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#REDIRECT [[Alitalia#Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane]] |
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{{Rcat shell|{{R to section}}}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} |
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{{Infobox airline |
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|airline = Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. |
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|logo = Alitalia.svg |
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|logo_size = |
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|IATA = AZ |
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|ICAO = AZA |
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|callsign = ALITALIA |
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|subsidiaries = [[Alitalia Express]]<br />[[Volare Airlines]] |
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|founded = 1947 |
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|ceased = 12 January 2009 <small>(re-branded to [[Alitalia|Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana S.p.A]], later Alitalia – Società Aerea Italiana)</small> |
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|headquarters = Rome, Italy |
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|key_people = Augusto Fantozzi (Extraordinary administrator) |
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|hubs = |
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<div> |
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* [[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport]] |
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* [[Malpensa Airport]] (1998 – March 2008) |
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</div> |
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|focus_cities = [[Linate Airport]] |
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|frequent_flyer = MilleMiglia |
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|alliance = [[SkyTeam]] |
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|fleet_size = 172 |
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|destinations = 69 |
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|website = [http://www.alitaliaamministrazionestraordinaria.it/ Alitalia Amministrazione Straordinaria: Sito ufficiale delle società Alitalia, Alitalia Servizi, Alitalia Airport, Alitalia Express, Volare in Amministrazione Straordinaria] (in [[Italian language|Italian]]) |
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}} |
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'''Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane''' (''Alitalia – Italian Air Lines''), in its later stages known as '''Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in amministrazione straordinaria''' (''in Extraordinary Administration''), was the former Italian [[flag carrier]]. Based in [[Rome]], the company had been in precarious economic conditions for many years and was subsequently liquidated. |
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The Italian government and some other organizations have invested €4.9 billion since 1998. Several attempts to take over or merge Alitalia were made between 2005 and 2009. In 2006 the government could no longer offer support to the failing airline since it had been forbidden by the [[European Union]] to inject new capital. In August 2008 Alitalia went bankrupt. [[Compagnia Aerea Italiana]] (CAI) bought the Alitalia brand and some assets for €1.052 billion ($1.33 billion), paying €427 million in cash and taking on €625 million in Alitalia debts on 12 December 2008. |
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== History == |
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Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. was established on 16 September 1946 as ''Aerolinee Italiane Internazionali'' (Italian International Airlines). It was formed as a result of an Anglo-Italian agreement and was funded by the Italian government and [[British European Airways]] (BEA) in a 60/40 share arrangement with a capital of 900 million lire (£1,000,000).<ref>{{cite news|title=The Anglo-Italian Agreement|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201400.html|accessdate=23 December 2016|work=[[Flight International]]|date=18 July 1946|page=70}}</ref> Its popular name, Alitalia, blended the Italian words ''ali'' (wings) and ''Italia'' (Italy). It started operations on 5 May 1947, in which year it carried over 10,000 passengers. The inaugural flight was with a [[Fiat G.12|Fiat G.12 Alcione]], piloted by Virginio Reinero from [[Turin]] to [[Catania]] and Rome. |
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{{Rail freight |
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|float=left |
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|title=Revenue passenger-kilometres, scheduled flights only, in millions |
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|1960|1339 |
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|1965|3811 |
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|1969|6584 |
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|1971|8497 |
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|1975|9390 |
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|1980|12877 |
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|1985|16881 |
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|1989|20814 |
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|1995|31748 |
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|2000|40618 |
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|source=World Air Transport Statistics (IATA) |
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}} |
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[[File:Savoia SM95 I-DALL RWY 1948.jpg|thumb|right|Alitalia [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.95]] at Manchester in 1948]] |
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[[File:Douglas DC-8-43 I-DIWA Alitalia LAP 20.08.60 edited-2.jpg|thumb|Alitalia [[Douglas DC-8]] at [[London Heathrow Airport]] in August 1960]] |
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[[File:Vickers Viscount 798 I-LIRG AZ Linate 31.07.65 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|Alitalia [[Vickers Viscount]] at [[Milan Linate Airport]] in 1965]] |
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[[File:Alitalia Caravelle Haafke.jpg|thumb|right|An Alitalia [[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] seen in August 1973.]] |
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[[File:Alitalia Boeing 747-200 Bidini.jpg|thumb|right|An Alitalia [[Boeing 747-200]].]] |
