011}} |
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==Introduction== |
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A '''slipper clutch''' ''(also known as a |
A '''slipper clutch''' ''(also known as a '''back-torque limiter''')'' is a specialized [[clutch]] with an integrated [[freewheel]] mechanism, developed for performance-oriented [[motorcycle]]s to mitigate the effects of [[engine braking]] when riders decelerate. |
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The main purpose of a slipper clutch is to prevent over engine rev and rear wheel hop (or clatter) especially under hard braking in a vehicle (usually performance motorcycles). It does so by partially slipping until the engine's speed matches with the vehicle's speed upon sudden braking.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.motorcyclistonline.com/mc-garage-video-how-motorcycle-slipper-clutches-work-and-why-theyre-awesome|title=MC Garage Video: How Motorcycle Slipper Clutches Work and Why They're Awesome|work=Motorcyclist|access-date=2018-03-19|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bikeadvice.in/slipper-clutch-how-works/|title=Slipper Clutch; Working, Advantages & Disadvantages|website=bikeadvice.in|date=7 March 2018|language=en-US|access-date=2018-03-19}}</ref> |
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In normal clutches, the engine braking force is transmitted to rear wheel via chain drive or shaft drive which causes rear wheel to shake, jump or lose traction. This is the main concept behind slipper clutch to control rear wheel under hard braking and downshifting that causes the rear wheel to shake or lose traction.Slipper clutches eliminate this extra loading on the rear suspension giving riders a more predictable ride and minimize the risk of over-reving the engine during downshifts. Slipper clutches can also prevent a catastrophic rear wheel lockup in case of engine seizure or transmission failure. Generally, the amount of force needed to disengage the clutch is adjustable to suit the application. |
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They are designed to partially disengage or "slip" when the rear wheel tries to drive the engine faster than it would run under its own power. Especially in higher displacement bike where the engine braking force is massive and cause vital injury to rider if not controlled. |
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== Design == |
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Slipper clutches have been used in most high displacement four stroke racing motorcycles since the early 1980s. Slipper clutches were introduced in the 1970s by John Gregory and TC Christenson on "Hogslayer" the most successful drag racing motorcycle of the 1970s. Made of bronze sintered plates from an earthmover and a Rambler 2 speed transmission, the drivetrain let TC reach 180 mph in the quarter mile. Slipper clutches are used on many current [[sport bike]]s. |
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The slipper clutch consists of two bases, one with [[dog clutch]]es and ramps with [[ball bearing]]s, a splined hub, and clutch plates. In normal operation, the dog clutches mate, driving the transmission. When a back torque comes from the transmission, the splined hub slides up the bearing ramps, disconnecting from the clutch plates and allowing a limited slip between input and output. |
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| ⚫ | |||
This type of clutch is designed to partially disengage or "slip" when the rear wheel tries to drive the engine faster than it would run under its own power. The engine braking forces in conventional clutches will normally be transmitted back along the [[drive chain]] causing the rear wheel to hop, chatter or lose traction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoffregen |first=Jürgen |url=https://buycarparts.co.uk/freewheel-clutch |title=Motorradtechnik: Grundlagen und Konzepte von Motor, Antrieb und Fahrwerk |date=2012-03-28 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-8348-2180-5 |language=de}}</ref> This is especially noted on larger displacement [[four-stroke engine]]s, which have greater engine braking than their [[two-stroke]] or smaller displacement counterparts. Slipper clutches eliminate this extra loading on the rear suspension, giving riders a more predictable ride and minimize the risk of over-revving the engine during downshifts. Slipper clutches can also prevent a catastrophic rear wheel lockup in case of engine seizure. Generally, the amount of force needed to disengage the clutch is adjustable to suit the application. |
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| ⚫ | One-way [[sprag clutch]]es have also been used for the same purpose, but are generally not adjustable for disengagement force. Early Honda Shadow models used a design wherein a sprag clutch is connected to just half of the clutch friction plates, allowing the clutch to slip during heavy backloading sufficiently to prevent rear-wheel lockup, while still allowing moderate engine compression braking with the remaining friction plates. |
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==Working priciple== |
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During massive deceleration or hard breaking the torque forces the ramps together. To absorb engine braking force the ramps slide up on each other. This action lifts the hub up from the base, in the direction of pressure plate. It slides until the entire braking force is absorbed and then act like a normal clutch. This mechanism is called “spring loaded ball sliding up ramp”. The above process absorbs the engine braking force and partially disengages the clutch form the engine. |
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==Clutch Stake height== |
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Clutch stack height is more critical in a slipper clutch than in a normal clutch. The slipper clutch tends to work the best with a clutch stack height that is about 1mm more than the distance between the clutch hub base and the pressure plate. |
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==Cutch Plate== |
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Clutch plate order for slipper clutches may vary from the original method due to the clutch hub lifting off of the base. Some clutch plates includes special friction plate and judder spring apart from steel plate and friction plate to engage the clutch smoother. In such condition the first plate which is closest to the engine should be a friction plate. The second plate is a steel plate after that a special friction and judder spring comes. There after the above said order continue. |
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==Advantages of slipper clutch over normal clutch== |
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*The slipper clutch reduces sudden forces on the inside of the transmission and hence, reduces wear and tear on the transmission |
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*The correctly installed slipper clutch improves performance. |
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*It can prevent disastrous rear wheel lock up in case of engine seizure or transmission failure. |
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*It also reduces work of suspension by absorbing engine braking force hence less bumpy ride while cornering. |
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*The rider does not need to concentrate on clutch operation which allows him concentrate on other things such as body posture, braking etc. while cornering. |
