View source for Wikipedia:WikiProject Brazil/PLG Glossary

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Brazilian Portuguese bilingual glossary for politics, law, and government topics, including criminal investigations.

This glossary of terms initially contained terms commonly used in [[:pt:#|Portuguese]] and English Wikipedia articles about [[Operation Car Wash]], and other related articles. It is designed as an editing aid for Wikipedia editors [[WP:TRANSLATION|translating articles]] from Brazilian Portuguese into English.
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== Introduction ==

=== Purpose ===

Glossary for Brazilian terms for politics, law, government, and criminal investigations, originally created for assistance in translating terms from Brazilian Portuguese into English in ''[[:pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato|Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato]]'', ''[[:pt:Fases da Operação Lava Jato|Fases da Operação Lava Jato]]'', and similar articles.

=== Scope ===

Because this is a specialized glossary, the first meaning(s) listed for a term will be the one(s) related to topics within the scope of this glossary, even if that is not the most common meaning in the spoken or written language for the term in a more general context.  For example: the first meaning listed for [[#Recurso]] is "appeal"; a term from the law. A more common meaning of {{lang|pt|recurso}} is "resource"; but if listed at all, that more common meaning will be shown at the bottom of the entry.  This glossary is not a general or indiscriminate list of terms from Brazilian Portuguese, and in order to maintain its usefulness entries outside its scope will be removed.

=== Structure ===

There is one alphabetical list, with [[headword]]s in Portuguese or English, and aliases, translations, or explanations given as appropriate. Because this is about translation in one direction, i.e., [[pt-BR]] → [[English language|en]], nearly all the headwords are in Portuguese. Normally, the language of the headword is obvious; but when it isn't, (e.g., [[#Crime]]), then the translation context will clarify.  English headwords appear occasionally when they may be helpful to a pt-BR → en translator, either by pointing out multiple meanings, unexpected equivalents, or to point out common concepts in Anglo-Saxon context that have no exact equivalent and need some explanation. A few headwords are present not because they are specifically topical to politics, law, or government, but because they may turn up frequently in such contexts and have a high likelihood of poor results from [[WP:MT|machine translation]]; these entries are [[#cite_note-MTFAIL-1|tagged with an explanatory note]].

=== Terminology ===

This glossary concerns meaning and usage in [[Brazilian Portuguese]]. To avoid constant repetition, where the word ''Portuguese'' appears alone, it means ''Brazilian Portuguese''.  (Note: Wikipedias are [[List of Wikipedias|by language, not country]]; there is one [[:pt:#|Portuguese Wikipedia]] for all [[Lusophone countries]]; there is no separate "Brazilian Wikipedia".)

=== Disclaimer === 

Wikipedia is [[WP:NOTDICTIONARY|not a dictionary]], and in particular, {{xt|'''no warranty whatsoever''' is made that}} this article, or {{xt|any of the articles are accurate. There is absolutely no assurance that any statement contained in an article touching on legal matters is true, correct or precise.}} See [[Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer]] for complete details.

== Glossary of terms ==


=== A ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>

;{{Vanchor|Abastecimento}}
: see ''{{slink||Diretoria de Abastecimento}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Absolvição|absolvição|absolvicao}}
: Acquittal. A decision by a magistrate that the defendant is not guilty. If there is no final judgment, there can still be an appeal. See {{slink||Sentença}}.

;{{Vanchor|Absolvição sumária|absolvição sumária|absolvicao sumaria}}
: Summary acquittal. A sentence by a magistrate which terminates the proceedings with acquittal of the defendant without having to complete all states. See article 397 of Decree-law 3.689/41.

;{{Vanchor|AC}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:AC]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:AC]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Acre (state)]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Rio Branco, Acre|Rio Branco]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Ação|ação|Ações|ações}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ação (direito)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:ação]]
: lawsuit.  (plural: {{lang|pt|ações}})
: Action; related to ''{{slink||conduct}}'' of a person, and subject to theories of ''{{slink||culpability}}'' in criminal law, such as Hans Welzel's ''{{slink||Finalist theory of action}}'' or the ''{{slink|| Causalist theory}}''.
: Expressions: {{lang|pt|ações na justiça}} ("lawsuits"); {{lang|pt|ações judiciais}} ("lawsuits")
: In context:
:* {{lang|pt|Essas ações judiciais estão em trâmite na Justiça do Trabalho}}{{snd}}<small>These lawsuits are underway in the Labor Court</small>
:* {{lang|pt|A indústria da música entrou com centenas de ações na justiça contra os consumidores...}}{{snd}}<small>The music industry launched hundreds of lawsuits against consumers...</small> 
: In other contexts: actions; shares (of stock); campaigns; measures.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Acordo de leniência|Acordo de leniência}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Acordo de leniência]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Leniency agreement]] 
: a leniency agreement between a company and legal authorities. An agreement a company enters into with law authorities, to reduce their exposure to fines for criminal activity in exchange for something; typically an agreement to assist in investigations. Part of the {{slink||Anti-Corruption Act}}.<ref name="Lovells-2017">{{cite web |author=Hogan Lovells |title=Brazil's new guidelines for leniency agreements in corruption investigations |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=2a332fcd-7345-4361-8600-d07af62abbe4 |date=15 September 2017 |website=Lexology |publisher=Law Business Research |accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="odeb-leniency">{{cite web |lang=pt |author=Da redação |title=Odebrecht negocia maior acordo de leniência do mundo |trans-title=Odebrecht negotiates biggest leniency agreement in the world |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/odebrecht-negocia-maior-acordo-de-leniencia-do-mundo/ |date=8 November 2016 |website=Veja |publisher=[[Editora Abril]] |accessdate=20 January 2020}}</ref> Chapter 5 of the {{slink||Anti-corruption Act}} provides the legal underpinning for companies to enter into leniency agreements with the authorities.<ref name="anti-corr act">{{cite book |author=Lobo & Ibeas |title=Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act (Federal Law 12,846/2013) |url=http://www.loboeibeas.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Anti-Corruption-Act.pdf |format=pdf |chapter=V Leniency Agreement |page=11 |date=1 August 2013 |publisher=Lobo & Ibeas Attorneys |accessdate=20 January 2020}} (bilingual pt/en)</ref> 
: Similar to ''{{slink||Delação premiada}}'' in its [[plea bargain]]ing aspect, but as a leniency accord deals with a company's assets not its employees.
: see ''{{slink||Odebrecht leniency agreement}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Adversarial system|adversarial system|adversary system}}
: See {{slink||Sistema acusatório}}.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=214}}

