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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Calandrella rufescens -Canary Islands -Spain-8.jpg
| image = Calandrella rufescens -Canary Islands -Spain-8.jpg
| image_caption = [[Lesser short-toed lark]] (''Alaudala rufescens'')
| image_caption = [[Mediterranean short-toed lark]] (''Alaudala rufescens'')
| taxon = Alaudala
| taxon = Alaudala
| authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]] & [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1858
| authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]] & [[Frederic Moore|Moore, F]], 1858
| type_species = ''[[Sand lark|Alauda raytal]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=163 |title= Alaudidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = Blyth, 1844
| range_map =
| range_map =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision_ranks = Species
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==Taxonomy and systematics==
==Taxonomy and systematics==
A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are [[monophyletic]]. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ghorbani | first1=F. | last2=Aliabadian | first2=M. | last3=Zhang | first3=R. | last4=Irestedt | first4=M. | last5=Hao | first5=Y. | last6=Sundev | first6=G. | last7=Lei | first7=F. | last8=Ma | first8=M. | last9=Olsson | first9=U. | last10=Alström | first10=P. | year=2020 | title=Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (''Alaudala rufescens'') — Sand Lark (''A. raytal'') species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=00 | pages=1-13 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12422 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are [[monophyletic]]. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ghorbani | first1=F. | last2=Aliabadian | first2=M. | last3=Zhang | first3=R. | last4=Irestedt | first4=M. | last5=Hao | first5=Y. | last6=Sundev | first6=G. | last7=Lei | first7=F. | last8=Ma | first8=M. | last9=Olsson | first9=U. | last10=Alström | first10=P. | year=2020 | title=Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (''Alaudala rufescens'') — Sand Lark (''A. raytal'') species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=49 | issue=4 | pages=427–439 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12422 | doi-access=free }}</ref>


===Species===
===Species===
The genus ''Alaudala'' contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Nicators, reedling, larks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=9 May 2020 }}</ref>
The genus ''Alaudala'' contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Nicators, reedling, larks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=9 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-01-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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| [[File:Alaudula somalica.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala somalica'' || [[Somali short-toed lark]] || eastern and northeastern Africa.
| [[File:Alaudula somalica.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala somalica'' || [[Somali short-toed lark]] || eastern and northeastern Africa.
|-
|-
| [[File:Terrera marismeña (Calandrella rufescens) (8649673388) (2) (cropped).jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala rufescens'' || [[Lesser short-toed lark]] || central Asia to Mongolia and China
| [[File:Terrera marismeña (Calandrella rufescens) (8649673388) (2) (cropped).jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala rufescens'' || [[Mediterranean short-toed lark]]|| Mediterranean Basin and parts of the Middle East
|-
|[[File:Alaudala heinei - Heinestummellerche 202746307.jpg|120px]]
|''Alaudala heinei''
|[[Turkestan short-toed lark]]
|Siberia west to Turkey and north to Ukraine
|-
|-
| [[File:Sand Lark 1.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala raytal'' || [[Sand lark]] || Gangetic plains
| [[File:Sand Lark 1.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala raytal'' || [[Sand lark]] || Gangetic plains
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==References==
==References==
⚫
{{Commons category|Alaudala}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}}
⚫
{{Commonscat|Alaudala}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q17189223}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17189223}}


Latest revision as of 04:47, 4 January 2024

Alaudala
Mediterranean short-toed lark (Alaudala rufescens)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Alaudidae
Genus: Alaudala
Horsfield & Moore, F, 1858
Type species
Alauda raytal[1]
Blyth, 1844
Species

see text

Alaudala is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. The genus name is a diminutive of Alauda.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

[edit]

A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are monophyletic. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.[3]

Species

[edit]

The genus Alaudala contains the following species:[4][5]

Image Scientific name Common Name Distribution
Alaudala athensis Athi short-toed lark southern Kenya and northern Tanzania
Alaudala cheleensis Asian short-toed lark south-central to eastern Asia.
Alaudala somalica Somali short-toed lark eastern and northeastern Africa.
Alaudala rufescens Mediterranean short-toed lark Mediterranean Basin and parts of the Middle East
Alaudala heinei Turkestan short-toed lark Siberia west to Turkey and north to Ukraine
Alaudala raytal Sand lark Gangetic plains

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alaudala.
  1. ^ "Alaudidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  3. ^ Ghorbani, F.; Aliabadian, M.; Zhang, R.; Irestedt, M.; Hao, Y.; Sundev, G.; Lei, F.; Ma, M.; Olsson, U.; Alström, P. (2020). "Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (Alaudala rufescens) — Sand Lark (A. raytal) species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity". Zoologica Scripta. 49 (4): 427–439. doi:10.1111/zsc.12422.
  4. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Nicators, reedling, larks". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  5. ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-01-12.


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