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{{Short description|Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1554 to 1559}}
{{Infobox bishopbiog
{{for|the British zoologist|Gilbert Charles Bourne}}
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| name =Gilbert Bourne
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
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| image =
{{Infobox Christian leader
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| religion =[[Church of England]] and [[Roman Catholic]]
| type = Bishop
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| See =[[Diocese of Bath and Wells]]
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| name = Gilbert Bourne
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| Title =[[Bishop of Bath and Wells]]
| honorific-prefix = The Right Reverend
| Period = 1554–1559
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| title = [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]]
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| Predecessor =[[William Barlow (bishop, died 1568)|William Barlow]]
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| image =
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| Successor =[[Gilbert Berkeley]]
| ordination =
| alt =
| bishops =
| caption =
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| church = [[Church of England]]/[[Roman Catholic]]
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| post =Archdeacon of Bedford
| date of birth =
| archdiocese =
| diocese =
| place of birth =
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| see = [[Diocese of Bath and Wells]]
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| date of death =10 September 1569
| term = 1554–1559
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| place of death =[[Silverton]], [[Devon]]
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| predecessor = [[William Barlow (bishop, died 1568)|William Barlow]]
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| successor = [[Gilbert Berkeley]]
<!-- Orders -->| ordination =
| ordinated_by =
| consecration =
| consecrated_by =
| rank = <!-- Personal details -->
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
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| death_date = 10 September 1569
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| death_place = [[Silverton, Devon|Silverton]], [[Devon]]
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| previous_post = Archdeacon of Bedford
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Reverend]]
}}
}}
'''Gilbert Bourne''' (date of birth unknown; d. 10 September 1569 at [[Silverton]], [[Devon]]) was the last [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]], England.
'''Gilbert Bourne''' (date of birth unknown; d. 10 September 1569 at [[Silverton, Devon|Silverton]], [[Devon]]) was the last [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]], England.


==Life to the death of Mary I==
==Life to the death of Mary I==
Bourne was son of Philip Bourne, of [[Worcestershire]]. Entering the [[University of Oxford]] in 1524, he became a [[Fellow]] of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] in 1531, proceeded in Arts in 1532, and in 1543 was admitted to the degree of [[Bachelor of Divinity]], having in 1541 been named [[prebendary]] of [[Worcester]], on the suppression of the old monastic chapter there.<ref name="ce">{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Gilbert Bourne|Gilbert Bourne]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref>
Bourne was son of Philip Bourne, of [[Worcestershire]]. Entering the [[University of Oxford]] in 1524, he became a [[Fellow]] of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] in 1531, proceeded in Arts in 1532, and in 1543 was admitted to the degree of [[Bachelor of Divinity]],<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/alumni-oxon/1500-1714/pp142-170 Bludworth-Brakell Pages 142-170 Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714]</ref> having in 1541 been named [[prebendary]] of [[Worcester, England|Worcester]], on the suppression of the old monastic chapter there.<ref name="ce">{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Gilbert Bourne}}</ref>
⚫
Moving to London in 1545, Bourne became a prebendary of [[St Paul's Cathedral]], and in 1549 [[Archdeacon of Bedford]] with the [[benefice]] of [[rector]] of [[High Ongar]] in [[Essex]]. At the time, the holding of such preferments involved acceptance of the [[Church of England]] as brought into being under [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] and his son [[Edward VI of England|Edwarf VI]]. Soon after [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]]'s accession, while preaching at [[St Paul's Cross]], Bourne narrowly escaped a dagger which a fanatic hurled at him on hearing him allude to [[Edmund Bonner|Bishop Edmund Bonner]]'s recent sufferings under the previous reign. On being appointed to the Bishopric of Bath and Wells, Bourne received absolution from Cardinal [[Reginald Pole]], the [[papal legate]], by letters dated 17 March 1554, from all censures incurred in the time of schism, and on 1 April was consecrated with five others by Bishop Bonner, assisted by [[Stephen Gardiner|Bishop Stephen Gardiner]] and [[Cuthbert Tunstall|Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall]].<ref name="ce" />