;{{Vanchor|Agente|agente}}
: Often just the cognate ''agent''; also ''broker'', ''representative'', and other terms. In the context of real or suspected wrongdoing, can be ''perpetrator'', ''the accused'', ''the suspect'', or with less implied suspicion, ''partipant'', ''actor'', and so on.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} An example can be seen in the use of {{lang|pt|agente}} in the JusBrasil article at ''{{slink||Falsidade ideológica}}''.
: Expressions:
:* {{lang|pt|agentes públicos}}{{snd}}public officials
:* {{lang|pt|agentes políticos}}{{snd}}political players, actors, or officials

;{{Vanchor|AL}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:AL]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:AL]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Alagoas]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Maceió]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Aliciamento|aliciamento|aliciar}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:aliciar]] 
: See ''{{slink||suborno}}''.

;{{Vanchor|AM}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:AM]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:AM]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Manaus]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Ampla defesa|ampla defesa}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Princípio do contraditório e da ampla defesa]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Right to counsel]]
: Constitutionally protected right of full defense, in Article 5, paragraph LV. Guaranteed in two ways: either self representation, or professional defense.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=2015}} See ''{{slink||Princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa}}.

;{{Vanchor|Anti-Corruption Act|AntiCorruption act|Anti-corruption Act|Anticorruption act}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Brazilian Anti-Corruption Act]] 
: aliases: Clean Company Act; Law no. 12.846/2013
: law enacted in 2014 targeting corrupt corrupt practices among business entities doing business in Brazil. It defines civil and administrative penalties, as well as the possibility of reductions in penalties for cooperation with law enforcement under a written ''{{slink||Acordo de leniência}}'' (Leniency agreement). 
: see ''{{slink||Lei anticorrupção}}''

;{{Vanchor|Antijuricidade|antijuricidade|Antijurídica|antijurídica}}
: Unlawfulness. One of the three elements of the traditional conception of a criminal offense (''{{slink||delito}}'') along with ''{{slink||tipicidade}}'' and ''{{slink||culpabilidade}}''.{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976|p=182—183}}. Magalhães Noronha defines ''{{slink||ilícita}}'' as a synonym,{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976|p=184}} and defines {{lang|pt-BR|antijuricidade}} as a "relation of opposition between action and law".{{efn|name="Magalhães Noronha quote"}}{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976|p=184}}{{sfn|Magalhães Noronha|1974|p=95}}{{sfn|Brandão|1997|p=23}}

;{{Vanchor|AP}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:AP]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:AP]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Amapá]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Macapá]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Apartamentos funcionais|apartamentos funcionais|Apartamento funcional|apartamento funcional}}
: Executive apartment set aside in the capital, Brasília, by the government for the use of members of the ''{{slink||Chamber of Deputies}}'' while they are in the capital, typically half the week.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |title=Conheça os novos apartamentos onde os deputados moram em Brasília |trans-title=Get to know the new apartments where deputies live in Brasilia |url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/fotos/conheca-os-novos-apartamentos-onde-os-deputados-moram-em-brasilia-01122014#!/foto/1 |date=5 November 2012 |website=R7 |publisher= |accessdate=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |last=Amorim |first=Diego |title=Por que os deputados precisam de apartamento funcional? |trans-title=Why do deputies need an executive apartment? |url=https://www.oantagonista.com/brasil/por-que-os-deputados-precisam-de-apartamento-funcional/ |date=5 July 2018 |website=O Antagnista |publisher=Mare Clausum Publicações |accessdate=26 January 2020}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Arrest warrant}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Arrest warrant]]
: ''{{slink||Mandado de prisão}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Associação criminosa|associação criminosa|Associacao criminosa|associacao criminosa}} &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Associação criminosa]]
: see ''{{slink||Quadrilha}}'', ''{{slink||Organização criminosa}}''.

;{{vanchor|Assumir um risco|assumir um risco}}
: To "assume", in the sense of to knowingly accept a risk. This expression is used in the context of determining the extent of ''{{slink||dolo}}'' or ''{{slink||culpa}}'' of a perpetrator of an act. If the owner permits his tourist boat to be vastly overloaded and it lacks life preservers and it then founders with loss of life, that wasn't the desired (premeditated) outcome, but it was a foreseeable risk. The owner is said to have "assumed" or accepted the risk, and in the process can be charged with a crime based on ''{{slink||culpa}}'', but not on ''{{slink||dolo}}''.{{sfn|Fachini|2023}}

;{{Vanchor|Atibaia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Atibaia]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Atibaia]] 
: See ''{{slink||Sítio de Atibaia}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Autor}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Autor (direito)]] &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:autor]]
: plaintiff or claimant in a civil suit. 
: Syn: ''{{slink||Querelante}}''.  See also ''{{slink||Réu}}''.
: Expressions: ''parte autora'': plaintiff ("complaining party")
: In other contexts: in the more common, non-legal sense, just like "author" in English.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

