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Captain Arturo Prat Base: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 62°28′44″S 59°39′52″W / 62.478889°S 59.664444°W / -62.478889; -59.664444
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| name = Prat Station
| name = Prat Station
| official_name = Arturo Prat Station
| official_name = Arturo Prat Station
| native_name =
| native_name = Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat"
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Research stations in Antarctica|Antarctic base]]
| settlement_type = [[Research stations in Antarctica|Antarctic base]]
| image_skyline = IMO Secretary-General visits Antarctica (32080302083).jpg
| image_skyline = IMO Secretary-General visits Antarctica (32080302083).jpg
| imagesize = 300
| imagesize = 300
| image_caption = Base Naval Antartica Arturo Prat
| image_caption = Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat"
| image_flag = Bandera de la Base Naval Capitán Arturo Prat.svg
| image_flag = Bandera de la Base Naval Capitán Arturo Prat.svg
| flag_size = 110px
| flag_size = 110px
Line 81: Line 81:
| width_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="comnap-catalogue"/>
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m = 0
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_as_of = 2017
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite report |type=catalogue |url=https://www.comnap.aq/s/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |title=Antarctic Station Catalogue |date=August 2017 |publisher=[[Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs]] |isbn=978-0-473-40409-3 |page=51 |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022102847/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61073506e9b0073c7eaaf464/t/611497cc1ece1b43f0eeca8a/1628739608968/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref name="comnap-catalogue">{{cite report |type=catalogue |url=https://www.comnap.aq/s/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |title=Antarctic Station Catalogue |date=August 2017 |publisher=[[Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs]] |isbn=978-0-473-40409-3 |page=51 |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022102847/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/61073506e9b0073c7eaaf464/t/611497cc1ece1b43f0eeca8a/1628739608968/COMNAP_Antarctic_Station_Catalogue.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_total =
| population_total =
| population_blank1_title = Summer
| population_blank1_title = Summer
Line 103: Line 103:
| blank2_name_sec1 = Status
| blank2_name_sec1 = Status
| blank2_info_sec1 = Operational
| blank2_info_sec1 = Operational
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_name_sec2 = Activities
| blank_info_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 = Ionospheric and meteorologic research
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| postal_code =
Line 110: Line 110:
| area_code =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| iso_code =
| code1_name = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| code1_info = AQ APT
| website = [http://www.inach.cl/inach/?page_id=12686 Base Arturo Prat INACH]
| website = [http://www.inach.cl/inach/?page_id=12686 Base Arturo Prat INACH]
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Captain Arturo Prat Base''' is a Chilean [[Antarctic]] [[research station]] located at [[Iquique Cove]], [[Greenwich Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]].
'''Captain Arturo Prat Base''' (Spanish: Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat") is a Chilean [[Antarctic]] [[research station]] located at [[Iquique Cove]], [[Greenwich Island]] in the [[South Shetland Islands]], [[Antarctica]].