⚫
Moving to London in 1545, Bourne became a prebendary of [[St Paul's Cathedral]], and in 1549 [[Archdeacon of Bedford]] with the [[benefice]] of [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|rector]] of [[High Ongar]] in [[Essex]]. At the time, the holding of such preferments involved acceptance of the [[Church of England]] as brought into being under [[Henry VIII of England|King Henry VIII]] and his son [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]]. Soon after [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]]'s accession, while preaching at [[St Paul's Cross]], Bourne was pulled violently from the pulpit and narrowly escaped a dagger which a fanatic hurled at him.<ref>Nichols, John Gough, editor. (1852). ''Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London''. London: Printed for the Camden Society by J.B. Nichols and Son, printers. p. 83 and footnote 'e'. [https://archive.org/details/ChronicleOfTheGreyFriarsOfLondon/page/n119 The Internet Archive website] Retrieved 18 June 2019.</ref> On being appointed to the Bishopric of Bath and Wells, Bourne received absolution from Cardinal [[Reginald Pole]], the [[papal legate]], by letters dated 17 March 1554, from all censures incurred in the time of schism, and on 1 April was consecrated with five others by Bishop Bonner, assisted by [[Stephen Gardiner|Bishop Stephen Gardiner]] and [[Cuthbert Tunstall|Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall]].<ref name="ce" />
⚫
[[Image:bishopgardner.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and an ally of Bourne.]]

During Bourne's brief episcopate, he seems to have taken no part in the [[Marian Persecutions]], as [[Francis Godwin]] admits, he always used kindness rather than severity. There is no record of religious executions in his diocese. Queen Mary showed her high esteem for him by naming him [[Council of Wales and the Marches|Lord President of the Council of Wales]].
During Bourne's brief episcopate, he seems to have taken no part in the [[Marian Persecutions]], as [[Francis Godwin]] admits, he always used kindness rather than severity. There is no record of religious executions in his diocese. Queen Mary showed her high esteem for him by naming him [[Council of Wales and the Marches|Lord President of the Council of Wales]].


==Under Elizabeth==
==Under Elizabeth==
⚫
[[File:Der-kanonikus-stephan-gardiner.jpg|thumb|183x183px|Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and an ally of Bourne.]]
At the beginning of Elizabeth's reign Bourne was kept away from London by illness and official duties, and he is only mentioned once as present in the Parliament. For this reason he was one of the last bishops to be deposed, and he was even named amongst those first commissioned to consecrate [[Matthew Parker]], appointed primate of the queen's new hierarchy. Although [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Ekizabeth]] expressed herself content with his service, on his refusal to take the [[Oath of Supremacy]], which four [[Somerset]] justices were commissioned on 18 October 1559 to administer, his deprivation of office quickly followed.<ref name="ce" />
At the beginning of Elizabeth's reign Bourne was kept away from London by illness and official duties, and he is only mentioned once as present in the Parliament. For this reason he was one of the last bishops to be deposed, and he was even named amongst those first commissioned to consecrate [[Matthew Parker]], appointed primate of the queen's new hierarchy. Although [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]] expressed herself content with his service, on his refusal to take the [[Oath of Supremacy]], which four [[Somerset]] justices were commissioned on 18 October 1559 to administer, his deprivation of office quickly followed.<ref name="ce" />
[[Image:Matthew_Parker_(Archbishop).jpg|thumb|150px|left|Matthew Parker, [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], removed Bourne from his office.]]
[[File:Matthew Parker (Archbishop).jpg|thumb|150px|left|Matthew Parker, [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], removed Bourne from his office.]]
For a few months Bourne was left in Somerset, apparently as a prisoner on parole; but on 31 May 1560 he received a summons to appear within twelve days before Parker and the Commissioners in London. He set out, as his reply to Parker shows, well knowing what to expect, and on 18 June was committed to the [[Tower of London]] as a close prisoner, joining five other bishops already confined there. He remained in the Tower for three years, for most of that time in [[solitary confinement]], when an outbreak of the plague in September 1563 caused him and his companions to be for a time transferred into the keeping of certain of their [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] successors in office; Bourne himself was apparently committed to that of [[Nicholas Bullingham|Bishop Nicholas Bullingham]] of Lincoln.<ref name="ce" />
For a few months Bourne was left in Somerset, apparently as a prisoner on parole; but on 31 May 1560 he received a summons to appear within twelve days before Parker and the Commissioners in London. He set out, as his reply to Parker shows, well knowing what to expect, and on 18 June was committed to the [[Tower of London]] as a close prisoner, joining five other bishops already confined there. He remained in the Tower for three years, for most of that time in [[solitary confinement]], when an outbreak of the plague in September 1563 caused him and his companions to be for a time transferred into the keeping of certain of their [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] successors in office; Bourne himself was apparently committed to that of [[Nicholas Bullingham|Bishop Nicholas Bullingham]] of Lincoln.<ref name="ce" />