=== B ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|BA}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:BA]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:BA]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Bahia]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Bem jurídico|bem jurídico|Bens jurídicos|bens jurídicos}}
: {{lang|pt-BR|Bem jurídico}} is "any vital interest of the community or the individual, which is legally protected due to its social significance" ({{ill|Hans Welzel|de|Hans Welzel|v=sup}}, 1997).{{sfn|da Silva|2013|p=71|loc=quoting Welzel (1997) p. 5<!--Welzel, 'Derecho penal alemán: parte geral', Santiago 1997, p. 5-->}}
: {{lang|pt-BR|bens jurídicos}} are values of individual or collective life, values of culture, which, in most cases, are the object of both legal and moral precepts.{{sfn|Polastri Lima|1988|p=69}} quoting Anibal BRUNO Direito Penal. Parte Geral. Tomo I. Forense; Rio; 1959; p. 18 oclc=Anibal Bruno, Direito Penal. Parte Geral.: {{sfn|Polastri Lima|1988|p=69}} es: bien juridico

;{{Vanchor|Bribery}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Bribery]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:bribery]] 
: ''{{slink||Suborno}}''. In Brazil, the word ''{{slink||Propina}}'' is a synonym. See also ''{{slink||Kickback}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Burden of proof}} &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Burden of proof (law)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp;   [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ônus da prova]]
: [[:pt:Ônus da prova]].

=== C ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica]]
: A unique number that identifies a ''[[#Pessoa Jurídica|§&nbsp;pessoa juridica]]'' ([[juridical person]]). Similar to an [[Employer Identification Number]]. Abbreviated ''''{{slink||CNPJ}}''''. Contrast ''{{slink||Cadastro de pessoas físicas}}''.

;{{Vanchor|CADE}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Cadeia|cadeia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:cadeia]] 
: See ''{{slink||Penitenciária}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Caixa|caixa}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Caixa]]
: cashier; cash register, cashbox; teller; treasurer; cash
: Expressions:
:* {{lang|pt|fluxo de caixa}}{{snd}}cash flow
:* {{lang|pt|geração de caixa }}{{snd}}cash flow generation
: In other contexts: box, crate{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} 
: see also: ''{{slink||Caixa dois}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Caixa dois|caixa dois|Caixa 2|caixa 2}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Caixa dois]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Caixa 2]]
: a [[slush fund]]. lit. "cashbox two", this is a repository of unrecorded funds not reported to the appropriate tax authorities, and typically used as a slush fund for bribery or money laundering operations. See [[Caixa 2]].

;{{Vanchor|Câmara dos Deputados|Camara dos Deputados}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Câmara dos Deputados]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil]]
: [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)]] (in BR context; i.e., for [[:pt:Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil]].) The lower of the two houses of the ''{{slink||Poder legislativo}}'' (legislative branch) of the ''{{slink||Congresso nacional}}'', first created in 1824.  The Chamber of deputies is located in the federal capital, and made up of 513 deputies who are elected by ''[[#Voto proporcional|§&nbsp;proportional vote]]'' for a four-year term. The other chamber of Congress is the ''{{slink||Senado Federal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Cárcere|cárcere|carcere}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:cárcere]] 
: See ''{{slink||Penitenciária}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Cassação|cassação|cassacao}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Cassação]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:cassação]]
: removal from office. Verb: ''[[:pt:wikt:cassar|cassar]]'', to remove from office; (in other contexts: break, cancel, annul, revoke).
: ''Usage note:'' in the past participle form {{lang|pt|cassado}}, may be applied either to the person, or to their term ({{lang|pt|mandato}}), e.g.:
:* {{lang|pt|Demóstenes Torres foi senador de 2003 até 2012, quando foi cassado pelo Senado Federal por quebra de decoro parlamentar.}}
:* {{lang|pt|Em maio de 2016, teve o mandato de Senador cassado por 74 votos a favor, uma abstenção, nenhum voto contrário.}} (talking about [[Delcídio do Amaral]])

;{{Vanchor|CE}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:CE]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:CE]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Ceará]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Fortaleza]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|CF}}
: abbreviation for Constituição Federal.  See ''{{slink||Constituição do Brasil}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of deputies}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Câmara dos Deputados]]
: The lower chamber of the ''{{slink||National Congress}}''.  See ''{{slink||Câmara dos Deputados}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Chapa}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Chapa]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:chapa]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Slate (elections)]]
: a {{lang|pt|chapa eleitoral}} is an electoral slate: a [[Slate (elections)|slate of candidates]] in an election.
: In other contexts: ''plate'', ''sheet'', and [[:pt:Chapa|many other meanings]].{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Cifra oculta}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Dark figure of crime]]
: literally, "hidden figure"; also sometimes, {{lang|pt|cifra negra}} ("black figure").
: This generally stands in for, or is part of the expression {{lang|pt|a cifra oculta da criminalidade}}, lit. the "hidden figure of criminality". This is a term from criminology, and refers to statistics about unreported crime.  In English, the term is the "[[dark figure of crime]]" or the "hidden figure of crime".

;{{vanchor|Circunstâncias agravantes|circunstância agravante|circunstancia agravante|Circunstância agravante|circunstâncias agravantes|circunstancias agravantes}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Circunstâncias agravantes (Brasil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Aggravating circumstances]] 
: [[Aggravating circumstances]]. 

;{{vanchor|Circunstâncias atenuantes|circunstância atenuante|circunstancia atenuante|Circunstância atenuante|circunstâncias atenuantes|circunstancias atenuantes}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Circunstâncias atenuantes (Brasil)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Mitigating factor]] 
: [[Mitigating circumstances]].  