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The first intercontinental flight left a year later, flying between [[Milan]] and cities in South America. The [[Savoia-Marchetti SM.95]] four engined airliner was used on European routes up to 1949. On 31 October 1957, Alitalia merged with Linee Aeree Italiane and took on the name of Alitalia Linee Aeree Italiane. Alitalia was owned by the Italian Ministry of the Treasury (49%), other shareholders, including employees (49%) and [[Air France-KLM]] (2%, now: 25%). |
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By 1960 Alitalia was operating jet airliners on some European routes (the [[Sud Caravelle]]) and the [[Douglas DC-8]] on several longer distance routes. The [[Vickers Viscount]] propeller-turbine four-engined airliner was flown by Alitalia on its European network throughout the 1960s. |
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In 1978 Alitalia had its head office in the Palazzo Alitalia in Rome.<ref>{{cite news|title=World Airline Directory|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1978/1978%20-%200638.html|accessdate=23 December 2016|work=[[Flight International]]|date=22 April 1978|page=1134}}</ref> |
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[[File:President Pope Shephard One Andrews Air Force Base.jpg|thumb|President [[George W. Bush]] walks the red carpet with [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. Behind is "[[Shepherd One]]" a specially dedicated plane for the Pope belonging to Alitalia. (2008)]] |
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By the 1990s Alitalia was carrying 25 million passengers annually. In 1997 it set up a regional subsidiary [[Alitalia Express]] and in 2001 became a member of [[SkyTeam]]. In November 2003 Alitalia announced that it would cut 2,700 jobs over the next three years to prepare the airline for a merger with [[Air France]] and [[KLM]]. In April 2004 Alitalia acquired [[Gandalf Airlines]], a bankrupt [[regional airline]], to gain additional slots at several European airports, mainly in Milan (Linate) and Paris (Charles De Gaulle). |
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Alitalia employed 18,182 staff as of March 2007. |
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Typically, the Pope flies on a chartered Alitalia Jet. The Pope's flight is often nicknamed "Shepherd One" by the press, while the actual callsign is "[[Air transports of heads of state and government#Vatican|Volo Papale]]" (papal flight, in Italian) followed by a serial number.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7349513.stm | title=Pope's US tour: Reporter's diary | first=David | last=Willey | work=[[BBC News]] | date=15 April 2008 |accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref> |
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==Financial and operating problems== |
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{{More citations needed section|date=August 2012}} |
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Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. lost money for years owing to problems with pilots and crew members{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} and labour difficulties{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}}, and to government and political interference with attempts to solve them.{{Citation needed|date=August 2012}} The Italian government supported Alitalia many times until the European Union set a moratorium on any support before 2011. Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. did not survive this moratorium. Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. went into liquidation in 2008. The viable parts of Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. were bought by the private company [[Alitalia|Alitalia – Compagnia Aerea Italiana]] on 12 December 2008, which started operations on 13 January 2009. |
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[[File:Alitalia boeing.jpg|thumb|Alitalia [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] at [[Ezeiza Airport]], Argentina, during a severe thunderstorm. (2006)]] |
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[[File:alitalia.md82.i-datu.arp.jpg|thumb|Alitalia [[McDonnell Douglas MD-82]] landing at [[London Heathrow Airport]], England. (2007)]] |
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Alitalia has reported only one year of profit (1998) since its foundation in 1946. Alitalia reported net losses of more than €3.7 billion between 1999 and 2008. Previous state aid to Alitalia included some €1.5 billion in 1998 from the government of premier Romano Prodi. In 2002 Alitalia received a capital increase of €1.432 billion under the government of Silvio Berlusconi. In 2004 the Berlusconi government gave a €400mn 'bridge' loan to Alitalia. In 2005 the capital of Alitalia was increased by €1.6 billion, including an over €500mn bond float issued with the promise of a return to profit in 2006. (Unfortunately the year ended with a loss of €626 million). In 2008 the Italian government gave a bridging loan of €300mn to Alitalia. |
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The government could in 2006 no longer offer support to the failing airline since it had been forbidden by the European Union to inject new capital. Therefore, as all other attempts to save the company had failed, the Italian government announced its willingness to lead Alitalia towards privatization by lowering its part of ownership in it. Several failed attempts to take over or merge Alitalia were made. |
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In May 2008 the government issued a decree that would exempt Alitalia from disclosing information on this sale to the market.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU to label Italian loan for Alitalia 'illegal'-source|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/alitalia-eu-idUSBRU00657420080606|accessdate=23 December 2016|work=Reuters|date=6 June 2008}}</ref> As a consequence the trade in Alitalia stock at the [[Borsa Italiana]] in Milan was halted indefinitely by the stock exchange authorities as of 4 June 2008. [[Intesa Sanpaolo]], as requested by the government, devised a plan in co-operation with the Italian cabinet. The plan was that Alitalia would file for bankruptcy, and thus be protected from its creditors. The next step of the plan was to split Alitalia in two parts, one part containing the debts and less promising parts of the company. After negotiations under supervision of the Italian government Alitalia filed for bankruptcy in August 2008. |
