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{{Primary sources|date=May 2022}}
{{AFC submission|t||ts=20191120060305|u=103.49.55.202|ns=118|demo=}}<!-- Important, do not remove this line before article has been created. -->

{{Infobox Laboratory
{{Infobox Laboratory
| name = Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research
| name = Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research
| motto =
| motto =
| image =
| image = BRIMR Logo.jpg
| established = 2006
| established = 2006
| director = Robert Roskoski Jr.
| director = [[Robert Roskoski|Robert Roskoski Jr.]]
| city = [[ Horse Shoe]], [[North Carolina]], U.S.
| city = [[Horse Shoe]], [[North Carolina]], U.S.
| budget =
| budget =
| type = Unclassified/classified
| type = Unclassified/classified
Line 14: Line 13:
| nobel_laureates =
| nobel_laureates =
| operating_agency =
| operating_agency =
| website = {{url|http://www.brimr.org/}}
| website = {{url|http://brimr.org/}}
}}
}}
The '''Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research''' is an independent, non-profit, scientific research institute located in [[Horse Shoe, North Carolina|Horse Shoe]], North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://directory.ncbiotech.org/content/blue-ridge-institute-medical-research|title=Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research {{!}} North Carolina Biotech Center|website=directory.ncbiotech.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/12672|title=UC Davis School of Medicine research funding ranks among the top 26 institutions in the U.S.|last=Marketing|first=UC Davis Health, Public Affairs and|website=www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> The Institute was founded by Robert Roskoski Jr. and he is the only full-time employee.
The '''Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research''' (BRIMR) is an independent, non-profit, scientific research institute located in [[Horse Shoe, North Carolina|Horse Shoe]], North Carolina.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://directory.ncbiotech.org/content/blue-ridge-institute-medical-research|title=Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research {{!}} North Carolina Biotech Center|website=directory.ncbiotech.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/12672|title=UC Davis School of Medicine research funding ranks among the top 26 institutions in the U.S.|last=Marketing|first=UC Davis Health, Public Affairs and|website=www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> The Institute was founded by Robert Roskoski Jr., who serves as President and Scientific Director.

==Mission==
==Mission==
The general goals of the Institute are to explore the interrelationships of fundamental [[Biological Science|biological science]], [[Clinical research|clinical science]], and clinical care.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/BRIMR%20Articles%20of%20Incorporation.pdf|title=Blue Ridge Institute For Medical Research in Horse Shoe|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
The general goals of the Institute are to explore the interrelationships of fundamental [[Biological Science|biological science]], [[Clinical research|clinical science]], and clinical care.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/BRIMR%20Articles%20of%20Incorporation.pdf|title=Blue Ridge Institute For Medical Research in Horse Shoe|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508061822/http://www.brimr.org:80/BRIMR%20Articles%20of%20Incorporation.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-08 |access-date=}}</ref>

== Research ==
== Research ==
Research at BRIMR focuses on the structure and regulation of [[Protein kinase|protein kinases]], their downstream [[signaling pathways]], and [[therapeutic drugs]] that inhibit these enzymes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30877063|journal=Pharmacological Research|volume=144|pages=19–50|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006|issn=1096-1186|pmid=30877063|via=}}</ref> Protein kinases regulate the activity of their substrate targets by adding phosphate groups in a reaction known as protein [[phosphorylation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26207888|journal=Pharmacological Research|volume=100|pages=1–23|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.010|issn=1096-1186|pmid=26207888|via=}}</ref> The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of about 50 protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of several cancers including those of breast, kidney, and lung and inflammatory diseases such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icoa.fr/pkidb/|title=PKIDB {{!}} A Curated, Annotated and Updated Database of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Clinical Trials|website=www.icoa.fr|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/PKI/PKIs.htm|title=FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitors/US Food and Drug Administration approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors|website=www.brimr.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> An average of two to three new drugs of this type is approved annually.
Research at BRIMR focuses on the structure and regulation of [[protein kinase]]s, their downstream [[signaling pathways]], and [[therapeutic drugs]] that inhibit these enzymes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors|journal=Pharmacological Research|volume=144|pages=19–50|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006|issn=1096-1186|pmid=30877063|year=2019|s2cid=80625382 }}</ref> Protein kinases regulate the activity of their substrate targets by adding phosphate groups in a reaction known as protein [[phosphorylation]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors|journal=Pharmacological Research|volume=100|pages=1–23|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.010|issn=1096-1186|pmid=26207888|year=2015}}</ref> The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of about 50 protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of several cancers including those of breast, kidney, and lung and inflammatory diseases such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icoa.fr/pkidb/|title=PKIDB {{!}} A Curated, Annotated and Updated Database of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Clinical Trials|website=www.icoa.fr|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/PKI/PKIs.htm|title=FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitors/US Food and Drug Administration approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors|website=www.brimr.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> An average of two to three new drugs of this type is approved annually.