;{{Vanchor|Citação|Citacao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Citação]]
: [[Service of process]].
: a legal procedure in which a defendant is notified that a case is being brought against them and from which the triangular relationship among the three involved parties involved in the dispute, namely plaintiff (''''{{slink||Autor}}''''), defendant (''''{{slink||Réu}}'''') and judge,  is closed.  See ''{{slink||Mandado judicial}}'', ''{{slink||Warrant}}''.
: see Usage note at ''{{slink||Legal process}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Civil procedure}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Civil procedure]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito processual civil]]
: ''{{slink||Direito processual civil}}''; <==R from [[:pt:Direito Jurisdicional]].
: the rules and standards that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits (as opposed to procedures in criminal law matters)

;{{Vanchor|CNPJ}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Cadastro Nacional da Pessoa Jurídica}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Código Civil brasileiro|Codigo Civil brasileiro}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Código Civil brasileiro]]
: the Brazilian Civil Code. Not yet in en-wiki; but see [[:fr:Code civil brésilien]] or [[:es:Código Civil de Brasil]].

;{{Vanchor|Código de Processo Civil|Codigo de Processo Civil}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Código de Processo Civil de 2015]] &nbsp; &nbsp;
: the {{ill|Brazilian Civil Procedure Code|pt|Código de Processo Civil de 2015|v=sup}} (not to be confused with the Brazilian Civil Code).
: the set of rules designed to regulate Brazil's civil proceedings. It is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the ''[[#União|§&nbsp;Federal Government]]'', through the ''{{slink||National Congress}}'' to legislate on ''[[#Civil procedure|§&nbsp;civil procedure]]''.
: Usually abbreviated ''[[#CPC|§&nbsp;CPC]]'' in Portuguese.

;{{Vanchor|Código de Processo Penal|Codigo de Processo Penal}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Código de Processo Penal]] &nbsp; &nbsp;
: the {{ill|Brazilian Code of criminal procedure|pt|Código de Processo Penal brasileiro|v=sup}} (not to be confused with the [[Penal Code of Brazil]]).
: the set of rules designed to regulate Brazil's criminal proceedings. It is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the ''[[#União|§&nbsp;Federal Government]]'', through the ''{{slink||National Congress}}'' to legislate on criminal procedure.
: Usually abbreviated ''[[#CPP|§&nbsp;CPP]]'' in Portuguese.

;{{Vanchor|Coercive driving|coercive driving}} {{Cross}}
: There is no such thing as "coercive driving". If you see this phrase in the English press, it means they are relying on [[WP:MACHINETRANSLATION|machine translation]], which screws up badly in giving this result. Do not use this phrase in en-wiki.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}
: See ''{{slink||Condução coercitiva}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Colaboração premiada|Colaboracao premiada}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg |32px |link=:pt:Colaboração premiada]]
: Literally: "rewarded collaboration"; [[plea bargain]].  Common name for the legal term ''[[#Delação premiada|§&nbsp;Delação premiada]]''. Established in the {{slink||Anti-corruption Act}} in 2014.<ref name="Janot-2017">{{cite web |author= |title=The Role of Plea Bargains in the Fight Against Corruption: A Presentation by Brazil's Attorney General, Rodrigo Janot |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-role-plea-bargains-the-fight-against-corruption-presentation-brazils-attorney-general |website=Brazil Institute |publisher=Wilson Center |date=2017-07-20 |accessdate=20 January 2020 |quote=In Brazilian law, plea bargains are a means of obtaining proof, not proof in themselves.<br/>''No direito brasileiro, a colaboração premiada é meio de obtenção de prova, e não meio de prova.''&mdash;Attorney General Rodrigo Janot}}</ref>
: See the Usage note at ''{{slink||Delação premiada}}''.
{{cot |bg=cornsilk |width=92% |title=Sample wikicode for using ''Colaboração premiada'' in an article, along with an [[Template:Efn|explanatory footnote]]}}
{{Green|'''First occurrence:''' The following suggested wikicode:}}

<small><code><nowiki>The operation was based on {{lang|pt|Colaboração premiada}} agreements{{Efn |name="Col-prem" |'''''Colaboração premiada'''''{{snd}} literally, "rewarded collaboration"; the common name for the legal process known as {{lang|pt|delação premiada}} in Brazil; which is a type of plea bargain involving informing or collaborating with investigations in return for specific reductions in sentence prescribed by the law.}} between the Public Ministry...</nowiki></code></small>

{{Green|'''Generates:'''}}

The operation was based on {{lang|pt|Colaboração premiada}} agreements{{Efn |name="Col-prem" |'''''Colaboração premiada'''''{{snd}} literally, "rewarded collaboration"; the common name for the legal process known as {{lang|pt|delação premiada}} in Brazil; which is a type of plea bargain involving informing or collaborating with investigations in return for specific reductions in sentence prescribed by the law.}} between the Public Ministry...