Opened February 6, 1947 by the [[First Chilean Antarctic Expedition]], it is the oldest Chilean Antarctic station. Until March 1, 2006, it was a base of the [[Chilean Navy]], on which date it was handed over to the regional government of [[Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region]]. Until February 2004, it had been a permanent base. Afterwards, it had served as a summer base for ionospheric and meteorologic research. There have been plans to reopen the station for permanent occupation starting March 2008. The base is named for Captain [[Arturo Prat]], a Chilean naval officer.
Opened February 6, 1947 by the [[First Chilean Antarctic Expedition]], it is the oldest Chilean Antarctic station. Until March 1, 2006, it was a base of the [[Chilean Navy]], on which date it was handed over to the regional government of [[Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region]]. Until February 2004, it had been a permanent base. Afterwards, it had served as a summer base for ionospheric and meteorologic research. There have been plans to reopen the station for permanent occupation starting March 2008. The base is named for Captain [[Arturo Prat]], a Chilean naval officer.
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== Climate ==
== Climate ==
The climate is [[Tundra|maritime polar]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''ET''), being on the coast of the peninsula with less severe averages than expected in [[Antarctica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm|title=World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|website=koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2009/04/18/what-happens-when-you-divide-antarctica-into-two-distinct-climate-zones/|title=What happens to Steig et al's warming when you divide Antarctica into two distinct climate zones?|date=2009-04-18|website=Watts Up With That?|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> Extreme temperatures can reach {{convert|-29|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} in July, which is still quite bearable to humans protected due to considerable moderation of the sea, and a rare heat wave caused the temperature to reach {{convert|19|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, a relatively high value. The climate is quite humid for its location and precipitation is fairly well distributed, so that even in the driest months it receives more precipitation than almost all of the [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean zone]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Chile/Base-Arturo-Prat/climate-profile.aspx|title=Base Arturo Prat Climate History|website=Weather2|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>
The climate is [[Tundra|maritime polar]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''ET''), being on the coast of the peninsula with less severe averages than expected in [[Antarctica]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm|title=World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|website=koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2009/04/18/what-happens-when-you-divide-antarctica-into-two-distinct-climate-zones/|title=What happens to Steig et al's warming when you divide Antarctica into two distinct climate zones?|date=2009-04-18|website=Watts Up With That?|language=en|access-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> Extreme temperatures can reach {{convert|-29|°C|°F|1|disp=or}} in July, which is still quite bearable to humans protected due to considerable moderation of the sea, and a rare heat wave caused the temperature to reach {{convert|19|°C|°F|1|disp=or}}, a relatively high value. The climate is quite humid for its location and precipitation is fairly well distributed, so that even in the driest months it receives more precipitation than almost all of the [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean zone]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myweather2.com/City-Town/Chile/Base-Arturo-Prat/climate-profile.aspx|title=Base Arturo Prat Climate History|website=Weather2|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref>
{{Weather box
| width = 75% <!-- 77% if there is a template or image next to it -->
| collapsed = <!-- y, if you have normal updates -->
| open =
| metric first = y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->
| single line = y
| location = Captain Arturo Prat Base, elevation: {{convert|5|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1985-2011 seminormals
<!--in the order as it appears in the table, not all of the following data may be available, especially records and days of precipitation -->
| Jan mean C =1.7
| Feb mean C =1.8
| Mar mean C =0.7
| Apr mean C =-1.7
| May mean C =-3.1
| Jun mean C =-5.2
| Jul mean C =-6.2
| Aug mean C =-5.4
| Sep mean C =-4.3
| Oct mean C =-2.4
| Nov mean C =-0.8
| Dec mean C =0.5
| Jan high C =3.6
| Feb high C =3.6
| Mar high C =2.5
| Apr high C =0.4
| May high C =-0.9
| Jun high C =-2.7
| Jul high C =-3.3
| Aug high C =-2.6
| Sep high C =-1.7
| Oct high C =-0.3
| Nov high C =0.9
| Dec high C =2.3
| Jan record high C =12.8
| Feb record high C =19.3
| Mar record high C =12.0
| Apr record high C =8.0
| May record high C =11.0
| Jun record high C =9.0
| Jul record high C =10.0
| Aug record high C =8.0
| Sep record high C =8.0
| Oct record high C =7.5
| Nov record high C =10.1
| Dec record high C =14.4
| Jan low C =0.4
| Feb low C =0.4
| Mar low C =-1.0
| Apr low C =-3.6
| May low C =-5.3
| Jun low C =-7.9
| Jul low C =-9.2
| Aug low C =-8.4
| Sep low C =-7.0
| Oct low C =-4.4
| Nov low C =-2.3
| Dec low C =-0.8
| Jan record low C =-8.8
| Feb record low C =-10.4
| Mar record low C =-13.0
| Apr record low C =-18.8
| May record low C =-24.0
| Jun record low C =-25.8
| Jul record low C =-29.2
| Aug record low C =-25.6
| Sep record low C =-22.0
| Oct record low C =-17.2
| Nov record low C =-9.6
| Dec record low C =-7.8
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan precipitation mm =63.8
| Feb precipitation mm =55.5
| Mar precipitation mm =70.3
| Apr precipitation mm =56.1
| May precipitation mm =48.4
| Jun precipitation mm =39.1
| Jul precipitation mm =38.6
| Aug precipitation mm =31.8
| Sep precipitation mm =43.2
| Oct precipitation mm =47.9
| Nov precipitation mm =69.7
| Dec precipitation mm =57.1
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days =9.0
| Feb precipitation days =8.5
| Mar precipitation days =10.9
| Apr precipitation days =10.2
| May precipitation days =8.2
| Jun precipitation days =7.8
| Jul precipitation days =8.6
| Aug precipitation days =9.0
| Sep precipitation days =9.8
| Oct precipitation days =11.7
| Nov precipitation days =12.5
| Dec precipitation days =10.3
| source = Climatebase.ru<ref name = cb>{{cite web
| url = http://climatebase.ru/station/89057?lang=en
| title = Capitan Arturo Prat, Antarctica #89057
| access-date = July 22, 2019
| publisher = Climatebase.ru}}</ref>
}}