An important component of the Institute’s fundamental research involves the study of the nature of the interaction of these anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents with their target protein kinase enzyme. Institute studies are upon the X-ray [[Crystallography|crystallographic]] results that are in the public domain as well as in-house computer-generated models of drugs binding to their targets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/Goals.htm|title=Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research|website=www.brimr.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> The Institute functions as a scientific think tank and performs no actual laboratory work. However, the Institute uses results from the research areas of biochemistry and molecular, chemical, structural and cancer biology in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of protein kinase inhibitors and the aberrations that result in [[neoplastic]] growth.
An important component of the Institute's fundamental research involves the study of the nature of the interaction of these anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents with their target protein kinase enzyme. Institute studies are based upon the X-ray [[Crystallography|crystallographic]] results that are in the public domain as well as in-house computer-generated models of drugs binding to their targets.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brimr.org/Goals.htm|title=Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research|website=www.brimr.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> The Institute functions as a scientific think tank and performs no actual laboratory work. However, the Institute uses results from the research areas of biochemistry and molecular, chemical, structural and cancer biology in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of protein kinase inhibitors and the aberrations that result in [[neoplastic]] growth.


The results of these studies have been published in peer-reviewed journals for the edification and use by academic and pharmaceutical biomedical scientists. Several of these articles have been cited in journal articles hundreds of times thereby attesting to their importance and significance<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&q=robert+roskoski&btnG=|title=Google Scholar|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref>.
The results of these studies have been published.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&q=robert+roskoski&btnG=|title=Google Scholar|website=scholar.google.com|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref>