{{Green|'''Subsequent occurrences:''' For second and subsequent occurrences, code it this way:}}

<small><code><nowiki>...based on {{lang|pt|Colaboração premiada}} agreements{{Efn|name="Col-prem"}} between...</nowiki></code></small>
{{cob}}
<br />

;{{Vanchor|Comissão parlamentar de inquérito|Comissao parlamentar de inquerito}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Comissão parlamentar de inquérito]]
: a Parliamentary investigative commission, or parliamentary commission of inquiry. Cf. [[Parliamentary inquiry]].
: Example: "''CPI da Petrobras''"{{snd}}the "{{xt|Petrobras CPI}}". See ''{{slink||CPI da Petrobras}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Compliance}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Compliance]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=:en:Regulatory compliance]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:Compliance]]
: Same word in both languages; Portuguese [[loanword|borrows it]] from English.  The pt-wiki article ''[[:pt:Compliance]]'' defines it as: "At the institutional and corporate level, ''compliance'' is the set of disciplines [put in place] in order to comply and enforce the legal and regulatory rules, policies and guidelines established for the business and the activities of the institution or company, as well as to avoid, detect and handle any deviation or lack of conformance that may occur."
: The Portuguese word is a loanword from English.  Related loanwords include:  {{lang|pt|Departamento}} (or {{lang|pt|Unidade}}) {{lang|pt|de Compliance}}, and {{lang|pt|Compliance Officer}}.

;{{Vanchor|Compra|compra}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:compra]] 
: See ''{{slink||suborno}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Concussão|Concussao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Concussão (crime)]]
: the act of demanding improper advantage (''''[[#Vantagem indevida|§&nbsp;Vantagem indevida]]'''' for oneself or others, directly or indirectly, by someone in public office, either during their term or before or afterward if related to their function while in office. ''{{slink||Penal code}}'' [[:pt:s:Código_Penal_Brasileiro#TÍTULO_XI:_CAPÍTULO_I|Article 316]]. One of several crimes that are considered a "''[[#Crime contra a administração pública|§&nbsp;crime against public administration]]''". (Note: no article on en-wiki—or [[d:Q9838971#sitelinks-wikipedia|any other xx-wiki]]—for ''Concussão'', but sounds like bribery from the active partner; compare ''{{slink||Corrupção ativa}}''; perhaps ''concussão'' is an example of ''corrupção ativa''? t.b.d.)

;{{Vanchor|Condução coercitiva|Conduçao coercitiva|Conducao coercitiva}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Condução coercitiva]] &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Condução coercitiva]]
: See ''[[Condução coercitiva]]'' on en-wiki. A compulsory order to appear, to assist in an investigative or judicial proceeding, either as a victim, a witness, an expert, and so on. Not an arrest, but has the power of enforcement behind it, based on ''[[#CPP|§&nbsp;CPP]]''. Has some features in common with a "[[material witness]]" in U.S. law. See [[:pt:Condução coercitiva]]. See also [[Draft talk:Developments in Operation Car Wash#depositions about coercive conduct &#91;pt&#93;|this discussion]]. Compare ''[[#Prisão|§&nbsp;Prisão]]'' and ''[[#Prisão preventiva|§&nbsp;Prisão preventiva]]''. 
: '''Translation note:''' [[WP:MT|Machine translation]] will often emit the word ''driving'' as part of the translation into English; this is completely incorrect in this context.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} There is no accepted expression in English that conveys the sense of this term; consider leaving it in the original, accompanied by an [[Template:Efn|explanatory note]].
{{cot |bg=cornsilk |width=92% |title=Sample wikicode for using ''Condução coercitiva'' in an article, along with an [[Template:Efn|explanatory footnote]]}}
{{Green|'''First occurrence:''' The following suggested wikicode:}}

<small><code><nowiki>The Federal Police served ten ''[[Condução coercitiva]]'' warrants{{Efn |name="cc" |'''''[[Condução coercitiva]]'''''{{snd}} literally, coerced conveyance; a compulsory order to appear, to assist in an investigative or judicial proceeding, either as a victim, a witness, an expert, and so on. Not an arrest, but has the power of police enforcement behind it to compel compliance. Has some parallels with a [[material witness]] in U.S. law.}}...</nowiki></code></small>

{{Green|'''Generates:'''}}

The Federal Police served ten ''[[Condução coercitiva]]'' warrants{{Efn |name="cc" |'''''[[Condução coercitiva]]'''''{{snd}} literally, coerced conveyance; a compulsory order to appear, to assist in an investigative or judicial proceeding, either as a victim, a witness, an expert, and so on. Not an arrest, but has the power of police enforcement behind it to compel compliance. Has some parallels with a [[material witness]] in U.S. law.}}...

{{Green|'''Subsequent occurrences:''' For second and subsequent occurrences, code it this way:}}

<small><code><nowiki>The Police served seven ''[[Condução coercitiva]]'' warrants{{Efn|name="cc"}}...</nowiki></code></small>

{{cob}}<!-- end of Condução coercitiva -->

;{{Vanchor|Conduta|conduta|Conduct|conduct}}
: A human act, as opposed to an [[act of nature]]. See ''{{slink||Teorias de conduta}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Congresso Nacional}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Congresso Nacional]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=National Congress of Brazil]] 
: [[:pt:Congresso Nacional do Brasil]] ([[National Congress of Brazil]]) is the ''[[#Poder legislativo|§&nbsp;legislative branch]]'' of the ''[[#Governo federal|§&nbsp;government]]'', as ordained by the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''. It is made up of the ''{{slink||Federal Senate}}'' (the upper house) and the ''{{slink||Chamber of Deputies}}'' (the lower house). 

;{{Vanchor|Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica]]
: [[Administrative Council for Economic Defense]];  Brazil's governmental agency for [[competition regulation]]. 

;{{Vanchor|Constituição do Brasil|Constituicao do Brasil}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Constituição do Brasil]]
: The current constitution is the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1988]] (officially: ''Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988''). Also known as the ''Constituição cidadã'' ("Citizen's Constitution") because of its birth in the process of the return to Democracy after the end of the period of ''[[#Ditadura militar brasileira|§&nbsp;military dictatorship in Brazil]]'' (1964–1985).

;{{Vanchor|Constitution}}
: see ''{{slink||Constituição do Brasil}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Conta offshore}}
: [[Offshore account]].