There began that continual "tossing and shifting" of the deposed prelates "from one keeper to another, from one prison to another", which [[William Allen (cardinal)|William Allen]] describes as one part of their "martyrdom". The Council, in June, 1565, sent them all back to the Tower, although a little later in a letter of Parker (January 1566), Bullingham is mentioned as though again for a time Bishop Bourne's actual or intended keeper, while all the captive prelates continue during the next two years to be referred to as then in the public prisons. After nearly ten years of this, Bishop Bourne died, at Silverton in Devonshire, having been there committed (apparently not long) to the custody of [[George Carew (dean)|George Carew]], [[Archdeacon of Exeter]] and [[Dean of Windsor]]. There he was buried in the church.<ref name="ce" />
There began that continual "tossing and shifting" of the deposed prelates "from one keeper to another, from one prison to another", which [[William Allen (cardinal)|William Allen]] describes as one part of their "martyrdom". The Council, in June, 1565, sent them all back to the Tower, although a little later in a letter of Parker (January 1566), Bullingham is mentioned as though again for a time Bishop Bourne's actual or intended keeper, while all the captive prelates continue during the next two years to be referred to as then in the public prisons. After nearly ten years of this, Bishop Bourne died, at Silverton in Devonshire, having been there committed (apparently not long) to the custody of [[George Carew (dean)|George Carew]], [[Archdeacon of Exeter]] and [[Dean of Windsor]]. There he was buried in the church.<ref name="ce" />


He is one of the "Eleven Bishops", a picture of whose prison was allowed by [[Pope Gregory XIII]] to be erected in the [[English College]] church at Rome, amongst pictures of the [[Forty Martyrs of England and Wales|English Saints and Martyrs]], with an inscription declaring that they "died for their confession of the Roman See and Catholic faith, worn out by the miseries of their long imprisonment".<ref name="ce" />
He is one of the "Eleven Bishops", a picture of whose prison was allowed by [[Pope Gregory XIII]] to be erected in the [[English College, Rome|English College]] church at Rome, amongst pictures of the [[Forty Martyrs of England and Wales|English Saints and Martyrs]], with an inscription declaring that they "died for their confession of the Roman See and Catholic faith, worn out by the miseries of their long imprisonment".<ref name="ce" />


==References==
==References==
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*Sanders, ''De visibili Monarchia'' (Louvain, 1571)
*Sanders, ''De visibili Monarchia'' (Louvain, 1571)
*Rishton-Sanders, ''Rise of Anglican Schism Continued'', tr. Lewis (London, 1877)
*Rishton-Sanders, ''Rise of Anglican Schism Continued'', tr. Lewis (London, 1877)

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| title = [[Lord President of Wales and the Marches]]
| before = [[William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1551 creation)|Earl of Pembroke]]
| after = [[John Williams, 1st Baron Williams de Thame|Lord Williams of Thame]]
| years = 1558–1559
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| title = [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]]
| years = 1554–1559
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| before = [[William Barlow (bishop, died 1568)|William Barlow]]
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| after = [[Gilbert Berkeley]]
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bourne, Gilbert}}
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[[Category:1569 deaths]]
[[Category:1569 deaths]]
[[Category:16th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:16th-century English Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Bedford]]
[[Category:Archdeacons of Bedford]]
[[Category:Bishops of Bath and Wells]]
[[Category:Bishops of Bath and Wells]]
[[Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford]]
[[Category:History of Roman Catholicism in England]]
[[Category:History of Catholicism in England]]
[[Category:Tudor bishops]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

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| title = [[Bishop of Bath and Wells]]
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Latest revision as of 14:21, 28 September 2022

For the British zoologist, see Gilbert Charles Bourne.

The Right Reverend

Gilbert Bourne
Bishop of Bath and Wells
ChurchChurch of England/Roman Catholic
SeeDiocese of Bath and Wells
In office1554–1559
PredecessorWilliam Barlow
SuccessorGilbert Berkeley
Previous post(s)Archdeacon of Bedford
Personal details
Died10 September 1569
Silverton, Devon

Gilbert Bourne (date of birth unknown; d. 10 September 1569 at Silverton, Devon) was the last Roman Catholic Bishop of Bath and Wells, England.

