Alaudala: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Genus of birds}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| image = Calandrella rufescens -Canary Islands -Spain-8.jpg |
| image = Calandrella rufescens -Canary Islands -Spain-8.jpg |
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| image_caption = [[ |
| image_caption = [[Mediterranean short-toed lark]] (''Alaudala rufescens'') |
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| taxon = Alaudala |
| taxon = Alaudala |
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| authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]] & [[Frederic Moore|Moore]], 1858 |
| authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]] & [[Frederic Moore|Moore, F]], 1858 |
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| type_species = ''[[Sand lark|Alauda raytal]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=163 |title= Alaudidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}</ref> |
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| type_species_authority = Blyth, 1844 |
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| range_map = |
| range_map = |
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| subdivision_ranks = Species |
| subdivision_ranks = Species |
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==Taxonomy and systematics== |
==Taxonomy and systematics== |
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A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are [[monophyletic]]. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Ghorbani | first1=F. | last2=Aliabadian | first2=M. | last3=Zhang | first3=R. | last4=Irestedt | first4=M. | last5=Hao | first5=Y. | last6=Sundev | first6=G. | last7=Lei | first7=F. | last8=Ma | first8=M. | last9=Olsson | first9=U. | last10=Alström | first10=P. | year=2020 | title=Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (''Alaudala rufescens'') — Sand Lark (''A. raytal'') species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity | journal=Zoologica Scripta | volume=49 | issue=4 | pages=427–439 | doi=10.1111/zsc.12422 | doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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===Species=== |
===Species=== |
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The genus ''Alaudala'' contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Nicators, reedling, larks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=9 May 2020 }}</ref> |
The genus ''Alaudala'' contains the following species:<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | year=2020 | title=Nicators, reedling, larks | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/larks/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=9 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-01-12|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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| [[File:Calandrella cheleensis.JPG|120px]]||''Alaudala cheleensis'' ||[[Asian short-toed lark]] || south-central to eastern Asia. |
| [[File:Calandrella cheleensis.JPG|120px]]||''Alaudala cheleensis'' ||[[Asian short-toed lark]] || south-central to eastern Asia. |
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| ||''Alaudala somalica'' || [[Somali short-toed lark]] || eastern and northeastern Africa. |
| [[File:Alaudula somalica.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala somalica'' || [[Somali short-toed lark]] || eastern and northeastern Africa. |
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|[[File:Alaudala heinei - Heinestummellerche 202746307.jpg|120px]] |
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|''Alaudala heinei'' |
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|[[Turkestan short-toed lark]] |
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|Siberia west to Turkey and north to Ukraine |
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| [[File:Sand Lark 1.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala raytal'' || [[Sand lark]] || Gangetic plains |
| [[File:Sand Lark 1.jpg|120px]]||''Alaudala raytal'' || [[Sand lark]] || Gangetic plains |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Commons category|Alaudala}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Passerida|S.|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q17189223}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q17189223}} |
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Latest revision as of 04:47, 4 January 2024
| Alaudala | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mediterranean short-toed lark (Alaudala rufescens) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Alaudidae |
| Genus: | Alaudala Horsfield & Moore, F, 1858 |
| Type species | |
| Alauda raytal[1] Blyth, 1844
| |
| Species | |
|
see text | |
Alaudala is a genus of lark in the family Alaudidae. The genus name is a diminutive of Alauda.[2]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2020 compared the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA from the sand, Asian short-toed, and lesser short-toed larks. The study analysed samples from 130 individuals that represented 16 of the 18 recognised subspecies. The resulting phylogenetic tree indicated that neither the Asian short-toed lark, nor the lesser short-toed lark as currently defined are monophyletic. Most of the subspecies were also found to be non-monophyletic. The authors refrained from proposing a revised taxonomy until additional studies had been completed comparing the vocalizations, sexual behaviour and ecology.[3]
Species
[edit]The genus Alaudala contains the following species:[4][5]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaudala athensis | Athi short-toed lark | southern Kenya and northern Tanzania | |
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Alaudala cheleensis | Asian short-toed lark | south-central to eastern Asia. |
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Alaudala somalica | Somali short-toed lark | eastern and northeastern Africa. |
_(8649673388)_(2)_(cropped).jpg) |
Alaudala rufescens | Mediterranean short-toed lark | Mediterranean Basin and parts of the Middle East |
|
Alaudala heinei | Turkestan short-toed lark | Siberia west to Turkey and north to Ukraine |
 |
Alaudala raytal | Sand lark | Gangetic plains |
References
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alaudala.
- ^ "Alaudidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Ghorbani, F.; Aliabadian, M.; Zhang, R.; Irestedt, M.; Hao, Y.; Sundev, G.; Lei, F.; Ma, M.; Olsson, U.; Alström, P. (2020). "Densely sampled phylogenetic analyses of the Lesser Short-toed Lark (Alaudala rufescens) — Sand Lark (A. raytal) species complex (Aves, Passeriformes) reveal cryptic diversity". Zoologica Scripta. 49 (4): 427–439. doi:10.1111/zsc.12422.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Nicators, reedling, larks". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
- ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-01-12.
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