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==Disadvantages== |
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*It’s mechanically complexity. Some slipper clutches are really complex to install and deal with (not many of them). |
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*They are expensive (not against the saving they make by reducing wear and tear of transmission, less suspension movement and increased rider safety). |
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*Sometimes you really need the engine braking force to slow down the bike which can work against in case of slipper clutch. |
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*Slipper clutch can’t give desired result if not adjusted according to requirement. |
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Except for the fact that the slipper clutch does not give immediate breaking force , all the other disadvantages can be overlooked with the number of advantages it has. |
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| ⚫ | Slipper clutches have also been used to a lesser extent on automobiles, primarily those powered by motorcycle engines. They can also be found on racing [[remote control car]]s.{{cn|date=November 2016}} Some [[experimental aircraft]] use a slipper clutch to control torsional resonance in the drive train and protect the engine from shock in the event of a propeller strike.{{cn|date=November 2016}} A slipper clutch for an automobile was patented with a French priority date of 1953 to J.Maurice et al.<ref>[https://www.google.co.in/patents/US3072234 US patent 3072234]</ref> The principle of this slipper is identical to that used in modern motorcycles. |
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| ⚫ | One-way [[sprag clutch]]es have also been used for the same purpose, but are generally not adjustable for disengagement force. Early Honda Shadow models used a design wherein a sprag clutch is connected to just half of the clutch friction plates, allowing the clutch to slip during heavy backloading sufficiently to prevent rear-wheel lockup, while still allowing moderate engine compression braking with the remaining friction plates. |
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== History == |
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Slipper clutches have been used in most high displacement [[four stroke]] [[road racing]] motorcycles since the early 1980s, having been introduced on the [[Honda NR500]] in 1982<ref>{{cite news |title=Slipper Assist Clutches Are Appearing On More New Motorcycles |url=https://www.cycleworld.com/slipper-assist-clutches-are-appearing-on-more-new-motorcycles/ |work=Cycle World |date=May 10, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> in [[MotoGP|500GP]]. Slipper clutches are now fitted to many current [[sport bike]]s. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Freewheel]] |
* [[Freewheel]] |
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* [[Clutch]] |
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* [[Sprag clutch]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist|30em}} |
{{reflist|30em}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*http://bikeadvice.in/bikers-guide/ |
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{{refend}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Motorcycle-stub}} |
{{Motorcycle-stub}} |
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[[de:Anti-Hopping-Kupplung]] |
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[[nl:Slipkoppeling]] |
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[[ja:バックトルクリミッター]] |
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Latest revision as of 19:55, 1 February 2024
 | This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (March 2011) |
A slipper clutch (also known as a back-torque limiter) is a specialized clutch with an integrated freewheel mechanism, developed for performance-oriented motorcycles to mitigate the effects of engine braking when riders decelerate.
The main purpose of a slipper clutch is to prevent over engine rev and rear wheel hop (or clatter) especially under hard braking in a vehicle (usually performance motorcycles). It does so by partially slipping until the engine's speed matches with the vehicle's speed upon sudden braking.[1][2]
Design
[edit]The slipper clutch consists of two bases, one with dog clutches and ramps with ball bearings, a splined hub, and clutch plates. In normal operation, the dog clutches mate, driving the transmission. When a back torque comes from the transmission, the splined hub slides up the bearing ramps, disconnecting from the clutch plates and allowing a limited slip between input and output.
This type of clutch is designed to partially disengage or "slip" when the rear wheel tries to drive the engine faster than it would run under its own power. The engine braking forces in conventional clutches will normally be transmitted back along the drive chain causing the rear wheel to hop, chatter or lose traction.[3] This is especially noted on larger displacement four-stroke engines, which have greater engine braking than their two-stroke or smaller displacement counterparts. Slipper clutches eliminate this extra loading on the rear suspension, giving riders a more predictable ride and minimize the risk of over-revving the engine during downshifts. Slipper clutches can also prevent a catastrophic rear wheel lockup in case of engine seizure. Generally, the amount of force needed to disengage the clutch is adjustable to suit the application.
Slipper clutches have also been used to a lesser extent on automobiles, primarily those powered by motorcycle engines. They can also be found on racing remote control cars.[citation needed] Some experimental aircraft use a slipper clutch to control torsional resonance in the drive train and protect the engine from shock in the event of a propeller strike.[citation needed] A slipper clutch for an automobile was patented with a French priority date of 1953 to J.Maurice et al.[4] The principle of this slipper is identical to that used in modern motorcycles.
One-way sprag clutches have also been used for the same purpose, but are generally not adjustable for disengagement force. Early Honda Shadow models used a design wherein a sprag clutch is connected to just half of the clutch friction plates, allowing the clutch to slip during heavy backloading sufficiently to prevent rear-wheel lockup, while still allowing moderate engine compression braking with the remaining friction plates.
History
[edit]Slipper clutches have been used in most high displacement four stroke road racing motorcycles since the early 1980s, having been introduced on the Honda NR500 in 1982[5] in 500GP. Slipper clutches are now fitted to many current sport bikes.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "MC Garage Video: How Motorcycle Slipper Clutches Work and Why They're Awesome". Motorcyclist. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
- ^ "Slipper Clutch; Working, Advantages & Disadvantages". bikeadvice.in. 7 March 2018. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
- ^ Stoffregen, Jürgen (2012-03-28). Motorradtechnik: Grundlagen und Konzepte von Motor, Antrieb und Fahrwerk (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8348-2180-5.
- ^ US patent 3072234
- ^ "Slipper Assist Clutches Are Appearing On More New Motorcycles". Cycle World. May 10, 2019.
External links
[edit]- Detailed history
- (B1) EP 0854304 (B1) "Friction clutch for vehicles"
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