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In September 2008, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] revealed that he was offering his prayer for Alitalia after takeover talks broke down.<ref>{{cite news|title=Labour minister fears the worst as Alitalia talks break down|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/12/theairlineindustry|accessdate=23 December 2016|work=The Guardian|agency=Reuters|date=12 September 2008}}</ref> |
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CAI, [[Compagnia Aerea Italiana]], a consortium of Italian investors, presented a binding offer of €1,100 million to Alitalia's bankruptcy administrator on 30 October 2008 to acquire parts of the airline, pressing ahead despite refusal by some pilots and flight attendants' unions to sign on to the rescue plan. The Italian government and the bankruptcy administrator agreed to the CAI takeover offer on 19 November 2008. The profitable assets of Alitalia – Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. were transferred to CAI on 12 December 2008, when CAI paid the offered sum. CAI paid €1.052 billion ($1.33 billion), paying €427 million in cash and taking on €625 million in Alitalia debts. CAI is liable for all Alitalia expenses per 1 December 2008.<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news| url= https://www.reuters.com/article/rbssIndustryMaterialsUtilitiesNews/idUSL152504620081201/| title=Funds delay holds up Alitalia deal closure-source| date=1 December 2008| work=Reuters | first=Alberto | last=Sisto |accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref> CAI bought [[Air One]] as well. |
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== Financial situation == |
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{{main|Financial situation of Alitalia}} |
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== Volare controversy == |
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{{Update|date=November 2010}}In December 2005, the bankrupt Volare Group ([[Volareweb]], [[Air Europe (Italy)|Air Europe]]) was put up for sale. Alitalia bid to buy the group (other bidders were [[Air One]] and [[Meridiana]]/[[Eurofly]]). [[Air One]] went to court claiming that Alitalia could not buy Volare Group as it had received state aid in the past. The TAR (Regional Administrative Tribunal) of [[Lazio]] tried to block Alitalia's acquisition of Volare Group but abandoned the attempt, claiming that Alitalia had repaid its €400 million loan and so there would be nothing stopping it from buying Volare Group. Air One also went to court, unsuccessfully. Alitalia created Volare SpA to buy the Volare Group. The airlines were becoming closer and Volare Group had started providing soft maintenance services for some Alitalia aircraft in Milan Malpensa airport. However, the Italian Consiglio di Stato (State Council) on 23 May 2006 has once again blocked the acquisition of the airline. It is not clear what is going to happen as Volare is in serious financial difficulties. On 2 November 2006 TAR court decided that the administrative procedure used by the Italian government to sell Volare to Alitalia was invalid but the selling contract is still valid because the administrative court was declared incompetent about this topic. If Air One wants to obtain Volare it will have to go to the local civil court and ask it to declare that the selling contract is invalid. Alitalia's offer for 38 million euros was the winning bid. On 15 May 2006 the former Volare Group employees were transferred to Volare SpA (the Alitalia subsidiary). |
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== Malpensa hub == |
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In 1995 Alitalia signed a partnership with [[KLM]] which aimed at a merger. The aim of the partnership was to develop [[Malpensa International Airport|Malpensa]] as a hub, along with Amsterdam (which lacked enough [[landing slot]]s to expand further) and [[Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport|Rome Fiumicino]]. The problem was that in Milan there are two airports: Milan Linate (close to city centre but small) and Milan Malpensa (far from city but large and expandable). The Italian Government planned to move all flights to Milan Malpensa, apart from Milan-Rome Fiumicino. |
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The EU airlines went to the European Courts, as they claimed that the development of [[Milan Malpensa]] and the closure of [[Milan Linate]] would provide an anti-competitive situation in favour of Alitalia. They claimed that Alitalia could go on feeding its Fiumicino hub from Linate but they could not. Furthermore, they claimed that Malpensa was too far (40 km) and lacked the infrastructure to/from the city (the rail link would open a year after the opening of the hub). After many court disputes the EU decided to leave 33% of the flights at Linate until the rail link opened. |
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KLM broke off the alliance with Alitalia; and Cempella (head of Alitalia) was replaced by Mengozzi, who had the role of getting Alitalia back on track. In 2000 he signed a 2% share exchange with [[Air France]] and in 2001 joined the SkyTeam alliance. |
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In 2001 Alitalia renewed the ground handling contract with SEA. |
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In September 2007, Alitalia announced that it would nearly halve its hub at Malpensa and instead focus on Rome-Fiumicino and move all intercontinental flights there. Until this announcement, Malpensa had been Alitalia's primary hub for intercontinental flights. The transition away from Malpensa and towards Rome-Fiumicino was completed by the end of March 2008. Minor intercontentinental destinations, which previously received flights only from Malpensa, henceforth received only flights from Rome-Fiumicino, or else were discontinued. |
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== Lawsuits and complaints == |
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In December 2005, Italy's antitrust agency fined Alitalia €30,000 for misleading consumers by advertising a round-trip flight tariff while showing only the price of a one-way ticket. The antitrust agency in a statement said the advertisement appeared on Alitalia's web site during May and June 2005. |