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
Line 233: Line 135:
| metric first = y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->
| metric first = y <!-- always, except UK or US cities -->
| single line = y
| single line = y
| location = Captain Arturo Prat Base, elevation: {{convert|5|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1961-1990 normals, extremes 1958-present{{efn|Although there are several gaps (periods without data) that compromise the historical series. Days of precipitation are only 1983-1990 and relative humidity from 1968-1990.}}
| location = Captain Arturo Prat Base, elevation: {{convert|5|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958-present{{efn|Although there are several gaps (periods without data) that compromise the historical series. Days of precipitation are only 1983-1990}}
| Jan record high C =8.1
|Jan record high C = 8.4
| Feb record high C =8.8
|Feb record high C = 13.0
| Mar record high C =9.1
|Mar record high C = 9.1
| Apr record high C =5.0
|Apr record high C = 5.0
| May record high C =5.8
|May record high C = 5.8
| Jun record high C =4.2
|Jun record high C = 4.2
| Jul record high C =3.9
|Jul record high C = 3.9
| Aug record high C =3.2
|Aug record high C = 3.5
| Sep record high C =4.9
|Sep record high C = 4.9
| Oct record high C =4.9
|Oct record high C = 5.4
| Nov record high C =6.0
|Nov record high C = 6.3
| Dec record high C =9.7
|Dec record high C = 9.7
| Jan record low C =-6.2
|year record high C = 13.0
| Feb record low C =-7.2
|Jan high C = 3.4
| Mar record low C =-15.2
|Feb high C = 3.4
| Apr record low C =-18.0
|Mar high C = 2.2
| May record low C =-24.8
|Apr high C = 0.5
| Jun record low C =-21.8
|May high C = -1.0
| Jul record low C =-30.0
|Jun high C = -2.9
| Aug record low C =-26.2
|Jul high C = -3.4
| Sep record low C =-26.0
|Aug high C = -3.3
| Oct record low C =-19.0
|Sep high C = -2.1
| Nov record low C =-12.2
|Oct high C = -0.6
| Dec record low C =-7.0
|Nov high C = 0.8
| Jan mean C =1.2
|Dec high C = 2.3
| Feb mean C =1.3
|year high C = -0.1
| Mar mean C =0.2
|Jan mean C = 1.9
| Apr mean C =-2.0
|Feb mean C = 1.8
| May mean C =-4.0
|Mar mean C = 0.7
| Jun mean C =-5.7
|Apr mean C = -1.1
| Jul mean C =-6.7
|May mean C = -2.9
| Aug mean C =-6.7
|Jun mean C = -5.2
| Sep mean C =-4.6
|Jul mean C = -6.0
| Oct mean C =-2.8
|Aug mean C = -5.8
| Nov mean C =-1.0
|Sep mean C = -4.6
| Dec mean C =0.6
|Oct mean C = -2.5
|Nov mean C = -0.6
| temperature colour = pastel
|Dec mean C = 0.8
| Jan precipitation mm =44.5
|year mean C = -2.0
| Feb precipitation mm =70.8
|Jan low C = 0.4
| Mar precipitation mm =84.6
|Feb low C = 0.3
| Apr precipitation mm =53.5
|Mar low C = -0.9
| May precipitation mm =59.6
|Apr low C = -2.7
| Jun precipitation mm =52.4
|May low C = -4.7
| Jul precipitation mm =62.3
|Jun low C = -7.4
| Aug precipitation mm =61.6
|Jul low C = -8.5
| Sep precipitation mm =86.2
| Oct precipitation mm =77.3
|Aug low C = -8.3
|Sep low C = -7.0
| Nov precipitation mm =83.8
|Oct low C = -4.4
| Dec precipitation mm =61.3
| Jan avg record high C =4.2
|Nov low C = -2.2
| Feb avg record high C =5.1
|Dec low C = -0.7
|year low C = -3.8
| Mar avg record high C =4.0
| Apr avg record high C =2.5
|Jan record low C = -6.2
| May avg record high C =1.0
|Feb record low C = -7.2
| Jun avg record high C =0.7
|Mar record low C = -15.2
| Jul avg record high C =0.5
|Apr record low C = -18.0
| Aug avg record high C =0.0
|May record low C = -24.8
| Sep avg record high C =0.5
|Jun record low C = -21.8
| Oct avg record high C =1.3
|Jul record low C = -30.0
| Nov avg record high C =2.2
|Aug record low C = -26.2
| Dec avg record high C =3.3
|Sep record low C = -26.0
| Jan avg record low C =-1.6
|Oct record low C = -19.0
| Feb avg record low C =-2.3
|Nov record low C = -12.2
| Mar avg record low C =-4.3
|Dec record low C = -7.0
| Apr avg record low C =-8.4
|year record low C = -30.0
|precipitation colour = green
| May avg record low C =-14.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.0
| Jun avg record low C =-13.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 72.7
| Jul avg record low C =-18.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 80.1
| Aug avg record low C =-19.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 72.2
| Sep avg record low C =-12.2
|May precipitation mm = 60.8
| Oct avg record low C =-8.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 49.1
| Nov avg record low C =-5.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 43.5
| Dec avg record low C =-2.9
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Aug precipitation mm = 40.8
| Jan precipitation days =10.0
|Sep precipitation mm = 49.9
| Feb precipitation days =12.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 61.5
