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{{Short description|Asteroid}}
{{Infobox planet
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
| minorplanet = yes
{{Infobox planet
| width = 25em
| minorplanet = yes
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| name = 11277 Ballard
| apsis =
| background = #D6D6D6
| name = Ballard
| symbol =
| image =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| discovery = yes
| discoverer = [[Carolyn Shoemaker|C. Shoemaker]]<br />[[Eugene Shoemaker|E. Shoemaker]]
| discovery_ref =
| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory|Palomar Obs.]]
| discoverer = [[C. S. Shoemaker]] and [[E. M. Shoemaker]]
| discovered = 8 October 1988
| discovery_site = [[Palomar Observatory]]
| mpc_name = (11277) Ballard
| discovered = October 8, 1988
| alt_names = {{mp|1988 TW|2}}{{·}}1995 MG
| designations = yes
| pronounced =
| mp_name = 11277
| named_after = [[Robert Ballard]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><br />{{small|(American [[oceanographer]])}}
| alt_names = 1988 TW2
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />[[Phocaea family|Phocaea]]<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" />
| mp_category =
| orbit_ref =
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| epoch = May 14, 2008
| uncertainty = 0
| aphelion = 2.9772972
| observation_arc = 28.73 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (10,493 d)
| perihelion = 1.8301438
| aphelion = 2.9757 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| semimajor =
| perihelion = 1.8295 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2386204
| semimajor = 2.4026 AU
| period = 1361.2076392
| eccentricity = 0.2385
| avg_speed =
| period = 3.72 yr (1,360 d)
| inclination = 22.77017
| mean_anomaly = 22.337[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| asc_node = 254.71418
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2647|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_anomaly = 149.40494
| arg_peri = 43.71086
| inclination = 22.787°
| asc_node = 254.59°
| satellites =
| arg_peri = 43.574°
| physical_characteristics = yes
| mean_diameter = {{val|6.298|0.075|u=km}}<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" />
| dimensions =
| rotation = &gt;{{val|10|ul=h}}<ref name="Carbognani-2011a" />
| mass =
| albedo = {{val|0.222}}<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" />
| density =
| spectral_type = [[S-type asteroid|S]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| surface_grav =
| abs_magnitude = 13.00<ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="WISE" /><br />13.10<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />13.53<ref name="Nugent-2016" />
| escape_velocity =
| sidereal_day =
| axial_tilt =
| pole_ecliptic_lat =
| pole_ecliptic_lon =
| albedo =
| temperatures=
| temp_name1 =
| mean_temp_1 =
| max_temp_1 =
| temp_name2 =
| max_temp_2 =
| spectral_type =
| abs_magnitude = 12.9
}}
}}

'''11277 Ballard''' (1988 TW2) is a [[Asteroid belt|main-belt]] [[asteroid]] discovered on October 8, 1988 by [[C. S. Shoemaker]] and [[E. M. Shoemaker]] at [[Palomar Observatory]].
'''11277 Ballard''' ([[Minor planet provisional designation|provisional designation]] '''{{mp|1988 TW|2}}''') is a [[Phocaea family|Phocaea asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|6.3|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1988, by American astronomer couple [[Carolyn Shoemaker|Carolyn]] and [[Eugene Shoemaker]] at the [[Palomar Observatory]] in California.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The assumed [[S-type asteroid]] has a [[rotation period]] of at least 10 hours.<ref name="lcdb" /> It was named for American marine scientist [[Robert Ballard]].<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Orbit and classification ==
Ballard is a member of the [[Phocaea family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#701|701]]}}).<ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] asteroid belt at a distance of 1.83–2.98&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 9 months (1,360 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.4&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.24 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 23[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The body's [[observation arc]] begins with a [[precovery]] taken at Palomar in September 1988, just four weeks prior to its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" /> Ballard is not a [[Mars-crosser]], since its [[aphelion]] is larger than 1.67&nbsp;AU.<ref name="jpldata" />

== Naming ==
This [[minor planet]] was named after American marine scientist [[Robert Ballard]] (born 1942), a professor of [[oceanography]] and director of the ''Deep Submergence Laboratory'', who is known for the discovery of the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] and the [[German battleship Bismarck]]. The official naming citation was published by the [[Minor Planet Center]] on 26 May 2002 ({{small|[[Minor Planet Circulars|M.P.C.]] 45748}}).<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive" />

== Physical characteristics ==
Ballard is an assumed, stony [[S-type asteroid]],<ref name="lcdb" /> in line with the Phocaea family's overall [[Asteroid spectral type|spectral type]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

=== Rotation period ===
In July 2010, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of Ballard was obtained from two nights of [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometric]] observations in the R-band by Italian astronomer [[Albino Carbognani]] at the OAVdA Observatory {{Obscode|B04}} in Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a tentative [[rotation period]] of at least 10 hours with a brightness amplitude of more than 0.25 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2-]]}}).<ref name="Carbognani-2011a" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===
According to the survey carried out by the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], Ballard measures between 5.65 and 6.445 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.19 and 0.289.<ref name="Ferret" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Mainzer-2016" /><ref name="Masiero-2014" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="Nugent-2016" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes an albedo of 0.23 – derived from the family's largest member, [[25&nbsp;Phocaea]] – and calculates a diameter of 6.65 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 13.1.<ref name="lcdb" />

== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=


<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
{{Reflist}}
|type = 2017-06-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11277 Ballard (1988 TW2)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2011277
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 11277 Ballard (1988 TW2)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=11277
|accessdate = 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2014">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Asteroid 11277 Ballard
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=11277+Ballard
|accessdate = 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite book
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|chapter = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|title = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|isbn = 9780816532131|s2cid = 119280014
}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (11277) Ballard
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=11277%7CBallard
|accessdate = 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794|s2cid = 46350317 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522|s2cid = 9341381 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mainzer-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. K. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
|first3 = R. M. |last3 = Cutri
|first4 = T. |last4 = Grav
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = J. R. |last6 = Masiero
|first7 = C. R. |last7 = Nugent
|first8 = S. M. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. A. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = June 2016
|title = NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0
|url = https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/non_mission/EAR_A_COMPIL_5_NEOWISEDIAM_V1_0/data/neowise_mainbelt.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|pages = EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0 |bibcode = 2016PDSS..247.....M
|access-date= 25 September 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|s2cid = 35447010 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])</ref>

<ref name="Carbognani-2011a">{{Cite journal
|author = Carbognani, Albino
|date = January 2011
|title = Lightcurves and Periods of Eighteen NEAs and MBAs
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 1
|pages = 57–63
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38...57C}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
* [http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=11277+Ballard JPL Small-Body Database Browser on 11277 Ballard]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|11277}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{MinorPlanets Navigator|(11276) 1988 TM1|11278 Telesio|}}
{{Minor planets navigator |(11276) 1988 TM1 |number=11277 |11278 Telesio }}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{MinorPlanets_Footer}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballard}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballard}}
[[Category:Main Belt asteroids]]
[[Category:Phocaea asteroids|011277]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Eugene M. Shoemaker]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1988]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Eugene Merle Shoemaker]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
{{Beltasteroid-stub}}
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1988|19881008]]

[[fa:سیارک ۱۱۲۷۷]]
[[it:11277 Ballard]]
[[hu:11277 Ballard]]
[[pl:11277 Ballard]]
[[pt:11277 Ballard]]

Latest revision as of 00:45, 23 January 2024

11277 Ballard
Discovery[1]
Discovered byC. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
Discovery sitePalomar Obs.
Discovery date8 October 1988
Designations
(11277) Ballard
Named after
Robert Ballard[1]
(American oceanographer)
1988 TW2 · 1995 MG
main-belt[1][2] · (inner)
Phocaea[3][4]
Orbital characteristics[2]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc28.73 yr (10,493 d)
Aphelion2.9757 AU
Perihelion1.8295 AU
2.4026 AU
Eccentricity0.2385
3.72 yr (1,360 d)
22.337°
0° 15m 52.92s / day
Inclination22.787°
254.59°
43.574°
Physical characteristics
6.298±0.075 km[3][5][6]
>10 h[7]
0.222[5][6]
S (assumed)[4]
13.00[5][8][9]
13.10[1][2][4][10]
13.53[11]

11277 Ballard (provisional designation 1988 TW2) is a Phocaea asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6.3 kilometers (3.9 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1988, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California.[1] The assumed S-type asteroid has a rotation period of at least 10 hours.[4] It was named for American marine scientist Robert Ballard.[1]

Orbit and classification

[edit]

Ballard is a member of the Phocaea family (701).[3] It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.83–2.98 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,360 days; semi-major axis of 2.4 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic.[2] The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar in September 1988, just four weeks prior to its official discovery observation.[1] Ballard is not a Mars-crosser, since its aphelion is larger than 1.67 AU.[2]

Naming

[edit]

This minor planet was named after American marine scientist Robert Ballard (born 1942), a professor of oceanography and director of the Deep Submergence Laboratory, who is known for the discovery of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 26 May 2002 (M.P.C. 45748).[12]

Physical characteristics

[edit]

Ballard is an assumed, stony S-type asteroid,[4] in line with the Phocaea family's overall spectral type.[13]: 23 

Rotation period

[edit]

In July 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Ballard was obtained from two nights of photometric observations in the R-band by Italian astronomer Albino Carbognani at the OAVdA Observatory (B04) in Italy. Lightcurve analysis gave a tentative rotation period of at least 10 hours with a brightness amplitude of more than 0.25 magnitude (U=2-).[7]

Diameter and albedo

[edit]

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Ballard measures between 5.65 and 6.445 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.19 and 0.289.[3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.23 – derived from the family's largest member, 25 Phocaea – and calculates a diameter of 6.65 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.1.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g "11277 Ballard (1988 TW2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 11277 Ballard (1988 TW2)" (2017-06-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d "Asteroid 11277 Ballard". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "LCDB Data for (11277) Ballard". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; Kramer, E. A.; Masiero, J. R.; et al. (June 2016). "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos V1.0". NASA Planetary Data System: EAR-A-COMPIL-5-NEOWISEDIAM-V1.0. Bibcode:2016PDSS..247.....M. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  6. ^ a b c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330.
  7. ^ a b Carbognani, Albino (January 2011). "Lightcurves and Periods of Eighteen NEAs and MBAs". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 38 (1): 57–63. Bibcode:2011MPBu...38...57C. ISSN 1052-8091.
  8. ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. S2CID 46350317.
  9. ^ a b Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 35447010. (catalog)
  10. ^ a b Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. S2CID 9341381.
  11. ^ a b Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63.
  12. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  13. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=11277_Ballard&oldid=1198105792"