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The [[European Court of Justice]] has in July 2008 rejected an appeal by Alitalia against the [[European Commission]] in a long-running inquiry into Italian state aid. The airline challenged conditions set by the commission in 2001 for the use of state aid in restructuring the company. The court ruling does not impose any new conditions on Alitalia and the commission considers the case settled. A statement: "the Court of First Instance dismisses Alitalia's action and confirms that the commission's decision of 2001 is valid". The court: "confirms the validity of each of the conditions imposed on Alitalia by the commission". These conditions were: |
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*a requirement that the Italian authorities act as a normal shareholder; |
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*that cash injections be used only for restructuring Alitalia and not for expanding the business; |
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*that Alitalia sells its holding in the Hungarian airline Malev; |
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*and that the state aid take the form of a one-off payment. |
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== Alitalia Servizi == |
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Carlo Cimoli, after becoming President and CEO of the Alitalia Group, divided the group into two holdings to cut costs. Alitalia (referred to as Alitalia Fly) controlled Alitalia Express, Volare SpA, Volare Airlines and Air Europe. Furthermore, it controlled 51% of Alitalia Servizi SpA which owned the following companies: |
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*'''[[Alitalia Airport]]''' (100%): ground handling services in Rome Fiumicino, Palermo, Cagliari and London Heathrow (under the Alitalia Servizi brand). It provided passenger handling services in: Catania, Naples. |
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*'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20141229131746/http://www.alitaliamaintenancesystems.it/ Alitalia Maintenance Systems]''' (60%): maintenance services, it was 40% controlled by Lufthansa Technik. |
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*'''Atitech''' (100%): maintenance services in Naples. |
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Alitalia Servizi also provided IT services for the Alitalia Group (which were partly outsourced) and ground handling in London Heathrow. It provided passenger handling in Brussels, Athens and Frankfurt. Alitalia Servizi was 49% owned by [[Fintecna]] (State agency). By 2008 it could have been sold as a whole or piece by piece as the agreements with the trade unions prevented Alitalia from selling Alitalia Servizi before 2008. Due to the Alitalia reorganisation Alitalia Servizi was never sold. |
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==Alitalia Cargo== |
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[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Alitalia Cargo at Pisa.JPG|thumb|An Alitalia Cargo [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]. (2008)]] |
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Established in 1947, Alitalia Cargo became a member of [[SkyTeam Cargo]] in 2001. Destinations concentrate on strategic markets in China, Korea, Japan and the USA. |
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Alitalia Cargo had a fleet of 5 [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11|MD-11]] freighter aircraft operating from [[Malpensa International Airport]]. |
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Due to financial turmoil Alitalia cargo division was sold off to new owners in 2009. |
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Alitalia Cargo ceased operations on 12 January 2009. |
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Alitalia Cargo operated three special Boeing 747 aircraft that were customized to hold 56 [[Cadillac Allanté]]s each. Chassis were shipped from Detroit to Italy. The completed bodies were shipped another 3,300 miles (5,300 km) from Italy in specially equipped Boeing 747s, 56 at a time, back to Cadillac's Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allante.4t.com/history.html|title=Allanté History|publisher=Cadillac Allanté / XLR Club|author=John Monzo|accessdate=11 March 2012}}</ref> |
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== Destinations == |
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{{main|Alitalia destinations}} |
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== Fleet == |
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[[File:Alitalia.a319-100.i-bimd.arp.jpg|thumb|An Alitalia [[Airbus A319]]. (2007)]] |
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[[File:Alitalia.a320-200.i-bikc.arp.jpg|thumb|An Alitalia [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]]. (2007)]] |
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[[File:Alitalia a321-100 i-bixk arp.jpg|thumb|An Alitalia [[Airbus A321]]. (2007)]] |
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[[File:Alitalia B777 P6180024.JPG|thumb|An Alitalia [[Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER]] parked alongside a [[Northwest Airlines]] [[Boeing 747-200]] at [[Narita International Airport]]. (2006)]] |
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The Alitalia fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at 31 March 2008): |
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<center> |
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{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center;" |
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|+ '''Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane Fleet''' |
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|- style="background:Green;" |
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! rowspan="2" | <span style="color:white;">Aircraft</span> |
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! rowspan="2" style="width:30px;" | <span style="color:white;">Total</span> |
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! colspan="3" | <span style="color:white;">Passengers</span> |
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! rowspan="2" | <span style="color:white;">Routes</span> |
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! rowspan="2" | <span style="color:white;">Notes</span> |
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|- style="background:Green; |
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! style="width:25px;" | <span style="color:white;"> <abbr title="Magnifica Class"><span style="color:white;">J</span></abbr> |
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! style="width:25px;" | <span style="color:white;"> <abbr title="Economy Class"><span style="color:white;">Y</span></abbr> |
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! style="width:25px;" | <span style="color:white;"> Total</span> |