| Mar precipitation days =15.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 52.6
| Apr precipitation days =10.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 55.6
| May precipitation days =8.0
|year precipitation mm = 708.9
| Jun precipitation days =10.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jul precipitation days =7.0
|Jan precipitation days = 10
| Aug precipitation days =10.0
|Feb precipitation days = 12
| Sep precipitation days =12.0
|Mar precipitation days = 15
| Oct precipitation days =12.0
|Apr precipitation days = 10
| Nov precipitation days =15.0
|May precipitation days = 8
| Dec precipitation days =11.0
|Jun precipitation days = 10
|Jul precipitation days = 7
| Jan humidity =83
|Aug precipitation days = 10
| Feb humidity =85
|Sep precipitation days = 12
| Mar humidity =85
|Oct precipitation days = 12
| Apr humidity =84
|Nov precipitation days = 15
| May humidity =85
|Dec precipitation days = 11
| Jun humidity =85
|year precipitation days = 132
| Jul humidity =85
| Aug humidity =85
|Jan humidity = 86.8
| Sep humidity =86
|Feb humidity = 87.0
| Oct humidity =85
|Mar humidity = 88.2
| Nov humidity =82
|Apr humidity = 88.2
| Dec humidity =85
|May humidity = 88.4
|Jun humidity = 88.7
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name = noaa>{{cite web
|Jul humidity = 89.1
| url = http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/ANTARCTC/AC/89057.TXT
|Aug humidity = 88.7
| title = Captain Arturo Prat Base (89057) - WMO Weather Station
|Sep humidity = 88.4
| access-date = July 22, 2019
|Oct humidity = 88.0
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]}}</ref>
|Nov humidity = 87.0
|source 2 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (extremes and averages extremes)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historicos/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/950002|title=Temperatura Histórica Anual de la Estación - Arturo Prat, Base Antártica (950002)|publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/index/procesaFormularioEstacionMes|title=Temperatura Histórica de la Estación- Arturo Prat, Base Antártica (950002)|publisher=Dirección Meteorológica de Chile|access-date=July 22, 2019}}</ref> and [[Deutscher Wetterdienst|DWD]] (precipitation days and humidity)<ref name=DWD>
|Dec humidity = 85.7
|year humidity = 87.7
|source 1 = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile<ref name=antarticaclimate>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230530203201/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/publicaciones/documentoPdf/climatologias/climatologias20210101.pdf
| archive-date = 30 May 2023
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/publicaciones/documentoPdf/climatologias/climatologias20210101.pdf
| title = Climatología de Estaciones Chilenas de la Península Antártica
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| language = es
| access-date = 30 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=promediotemp>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220336/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/950002/2020
| archive-date = 30 May 2023
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/promedioTemperatura30/950002/2020
| title = Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: Arturo Prat, Antártica
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| language = es
| access-date = 30 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=records>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220039/https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/950002
| archive-date = 30 May 2023
| url = https://climatologia.meteochile.gob.cl/application/historico/temperaturaHistoricaAnual/950002
| title = Temperatura Histórica de la estación C.M.A. Arturo Prat, Base Antártica (950002)
| publisher = Dirección Meteorológica de Chile
| language = es
| access-date = 30 May 2023
| url-status = live}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst|DWD]] (precipitation days 1961–1990)<ref name=DWD>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_890570_kt.pdf
| url = https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_890570_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel n Basis "Arturo Prat" (Chile) / Antarktis
| title = Klimatafel n Basis "Arturo Prat" (Chile) / Antarktis
| website = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| website = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
| publisher= [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]
| publisher = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]
| language = de
| language = de
| access-date = July 22, 2019}}</ref>
| access-date = July 22, 2019}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 13:09, 11 December 2023