;{{Vanchor|Contagem de prazo|contagem de prazo}}
: limitation period; time limit; countdown period; term; interval during which some action is possible
: '''Usage note:''' prazo can mean ''term'', e.g.:
:* {{lang|pt|o cálculo do prazo de protecção}} – calculation of the term of protection
:* {{lang|pt|o evento que marca o início da contagem do prazo de protecção}} – the event triggering the term of protection.

;{{Vanchor|Contraditório|contraditório}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Princípio do contraditório e da ampla defesa]] &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Adversarial system]]
: "Adversarial", as in ''{{slink||adversarial system}}.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=2014}} See ''{{slink||Princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa}}.

;{{Vanchor|Contravenção|Contravenções|Contravencao|Contravencoes|contravenção|contravenções|contravencao|contravencoes}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Contravenção]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:contravenção]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Misdemeanor]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:misdemeanor]]
: a ''{{slink||Misdemeanor}}''. In Brazilian law, a misdemeanor is one of two types of ''{{slink||Infração penal}}'', the other one being a ''{{slink||Crime}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Corrupção ativa|Corrupcao ativa}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Corrupção ativa]]
: literally, "active corruption". Active corruption consists in the act of offering any kind of benefit or advantage (economic, or otherwise) to a public official, to cause them to perform an official act, or to prevent or delay them from performing such an act.  The crime consists in the intent to offer the unfair advantage, regardless whether it actually occurs. It is governed by article 333 of the Penal Code, and is considered a ''[[#Crime contra a administração pública|§&nbsp;crime against public administration]]''. See ''{{slink||Vantagem indevida}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Corrupção passiva|Corrupcao passiva}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Corrupção passiva]]
: literally, "passive corruption". A crime committed by a public official, which consists in soliciting or receiving, for themselves or on behalf of someone else, an undue benefit (see ''{{slink||Vantagem indevida}}'')), or a promise of such benefit. The term "passive" doesn't refer to initiation of a corrupt action, but who receives the benefit. For example, if a driver offers a cop money in order to avoid a ticket, and the cop accepts, the cop has committed passive corruption (and the driver has simultaneously committed active corruption). If the cop suggests the bribe, it's still passive.  (See ''[[#CP|§&nbsp;CP]]'' Art. 317.) Considered a "''[[#Crime contra a administração pública|§&nbsp;crime against public administration]]''".

;{{Vanchor|Court order}}
: um ''[[#Mandado judicial|§&nbsp;mandado judicial]]'' 

;{{Vanchor|Court proceeding}}
: in en, this is R==> [[Procedural law]], which = [[:pt:Direito processual]].

;{{Vanchor|CPC}}
: abbr. for ''{{slink||Código de Processo Civil}}''.

;{{Vanchor|CPF}} <span style="font-weight:3">or:</span>
;{{Vanchor|CPF-MF}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Cadastro de pessoas físicas}}''. Contrast ''{{slink||CNPJ}}''.

;{{Vanchor|CPI}}
: abbr. for ''{{slink||Comissão parlamentar de inquérito}}''.

;{{Vanchor|CPI da Petrobras}}
: Parliamentary Investigation Commission into Petrobras. suggested encoding: <small><code><nowiki>{{ill|Parliamentary Investigation Commission|pt|Comissão parlamentar de inquérito|es|Comisión de investigación|fr|Commission d'enquête parlementaire en France|vertical-align=sup}} into Petrobras</nowiki></code></small> generates: {{ill|Parliamentary Investigation Commission|pt|Comissão parlamentar de inquérito|es|Comisión de investigación|fr|Commission d'enquête parlementaire en France|vertical-align=sup}} into Petrobras.

;{{Vanchor|CPP}}
: abbr. for ''{{slink||Código de Processo Penal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Crédito consignado}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Crédito consignado]]

: literally, "consigned credit". Also known as an ''{{slink||Empréstimo consignado}}'', this is a type of fixed, collateral-free loan where the repayments are deducted directly from your payroll check, or retirement or other benefits payment. These can be up to 30% of one's monthly income. The law originally came into effect in 2004 as a result of Law 10.820 (2003). The max repayment term 8 years (for salaried workers) or 6 years (retired). Some abuses of elderly pensioners has been noted, because the lower-than-market rates available have enabled some seniors to gain loans who otherwise could not, but who then run into trouble and default on other repayments, especially those in lower income brackets, leaving them insufficient funds to meet basic needs.<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Official Journal of the European Union |author<!--rapporteur-->=Pegado Liz |title=Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee on 'Credit and social exclusion in an affluent society' |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:044:0074:0083:EN:PDF |date=16 February 2008 |page=C44/78 (fn#19) |accessdate=22 August 2020}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Crime|crime}} &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Crime]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=:en:Crime]]
:Same word in both languages:
:* English: in ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes.
:* Portuguese: In Brazilian law, a {{lang|pt|crime}} is one of two types of ''{{slink||Infração penal}}'', the other being ''{{slink||Contravenções}}'' (misdemeanors). According to {{slink||Finalist theory}}, a criminal offense (''{{slink||delito}}'') consists of three structural elements: ''{{slink||fato típico}}'' (proscribed conduct), ''{{slink||ilicitude}}'' (unlawfulness), and ''{{slink||culpabilidade}}'' (prosecutable).{{sfn|Leite|2018}}

;{{Vanchor|Crime contra a administração pública|Crime contra a administracao publica}} 
: literally, a "crime against public administration".
: A group of crimes in the ''[[#Penal code|§&nbsp;Penal Code]]'' that are characterized by their distortion of public administration and which injuriously affect the legality, impartiality, morality, or efficiency of public administration. Includes ''{{slink||Peculato}}'', ''{{slink||Estelionato}}'', ''{{slink||Concussão}}'', ''{{slink||Prevaricação}}'', ''{{slink||Denunciação caluniosa}}'', ''{{slink||Calúnia}}'', ''{{slink||Falso testemunho}}'', and others<!--''{{slink||Resistência}}'', ''{{slink||Desobediência}}'',''{{slink||Desacato}}'' (defiance), et al. --> .