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|-style="background:Green; |
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!colspan="7"|<span style="color:white;">Alitalia fleet |
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|- |
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|[[Airbus A319-100]] |
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|22 |
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|— |
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|126 |
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|126 |
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|Domestic<br />International short-medium |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Airbus A320-200]] |
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|40 |
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|— |
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|153 |
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|153 |
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|Domestic<br />International short-medium |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Airbus A321-100]] |
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|12 |
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|— |
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|187 |
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|187 |
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|Domestic<br />International short-medium |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 777-200ER]] |
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|11 |
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|42 |
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|249 |
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|291 |
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|International long haul |
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| |
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|-style="background:Green; |
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!colspan="7"|<span style="color:white;">Alitalia Express fleet |
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|- |
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|[[ATR 72-212]] |
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|4 |
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|— |
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|66 |
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|66 |
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|Regional |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[ATR 72-500]] |
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|6 |
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|— |
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|66 |
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|66 |
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|Regional |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Embraer ERJ-145]] |
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|14 |
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|— |
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|48 |
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|48 |
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|Domestic<br />International short-medium |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Embraer ERJ-170]] |
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|6 |
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|— |
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|72 |
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|72 |
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|Domestic<br />International short-medium |
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| |
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|-style="background:Green; |
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!colspan="7"|<span style="color:white;">Alitalia Cargo fleet |
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|- |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas MD-11F]] |
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|5 |
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|colspan="3"|Cargo |
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|Cargo |
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| |
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|- |
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|} |
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<sup> *Magnifica is the name of the Business Class offered on International medium-long haul flights.</sup> |
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</center> |
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=== Aircraft operated=== |
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The airline operated the following aircraft: |
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<center> |
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{| |
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| STYLE="vertical-align: top"| |
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{| class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
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|+ '''[[List of aircraft operated by Alitalia#List of historical aircraft operated by Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane|Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane retired aircraft]]''' |
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|- bgcolor=green style="color: black; " |
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!<span style="color:white;">Aircraft</span> |
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!<span style="color:white;">Introduced</span> |
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!<span style="color:white;">Retired</span> |
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!<span style="color:white;">Notes</span> |
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|- |
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|[[Airbus A300]] |
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|1980 |
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|1997 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Avro 691 Lancastrian]] |
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|1947 |
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|1951 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 727-200]] |
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|1977 |
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|1985 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 737 Classic|Boeing 737-200C]] |
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|1992 |
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|1995 |