== NIH funding data ==
== NIH funding data ==
The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research has monitored NIH funding to Medical Schools as well as other health science schools and organizations since 2006<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/A-Retired-Professors-Research/131299|title=A Retired Professor's Research Rankings Get Universities' Attention|last=Basken|first=Paul|date=2012-03-25|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=2019-09-12|language=en-US|issn=0009-5982}}</ref>. BRIMR generates an annual ranking of NIH funding for US Medical Schools and their Departments<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ragon|first=Bart|date=2019-07-01|title=Alignment of library services with the research lifecycle|url=http://jmla.mlanet.org/ojs/jmla/article/view/595|journal=Journal of the Medical Library Association|language=en|volume=107|issue=3|pages=384–393|doi=10.5195/jmla.2019.595|issn=1558-9439}}</ref> and the BRIMR data is considered to be the gold standard for medical school research metrics<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graham-center.org/rgc/publications-reports/publications/one-pagers/nih-research-funding-2013.html|title=Is NIH Research Funding to Medical Schools Associated With More Family Medicine?|website=www.graham-center.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref>. These data are used throughout the biomedical community for the analysis of medical research and educational activities<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gordon|first=Rachael A.|last2=Anderson|first2=Alyce J. M.|last3=Boiko|first3=Julie R.|date=2017-05-01|title=Representation of Women Among Academic Grand Rounds Speakers|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2607208|journal=JAMA Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=177|issue=5|pages=722–724|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9646|issn=2168-6106}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://journals.stfm.org/familymedicine/2018/may/mainous-2017-0273|title=Institutional NIH Research Funding and a Culture of Support for Family Medicine—Their Relationship to Family Medicine Specialty Choice|last=Chessman|first=Alexander|last2=Agana|first2=Denny|date=2018|website=Family Medicine|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12|last3=Porter|first3=Maribeth|last4=Mainous|first4=Arch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Turaga|first=Kiran K.|last2=Gamblin|first2=Thomas Clark|last3=Johnston|first3=Fabian M.|last4=Sharma|first4=Avishkar|last5=Zacharias|first5=Anthony J.|last6=Hwang|first6=Michael|last7=Green|first7=Danielle E.|last8=Jayakrishnan|first8=Thejus T.|date=2014-12-01|title=Effect of the experience of surgical chairpersons on departmental National Institutes of Health funding|url=https://www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com/article/S0022-4804(14)00722-7/abstract|journal=Journal of Surgical Research|language=English|volume=192|issue=2|pages=293–297|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.058|issn=0022-4804|pmid=25240287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mfprac.com/web2019/07literature/literature/Health_Costs/AcademicMedicineCost_Johnston.pdf|title=Academic Medical Centers Too Large for Their Own Health?|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>.
The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research has monitored NIH funding to Medical Schools as well as other health science schools and organizations since 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/A-Retired-Professors-Research/131299|title=A Retired Professor's Research Rankings Get Universities' Attention|last=Basken|first=Paul|date=2012-03-25|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=2019-09-12|language=en-US|issn=0009-5982}}</ref> BRIMR generates an annual ranking of NIH funding for US Medical Schools and their Departments<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ragon|first=Bart|date=2019-07-01|title=Alignment of library services with the research lifecycle|url=http://jmla.mlanet.org/ojs/jmla/article/view/595|journal=Journal of the Medical Library Association|language=en|volume=107|issue=3|pages=384–393|doi=10.5195/jmla.2019.595|pmid=31258444|pmc=6579601 |issn=1558-9439|doi-access=free}}</ref> and the BRIMR data is considered to be the gold standard for medical school research metrics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graham-center.org/rgc/publications-reports/publications/one-pagers/nih-research-funding-2013.html|title=Is NIH Research Funding to Medical Schools Associated With More Family Medicine?|website=www.graham-center.org|access-date=2019-09-12}}</ref> These data are used throughout the biomedical community for the analysis of medical research and educational activities<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Rachael A.|last2=Anderson|first2=Alyce J. M.|last3=Boiko|first3=Julie R.|date=2017-05-01|title=Representation of Women Among Academic Grand Rounds Speakers|journal=JAMA Internal Medicine|language=en|volume=177|issue=5|pages=722–724|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9646|pmid=28264094|pmc=5818773|issn=2168-6106}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://journals.stfm.org/familymedicine/2018/may/mainous-2017-0273|title=Institutional NIH Research Funding and a Culture of Support for Family Medicine—Their Relationship to Family Medicine Specialty Choice|last1=Chessman|first1=Alexander|last2=Agana|first2=Denny|date=2018|journal=Family Medicine|language=en|access-date=2019-09-12|last3=Porter|first3=Maribeth|last4=Mainous|first4=Arch|volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=369–371 |doi=10.22454/FamMed.2018.913629 |pmid=29762796 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Turaga|first1=Kiran K.|last2=Gamblin|first2=Thomas Clark|last3=Johnston|first3=Fabian M.|last4=Sharma|first4=Avishkar|last5=Zacharias|first5=Anthony J.|last6=Hwang|first6=Michael|last7=Green|first7=Danielle E.|last8=Jayakrishnan|first8=Thejus T.|date=2014-12-01|title=Effect of the experience of surgical chairpersons on departmental National Institutes of Health funding|url=https://www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com/article/S0022-4804(14)00722-7/abstract|journal=Journal of Surgical Research|language=English|volume=192|issue=2|pages=293–297|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.058|issn=0022-4804|pmid=25240287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mfprac.com/web2019/07literature/literature/Health_Costs/AcademicMedicineCost_Johnston.pdf|title=Academic Medical Centers Too Large for Their Own Health?|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>