Prat Station
Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat"
Antarctic base
Arturo Prat Station
Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat"
Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat"
Flag of Prat Station
Flag
Location of Prat Station in Antarctica
Location of Prat Station in Antarctica
Prat Station
Location of Prat Station in Antarctica
Coordinates: 62°28′44″S 59°39′52″W / 62.478889°S 59.664444°W / -62.478889; -59.664444
Country Chile
Location in AntarcticaIquique Cove
Greenwich Island
South Shetland Islands
Administered by Chilean Navy
Established6 February 1947 (1947-02-06)
Named forArturo Prat
Elevation
[1]
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Summer
30
 • Winter
8
UN/LOCODEAQ APT
TypeAll-year round
PeriodAnnual
StatusOperational
ActivitiesIonospheric and meteorologic research
WebsiteBase Arturo Prat INACH

Captain Arturo Prat Base (Spanish: Base Naval Antártica "Arturo Prat") is a Chilean Antarctic research station located at Iquique Cove, Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.

Opened February 6, 1947 by the First Chilean Antarctic Expedition, it is the oldest Chilean Antarctic station. Until March 1, 2006, it was a base of the Chilean Navy, on which date it was handed over to the regional government of Magallanes and Antártica Chilena Region. Until February 2004, it had been a permanent base. Afterwards, it had served as a summer base for ionospheric and meteorologic research. There have been plans to reopen the station for permanent occupation starting March 2008. The base is named for Captain Arturo Prat, a Chilean naval officer.

Historic sites

[edit]

Climate

[edit]

The climate is maritime polar (Köppen: ET), being on the coast of the peninsula with less severe averages than expected in Antarctica.[3][4] Extreme temperatures can reach −29 °C or −20.2 °F in July, which is still quite bearable to humans protected due to considerable moderation of the sea, and a rare heat wave caused the temperature to reach 19 °C or 66.2 °F, a relatively high value. The climate is quite humid for its location and precipitation is fairly well distributed, so that even in the driest months it receives more precipitation than almost all of the Mediterranean zone.[5]

Climate data for Captain Arturo Prat Base, elevation: 5 m or 16 ft, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1958-present[a]
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		5.8
(42.4) 		4.2
(39.6) 		3.9
(39.0) 		3.5
(38.3) 		4.9
(40.8) 		5.4
(41.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.7
(49.5) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		2.2
(36.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−1.0
(30.2) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		0.8
(33.4) 		2.3
(36.1) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4) 		1.8
(35.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		0.8
(33.4) 		−2.0
(28.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 0.4
(32.7) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−0.9
(30.4) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−3.8
(25.2)
Record low °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−15.2
(4.6) 		−18.0
(−0.4) 		−24.8
(−12.6) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−30.0
(−22.0) 		−26.2
(−15.2) 		−26.0
(−14.8) 		−19.0
(−2.2) 		−12.2
(10.0) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−30.0
(−22.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 75.0
(2.95) 		72.7
(2.86) 		80.1
(3.15) 		72.2
(2.84) 		60.8
(2.39) 		49.1
(1.93) 		43.5
(1.71) 		40.8
(1.61) 		49.9
(1.96) 		61.5
(2.42) 		52.6
(2.07) 		55.6
(2.19) 		708.9
(27.91)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10 12 15 10 8 10 7 10 12 12 15 11 132
Average relative humidity (%) 86.8 87.0 88.2 88.2 88.4 88.7 89.1 88.7 88.4 88.0 87.0 85.7 87.7
Source 1: Dirección Meteorológica de Chile[6][7][8]
Source 2: DWD (precipitation days 1961–1990)[9]

Maps

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Topographic map of Livingston Island, Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands.
  • L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100,000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005.
  • L.L. Ivanov. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands. Scale 1:120,000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2010. ISBN 978-954-92032-9-5 (First edition 2009. ISBN 978-954-92032-6-4)
  • Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Although there are several gaps (periods without data) that compromise the historical series. Days of precipitation are only 1983-1990

References

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  1. ^ a b Antarctic Station Catalogue (PDF) (catalogue). Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs. August 2017. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-473-40409-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
  2. ^ a b c d "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM (2012)" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  3. ^ "World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  4. ^ "What happens to Steig et al's warming when you divide Antarctica into two distinct climate zones?". Watts Up With That?. 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  5. ^ "Base Arturo Prat Climate History". Weather2. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
  6. ^ "Climatología de Estaciones Chilenas de la Península Antártica" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Temperaturas Medias y Extremas en 30 Años-Entre los años: 1991 al 2020-Nombre estación: Arturo Prat, Antártica" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Temperatura Histórica de la estación C.M.A. Arturo Prat, Base Antártica (950002)" (in Spanish). Dirección Meteorológica de Chile. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Klimatafel n Basis "Arturo Prat" (Chile) / Antarktis" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved July 22, 2019.
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