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|operated by [[Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane#Alitalia Cargo|Alitalia Cargo]]. |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 747-100]] |
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|1970 |
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|1979 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 747-200B]] |
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|1971<br />1980 |
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|1980<br />2002 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER]] |
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|1995 |
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|2014 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Convair CV-240]] |
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|1953 |
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|1956 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Convair CV-340]] |
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|1953 |
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|1960 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Convair CV-440|Convair 440 Metropolitan]] |
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|1957 |
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|1960 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Curtiss C-46 Commando]] |
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|1962 |
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|1968 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-3]] |
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|1946 |
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|1964 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-4]] |
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|1950 <br /> 1964 |
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|1954 <br /> 1965 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-6]] |
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|1950 |
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|1963 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-6B]] |
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|1953 |
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|1971 |
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|One aircraft crashed as Flight 451. |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-7C]] |
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|1958 |
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|1965 |
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|One aircraft crashed as Flight 618. |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-8-43]] |
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|1960 |
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|1977 |
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|One aircraft crashed as [[Alitalia Flight 771|Flight 771]].<br/>One aircraft crashed as [[Alitalia Flight 112|Flight 112]].<br/>One aircraft crashed as Flight 660. |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-8-62]] |
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|1967 |
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|1981 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Douglas DC-9-30]] |
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|1967 |
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|1996 |
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|One aircraft crashed as [[Alitalia Flight 4128|Flight 4128]].<br/>One aircraft crashed as [[Alitalia Flight 404|Flight 404]]. |
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|- |
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|[[Fiat G.12]] |
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|1947 |
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|1950 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Fokker F27]] |
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|1964 |
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|1985 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] |
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|1973 |
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|1985 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] |
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|1991 |
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|2003 |
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|from 2004 operated by [[Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane#Alitalia Cargo|Alitalia Cargo]]. |
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|- |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas MD-82]] |
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|1983 |
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|2013 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Savoia-Marchetti S.M.95]] |
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|1947 |
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|1951 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Sud Aviation Caravelle]] |
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|1960 |
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|1977 |
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| |
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|- |
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|[[Vickers Viscount]] |
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|1957 |
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|1968 |
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|One aircraft crashed during a crew check.<br/>One aircraft crashed as Flight 45. |
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|} |
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|} |
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</center> |
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== MilleMiglia == |
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The airline's [[frequent flyer]] programme was named "MilleMiglia", and was part of the [[SkyTeam]] alliance programme, allowing passengers to collect miles and redeem them with free tickets across the whole alliance. |
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== Incidents and accidents == |
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Seven Alitalia flights were [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacked]], and 28 [[Aviation accidents and incidents|aircraft accidents or incidents]] involved Alitalia planes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alitalia|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=6536|website=Aviation Safety Database|accessdate=23 December 2016}}</ref> |