==Selected publications==


* Roskoski, R. Jr. (2015) A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors. Pharmacol. Res. '''100''', 1-23.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors|journal=Pharmacological Research|language=en|volume=100|pages=1–23|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.010|pmid=26207888|year=2015}}</ref>
* Roskoski, R. Jr. (2016) Classification of small molecule inhibitors based upon the structures of their drug-enzyme complexes. Pharmacol. Res. '''103''', 26–48.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=Classification of small molecule protein kinase inhibitors based upon the structures of their drug-enzyme complexes|journal=Pharmacological Research|language=en|volume=103|pages=26–48|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.021|pmid=26529477|year=2016}}</ref>
* Roskoski, R. Jr. (2019) Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol. Res. '''144''', 19–50.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roskoski|first=Robert|title=Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors|journal=Pharmacological Research|language=en|volume=144|pages=19–50|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006|pmid=30877063|year=2019|s2cid=80625382 }}</ref>
*Noble, Paige; Ten Eyck , Patrick; Roskoski Jr., Robert; Jackson; J. Brooks (2020)  NIH funding trends to US Medical Schools from 2009 to 2018. PLoSOne '''15''':eo233367.


== References ==
== References ==
<!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. -->
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{authority control}}
== Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research ==


[[Category:Medical research institutes in North Carolina]]
{{AFC submission|||ts=20191120060509|u=103.49.55.202|ns=118}}
[[Category:Organizations based in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Henderson County, North Carolina]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in North Carolina]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 2006]]

Latest revision as of 03:22, 27 September 2023

Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research
Established2006
Research typeUnclassified/classified
DirectorRobert Roskoski Jr.
LocationHorse Shoe, North Carolina, U.S.
Websitebrimr.org

The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research (BRIMR) is an independent, non-profit, scientific research institute located in Horse Shoe, North Carolina.[1][2] The Institute was founded by Robert Roskoski Jr., who serves as President and Scientific Director.

Mission

[edit]

The general goals of the Institute are to explore the interrelationships of fundamental biological science, clinical science, and clinical care.[3]

Research

[edit]

Research at BRIMR focuses on the structure and regulation of protein kinases, their downstream signaling pathways, and therapeutic drugs that inhibit these enzymes.[4] Protein kinases regulate the activity of their substrate targets by adding phosphate groups in a reaction known as protein phosphorylation.[5] The United States Food and Drug Administration has approved the use of about 50 protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of several cancers including those of breast, kidney, and lung and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.[6][7] An average of two to three new drugs of this type is approved annually.

An important component of the Institute's fundamental research involves the study of the nature of the interaction of these anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents with their target protein kinase enzyme. Institute studies are based upon the X-ray crystallographic results that are in the public domain as well as in-house computer-generated models of drugs binding to their targets.[8] The Institute functions as a scientific think tank and performs no actual laboratory work. However, the Institute uses results from the research areas of biochemistry and molecular, chemical, structural and cancer biology in an effort to understand the mechanisms of action of protein kinase inhibitors and the aberrations that result in neoplastic growth.