;{{Vanchor|Crime culposo|crime culposo}}
: negligent crime.  The definition of {{lang|pt-BR|crime culposo}} (negligent crime) is set out in article 18, item II of the {{slink||Penal Code}}, which considers conduct to be negligent when the agent caused the result through recklessness (acting hastily, without care or caution), negligence (carelessness or inattention, failing to observe precautions normally adopted in the situation) or ''{{slink||imperícia}}'' (malpractice), acting without skill or technical qualification. The punishment for negligent conduct is provided for by law; for example, Article 302 of the Traffic Code covers negligent crimes when driving a motor vehicle.{{sfn|TJDFT|2018}}

;{{Vanchor|Crime doloso|Crime doloso}}
: intentional crime. The definition is given in article 18, item I of the {{slink||Penal Code}}, which considers as intentional ({{lang|pt|doloso}}) any criminal act where the perpetrator wanted or assumed the result.{{sfn|TJDFT|2018}}

;{{Vanchor|Culpa|culpa}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Culpa]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:culpa]] 
: guilt; fault; blame. A voluntary act that shows recklessness (''{{slink||imprudência}}''), malpractice (''{{slink||imperícia}}''),  or negligence (''{{slink||negligência}}'') and causes damage (''{{slink||dano}}'') or willful injury (''{{slink||dolo}}'') to another.{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/culpa/ culpa]}}

;{{Vanchor|Culpabilidade|culpabilidade|Culpability|culpability}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Culpabilidade]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:culpabilidade]] 
: state or characterized by being ''{{slink||culpável}}'' (accusable) or ''{{slink||culpado}}'' (accused){{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/culpabilidade/ culpabilidade]}}

;{{Vanchor|Culpado|culpado}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:culpado]] 
: The accused. One who has broken the law; criminal, delinquent, perpetrator, defendant.{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/culpado/ culpado]}}

;{{Vanchor|Culpável|culpável|culpavel}}
: Someone who can be found guilty; accusable; incriminable.{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/culpável/ culpável]}}

;{{Vanchor|Culposo|culposo}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:culposo]]
: in the context of crime, negligent, through {{slink||imprudencia}} (recklessness), negligence, or malpractice.{{sfn|TJDFT|2018}} See {{slink||crime culposo}}, {{slink||culpa}}.  Contrast {{slink||Doloso}}.

;{{Vanchor|Custo Brasil}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Custo Brasil]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Brazil cost]]
: literally, "[[Brazil cost]]". This is a term that refers to the increased cost of doing business in Brazil based on in-country factors, such as administrative corruption, excessive bureaurocracy, dysfunctions in import-export operations, inefficiency in public services, and others. The concept derives from the more general one of "country cost"; see the article [[Ease of doing business index]].

=== D ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Dabm}}, {{Vanchor|Dabst}}
: see ''{{slink||Diretoria de Abastecimento}}''

;{{Vanchor|Delação|delação|delacao}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Delação]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:delação]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:delation]] 
: whistle-blowing; denunciation; betrayal; sometimes: indictment. From {{lang|pt|Delatar}}, v. denounce. The English cognate "delate" (noun: ''[[wikt:delation|delation]]'') exists but is rare, and so is not a good translation as no one will recognize it.
: ''[[:pt:Delação]]'' redirects to ''[[:pt:Denúncia]]'', which is the act or petition in which a prosecutor presents the charge before a judge to try the crime described in it.

;{{Vanchor|Delação premiada|Delacao premiada}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Delação premiada]]
: literally, "rewarded whistleblowing" (or, "informing"). The most common gloss for this in English is "plea bargain [agreement]"; also seen, much less frequently (about 10%), is ''{{slink||Leniency agreement}}''. A legal process by which a suspect is offered a specific reduced sentence prescribed by the law, in return for turning in accomplices, or aiding in investigations. Applies only to [[natural person|individuals]]. The common name for this is ''{{slink||Colaboração premiada}}''.  The concept is similar to a [[plea bargain]] agreement, which results in a reduced penalty (fine, prison time) in return for investigative assistance. Established in the {{slink||Anti-corruption Act}} of 2014.<ref name="Janot-2017" />  Contrast: ''{{slink||Acordo de leniência}}'', which applies only to [[juridical person]]s.  
: '''Usage note:''' There is some fuzziness even in the Brazilian press, concerning the use of {{lang|pt|delação premiada}} (applies exclusively to people) and ''{{slink||Acordo de leniência}}'' (applies to business entities, not people) and occasionally the wrong term is used. The confusion in the English language press is greater, partly because the legal concepts in the two countries aren't identical, and "plea bargain" may be used for both terms. As a rule of thumb, if it's about reduction in monetary penalties for a company, use "leniency agreement" if possible; if it's about a reduction in fines or prison time for an individual, use "plea deal" or "plea bargain". If you are citing an English source, and it uses the "wrong" term, consider adding an [[Template:Efn|explanatory note]] following the citation, to explain the situation.
{{cot |bg=cornsilk |width=92% |title=Sample wikicode for using ''Delação premiada'' in an article, along with an [[Template:Efn|explanatory footnote]]}}
{{Green|'''First occurrence:''' The following suggested wikicode:}}