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Two Alitalia pilots, Alberto Nassetti and Pier Paolo Racchetti, were killed while acting as passengers during the [[1994 A330 test flight crash|1994 A330 test flight]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+WQ+E-1998-2512+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN |title=Subject: Air crash at Blagnac (France) |author=[[European Parliament]] |date=30 July 1998 |accessdate=23 December 2016 |quote=The seven victims included two Italian pilots working for Alitalia, Alberto Nassetti and Pier Paolo Racchetti, who were in Toulouse for a five-day commercial training programme at the headquarters of the French company.}}</ref> Alitalia actually never purchased the A330, and dedicated two [[Boeing 767]] aircraft to the lost pilots.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} |
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On 30 June 1982, an Alitalia Boeing 747 with 340 passengers was hijacked by a Sri Lankan man, [[Sepala Ekanayake]]. He demanded $300,000, for the plane to fly to [[Bangkok-Don Muang International Airport]] and for his wife and son to be brought to Bangkok. After the hijacking Sepala Ekanayake was sent to Sri Lanka where he was arrested and sentenced to prison.<ref>{{ASN accident|type=Hijacking|id=19820630-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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<center> |
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{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse" |
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|+ '''Alitalia Incidents and Accidents''' |
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|- bgcolor=green |
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!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:white;">Flight</span> |
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!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:white;">Date</span> |
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!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:white;">Aircraft</span> |
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!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:white;">Location</span> |
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!rowspan="2"|<span style="color:white;">Description</span> |
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!colspan="4"|<span style="color:white;">Injuries</span> |
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|- |
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|-bgcolor=ivory |
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!Fatal |
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!Serious |
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!Minor |
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!Uninjured |
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|- |
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| 451 |
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| 18 December 1954 |
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| [[Douglas DC-6B]] |
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| New York, [[Idlewild Airport]] |
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| The DC-6 was on its 4th attempt to land at New York-Idlewild when it struck the pier which supported the left row of runway 04 slope line approach lights.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-LINE|id=19541218-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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| 34 |
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| 0 |
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| 1 |
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| 0 |
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|- |
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| |
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| 21 December 1959 |
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| [[Vickers Viscount]] |
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| Rome, [[Ciampino Airport]] |
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| Crashed short of the runway while used for a crew check involving a simulated emergency landing.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-LIZT|id=19591221-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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| 2 |
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| 0 |
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| 0 |
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| 0 |
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|- |
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|AZ618 |
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|26 February 1960 |
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|[[Douglas DC-7]]C |
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|[[Shannon, County Clare|Shannon]], Ireland |
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|Crashed after losing height after takeoff for unknown reasons.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-DUVO|id=19600226-2|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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|34 |
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|18 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|[[Alitalia Flight 771|771]] |
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|7 July 1962 |
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|[[Douglas DC-8]] |
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|[[Mumbai]], [[Sahar International Airport]], India |
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|[[Controlled flight into terrain]] while on a night-time approach following a navigation error that caused a premature descent.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-DIWD|id=19620707-1|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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|94 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|45 |
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| 28 March 1964 |
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| [[Vickers Viscount]] |
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| [[Naples]], [[Mount Vesuvius|Monte Somma]], Italy |
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| Crashed during an incorrect visual approach at night in bad weather conditions.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-LAKE|id=19640328-1|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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| 45 |
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| 0 |