The results of these studies have been published.[9]

NIH funding data

[edit]

The Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research has monitored NIH funding to Medical Schools as well as other health science schools and organizations since 2006.[10] BRIMR generates an annual ranking of NIH funding for US Medical Schools and their Departments[11] and the BRIMR data is considered to be the gold standard for medical school research metrics.[12] These data are used throughout the biomedical community for the analysis of medical research and educational activities[13][14][15][16]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Roskoski, R. Jr. (2015) A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors. Pharmacol. Res. 100, 1-23.[17]
  • Roskoski, R. Jr. (2016) Classification of small molecule inhibitors based upon the structures of their drug-enzyme complexes. Pharmacol. Res. 103, 26–48.[18]
  • Roskoski, R. Jr. (2019) Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol. Res. 144, 19–50.[19]
  • Noble, Paige; Ten Eyck , Patrick; Roskoski Jr., Robert; Jackson; J. Brooks (2020)  NIH funding trends to US Medical Schools from 2009 to 2018. PLoSOne 15:eo233367.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research | North Carolina Biotech Center". directory.ncbiotech.org. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  2. ^ Marketing, UC Davis Health, Public Affairs and. "UC Davis School of Medicine research funding ranks among the top 26 institutions in the U.S." www.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 2019-09-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ "Blue Ridge Institute For Medical Research in Horse Shoe" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-05-08.
  4. ^ Roskoski, Robert (2019). "Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors". Pharmacological Research. 144: 19–50. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006. ISSN 1096-1186. PMID 30877063. S2CID 80625382.
  5. ^ Roskoski, Robert (2015). "A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors". Pharmacological Research. 100: 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.010. ISSN 1096-1186. PMID 26207888.
  6. ^ "PKIDB | A Curated, Annotated and Updated Database of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Clinical Trials". www.icoa.fr. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  7. ^ "FDA-approved protein kinase inhibitors/US Food and Drug Administration approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors". www.brimr.org. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  8. ^ "Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research". www.brimr.org. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  9. ^ "Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  10. ^ Basken, Paul (2012-03-25). "A Retired Professor's Research Rankings Get Universities' Attention". The Chronicle of Higher Education. ISSN 0009-5982. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  11. ^ Ragon, Bart (2019-07-01). "Alignment of library services with the research lifecycle". Journal of the Medical Library Association. 107 (3): 384–393. doi:10.5195/jmla.2019.595. ISSN 1558-9439. PMC 6579601. PMID 31258444.
  12. ^ "Is NIH Research Funding to Medical Schools Associated With More Family Medicine?". www.graham-center.org. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  13. ^ Gordon, Rachael A.; Anderson, Alyce J. M.; Boiko, Julie R. (2017-05-01). "Representation of Women Among Academic Grand Rounds Speakers". JAMA Internal Medicine. 177 (5): 722–724. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9646. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 5818773. PMID 28264094.
  14. ^ Chessman, Alexander; Agana, Denny; Porter, Maribeth; Mainous, Arch (2018). "Institutional NIH Research Funding and a Culture of Support for Family Medicine—Their Relationship to Family Medicine Specialty Choice". Family Medicine. 50 (5): 369–371. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2018.913629. PMID 29762796. Retrieved 2019-09-12.
  15. ^ Turaga, Kiran K.; Gamblin, Thomas Clark; Johnston, Fabian M.; Sharma, Avishkar; Zacharias, Anthony J.; Hwang, Michael; Green, Danielle E.; Jayakrishnan, Thejus T. (2014-12-01). "Effect of the experience of surgical chairpersons on departmental National Institutes of Health funding". Journal of Surgical Research. 192 (2): 293–297. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2014.07.058. ISSN 0022-4804. PMID 25240287.
  16. ^ "Academic Medical Centers Too Large for Their Own Health?" (PDF).
  17. ^ Roskoski, Robert (2015). "A historical overview of protein kinases and their targeted small molecule inhibitors". Pharmacological Research. 100: 1–23. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.010. PMID 26207888.
  18. ^ Roskoski, Robert (2016). "Classification of small molecule protein kinase inhibitors based upon the structures of their drug-enzyme complexes". Pharmacological Research. 103: 26–48. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2015.10.021. PMID 26529477.
  19. ^ Roskoski, Robert (2019). "Properties of FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors". Pharmacological Research. 144: 19–50. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.006. PMID 30877063. S2CID 80625382.
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