Life to the death of Mary I

[edit]

Bourne was son of Philip Bourne, of Worcestershire. Entering the University of Oxford in 1524, he became a Fellow of All Souls in 1531, proceeded in Arts in 1532, and in 1543 was admitted to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity,[1] having in 1541 been named prebendary of Worcester, on the suppression of the old monastic chapter there.[2]

Moving to London in 1545, Bourne became a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, and in 1549 Archdeacon of Bedford with the benefice of rector of High Ongar in Essex. At the time, the holding of such preferments involved acceptance of the Church of England as brought into being under King Henry VIII and his son Edward VI. Soon after Queen Mary's accession, while preaching at St Paul's Cross, Bourne was pulled violently from the pulpit and narrowly escaped a dagger which a fanatic hurled at him.[3] On being appointed to the Bishopric of Bath and Wells, Bourne received absolution from Cardinal Reginald Pole, the papal legate, by letters dated 17 March 1554, from all censures incurred in the time of schism, and on 1 April was consecrated with five others by Bishop Bonner, assisted by Bishop Stephen Gardiner and Bishop Cuthbert Tunstall.[2]

During Bourne's brief episcopate, he seems to have taken no part in the Marian Persecutions, as Francis Godwin admits, he always used kindness rather than severity. There is no record of religious executions in his diocese. Queen Mary showed her high esteem for him by naming him Lord President of the Council of Wales.

Under Elizabeth

[edit]
Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester and an ally of Bourne.

At the beginning of Elizabeth's reign Bourne was kept away from London by illness and official duties, and he is only mentioned once as present in the Parliament. For this reason he was one of the last bishops to be deposed, and he was even named amongst those first commissioned to consecrate Matthew Parker, appointed primate of the queen's new hierarchy. Although Queen Elizabeth expressed herself content with his service, on his refusal to take the Oath of Supremacy, which four Somerset justices were commissioned on 18 October 1559 to administer, his deprivation of office quickly followed.[2]

Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury, removed Bourne from his office.

For a few months Bourne was left in Somerset, apparently as a prisoner on parole; but on 31 May 1560 he received a summons to appear within twelve days before Parker and the Commissioners in London. He set out, as his reply to Parker shows, well knowing what to expect, and on 18 June was committed to the Tower of London as a close prisoner, joining five other bishops already confined there. He remained in the Tower for three years, for most of that time in solitary confinement, when an outbreak of the plague in September 1563 caused him and his companions to be for a time transferred into the keeping of certain of their Anglican successors in office; Bourne himself was apparently committed to that of Bishop Nicholas Bullingham of Lincoln.[2]

There began that continual "tossing and shifting" of the deposed prelates "from one keeper to another, from one prison to another", which William Allen describes as one part of their "martyrdom". The Council, in June, 1565, sent them all back to the Tower, although a little later in a letter of Parker (January 1566), Bullingham is mentioned as though again for a time Bishop Bourne's actual or intended keeper, while all the captive prelates continue during the next two years to be referred to as then in the public prisons. After nearly ten years of this, Bishop Bourne died, at Silverton in Devonshire, having been there committed (apparently not long) to the custody of George Carew, Archdeacon of Exeter and Dean of Windsor. There he was buried in the church.[2]

He is one of the "Eleven Bishops", a picture of whose prison was allowed by Pope Gregory XIII to be erected in the English College church at Rome, amongst pictures of the English Saints and Martyrs, with an inscription declaring that they "died for their confession of the Roman See and Catholic faith, worn out by the miseries of their long imprisonment".[2]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bludworth-Brakell Pages 142-170 Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714
  2. ^ a b c d e f Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Gilbert Bourne" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  3. ^ Nichols, John Gough, editor. (1852). Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London. London: Printed for the Camden Society by J.B. Nichols and Son, printers. p. 83 and footnote 'e'. The Internet Archive website Retrieved 18 June 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Allen, Defence of Catholics (Ingolstadt, 1584)
  • Bridgett, Queen Elizabeth and the Catholic Hierarchy (London, 1889)
  • Bridgewater, Concertatio (August, Trev. 1588)
  • Gairnder, English Historical Review (April, 1906) 377
  • Godwin, Francis Catalogus Episcoporum Bathon. Et Wellen, (1594), in MS. Trin. Coll. Camb.
  • Phillips, Extinction of the Ancient Hierarchy (London, 1905)
  • Sanders, Report to Card. Morone, 1561 (Cath. Record society, 1905), I
  • Sanders, De visibili Monarchia (Louvain, 1571)
  • Rishton-Sanders, Rise of Anglican Schism Continued, tr. Lewis (London, 1877)
Political offices
Preceded by Lord President of Wales and the Marches
1558–1559 		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Bath and Wells
1554–1559 		Succeeded by
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