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| 0 |
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| 0 |
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|- |
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|660 |
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| 2 August 1968 |
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| [[Douglas DC-8]] |
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| [[Milan]], [[Malpensa Airport]], Italy |
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| Crashed following a non-standard approach procedure in very severe weather conditions.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-DIWF|id=19680802-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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| 13 |
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| 0 |
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| 82 |
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| 0 |
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|- |
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|[[Alitalia Flight 112|112]] |
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|5 May 1972 |
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|[[Douglas DC-8]] |
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|[[Palermo]], [[Punta Raisi Airport]], Italy |
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|[[Controlled flight into terrain]] while on a night-time approach non-compliant with the established procedures.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-DIWB|id=19720505-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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|115 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|[[Alitalia Flight 4128|4128]] |
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|23 December 1978 |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]] |
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|[[Palermo]], [[Punta Raisi Airport]], Italy <br /> |
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|Crashed in the sea shortly before landing while on a night-time approach following a premature descent.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-DIKQ|id=19781223-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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|107 |
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|0 |
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|0 |
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|21 |
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|- |
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|[[Alitalia Flight 404|404]] |
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|14 November 1990 |
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|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]] |
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|[[Zürich]], [[Kloten Airport]], Switzerland |
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|[[Controlled flight into terrain]] while on a night-time approach after descending below the glide path because of incorrect indications in the NAV equipment.<ref>{{ASN accident|title=I-ATJA|id=19901114-0|accessdate=2016-12-23}}</ref> |
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|46 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|0 |
|||
|} |
|||
</center> |
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==Head office== |
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Alitalia's head office was located in Rome. The airline's last head office was on Viale Alessandro Marchetti.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane |title=Copyright |url=http://www.alitalia.com/EN_EN/footer/pop_copyright.htm |website=Alitalia |accessdate=23 December 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220040218/http://www.alitalia.com/EN_EN/footer/pop_copyright.htm |archivedate=20 February 2008 |quote=ALITALIA - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. VAT 00903301000, Viale Alessandro Marchetti, 111, 00148 ROME - Italy |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1992 Agis Salpukas of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described the then-new headquarters building as "sleek."<ref>Salpukas, Agis. "[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/07/business/will-alitalia-survive-competition-american-style.html?pagewanted=all Will Alitalia Survive Competition American-Style?]." ''[[The New York Times]]''. 7 June 1992. Page 35, New York Edition.</ref> Originally the airline had its head office at Via Maresciallo Pilsudski. In 1967 Alitalia moved its head office to a newly constructed building in the [[Esposizione Universale Roma]] (EUR) in Rome.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Alitalia: 1964–1967|url=http://corporate.alitalia.it/en/group/history/history_1964.htm|website=Alitalia|accessdate=23 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505220403/http://corporate.alitalia.it/en/group/history/history_1964.htm|archivedate=5 May 2008}}</ref> That head office, the Palazzo Alitalia, was in Piazzale Giulio Pastore.<ref>{{cite news|title=World Airline Survey|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1968/1968%20-%200538.html|accessdate=23 December 2016|work=[[Flight International]]|date=11 April 1968|page=520}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Portal bar|Italy|Companies|Aviation}} |
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{{Navboxes |
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|list = |
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{{SkyTeam}} |
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{{Navbox Airlines of Italy}} |
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{{Association of European Airlines}} |
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}} |
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[[Category:1946 establishments in Italy]] |
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[[Category:2009 disestablishments in Italy]] |
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[[Category:Airlines established in 1946]] |
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[[Category:Airlines disestablished in 2009]] |
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[[Category:Defunct airlines of Italy]] |
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[[Category:Alitalia]] |
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[[Category:Association of European Airlines members]] |
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[[Category:Former IATA members]] |
Latest revision as of 14:47, 8 October 2021
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