<small><code><nowiki>...documents and testimony obtained through {{lang|pt|delação premiada}}{{Efn |name="Del-prem" |'''{{lang|pt|Delação premiada}}'''{{snd}}"rewarded whistleblowing" (or, "informing"). A legal process by which a suspect is offered a specific reduced sentence prescribed by law, in return for turning in accomplices, or aiding in investigations. The common name for it in Brazil is {{lang|pt|colaboração premiada}} ("rewarded collaboration").  The concept is similar to a [[plea bargain]], in return for investigative assistance.}} (plea-bargained investigative cooperation).</nowiki></code></small>

{{Green|'''Generates:'''}}

...documents and testimony obtained through {{lang|pt|delação premiada}}{{Efn |name="Del-prem" |'''{{lang|pt|Delação premiada}}'''{{snd}}"rewarded whistleblowing" (or, "informing"). A legal process by which a suspect is offered a specific reduced sentence prescribed by law, in return for turning in accomplices, or aiding in investigations. The common name for it in Brazil is {{lang|pt|colaboração premiada}} ("rewarded collaboration").  The concept is similar to a [[plea bargain]], in return for investigative assistance.}} (plea-bargained investigative cooperation). 

{{Green|'''Subsequent occurrences:''' For second and subsequent occurrences, code it this way:}}

<small><code><nowiki>...obtained through {{lang|pt|delação premiada}}{{Efn |name="Del-prem"}} (plea-bargained investigative cooperation).</nowiki></code></small>
{{cob}}

;{{Vanchor|Delegacia especializada}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Delegacia#Delegacias especializadas]]
: literally, "specialized precincts" (of the police).
: "District precincts" ({{lang|pt|delegacias distritais}}) of the police department cover the normal types of criminal activity that are local to their area. But with the rise of organized crime and gangs that operate over a wider area, a new type of police precinct or station developed that is tied not to a particular locale, but rather to a particular sphere of activity. Some of these specialized precincts are those devoted to narcotics, cybercrime, chid protection and others. Some precincts specialize in women's issues, seniors, homicide, the environment, and more. See [[:pt:Delegacia#Delegacias especializadas]].

;{{Vanchor|Delegado|delegado}}
: member of the police force whose role combines aspects of that of a sheriff and a crown prosecutor. The {{lang|pt|delegado}} receives the ''{{slink||inquérito}}'' (written report) at the end of a ''{{slink||inquérito policial}}'' (police investigation). The {{lang|pt|delegado}} examines the report and decides whether or not to proceed with a prosecution of the suspect under investigation.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=218}}

;{{Vanchor|Delatar|delatar}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:delatar]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:delation]] 
: to denounce [a crime]; to blow the whistle on. See  ''{{slink||Delação premiada}}''.
: Synonym: {{lang|pt|denunciar}}.

;{{Vanchor|Delator}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Delator]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:delator]]
: the person who denounces a crime; whistleblower. From {{lang|pt|Delatar}}, v. denounce.
: Synonym: {{lang|pt|denunciante}}.

;{{Vanchor|Delito}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Delito]]
: Synonym: ''{{slink||Crime}}''. wd crime: [[d:Q83267]].

;{{Vanchor|DEM}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:DEM]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:DEM]]
: abbreviation for the political party known as the ''{{slink||Democratas}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Democratas}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Democratas (Brasil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Democrats (Brazil)]]
: Brazilian political party with [[Liberal conservative]] policies, founded in 1985 under the name of Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal, PFL) from a splinter of the defunct ''{{slink||PDS}}''.
: abbreviation: DEM

;{{Vanchor|Denúncia|Denuncia}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Denúncia]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:denúncia]]
: in criminal law, the act in which a representative of the ''{{slink||Ministério Público}}'' (Public Prosecutor's Office) presents an accusation before the competent judicial authority in order to judge the ''{{slink||Crime}}'' or ''{{slink||Misdemeanor}}'' described in the petition.<ref>{{cite book |last=De Plácido e Silva |first=Oscar José |title=Vocabulário Jurídico |trans-title=Judicial Glossary |location=Rio de Janeiro |publisher=Forense |edition=11th |date=1994 |oclc=255362747 |accessdate= }}</ref>
: Cognate terms mean different things in other legal systems: in French law, ''[[:fr:Dénonciation|Dénonciation]]'' is the term used when a citizen notifies authorities about a crime in which they are not the victim; (''[[:fr:Plainte|Plainte]]'' is the term used when they are themselves the victim). 
: In common law countries like the U.S. and U.K., the term ''denunciation'' is not used in the law. The closest legal parallel is ''[[indictment]]'', which the public prosecutor may seek from a [[grand jury]]; in some jurisdictions, they may instead file an ''[[information (formal criminal charge)]]'' directly, which the accused can then challenge in a [[preliminary hearing]] before a judge.<ref>{{cite web |author= |title=Steps In The Federal Criminal Process |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/steps-federal-criminal-process |website=Offices of the United States Attorneys |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=2016-01-15 |accessdate=19 January 2020}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Denunciação caluniosa|Denunciacao caluniosa}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Denunciação caluniosa]]
: [[False accusation]].

;{{Vanchor|Departamento de Operações Estruturadas|Departamento de Operacoes Estruturadas|departamento de operacoes estruturadas}}
: Structured Operations Department at [[Odebrecht S.A.]]. Also known as the "bribery department".  See ''{{slink||Setor de Operações Estruturais}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Departamento Geral de Polícia Especializada}}
: See ''{{slink||Delegacia especializada}}''.

;''{{vanchor|Depoimento|depoimento}}''  &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Depoimento]] &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:depoimento]]
: testimony; deposition; statement; interview; affidavit; talk 
: '''Usage:'''
:* {{lang|pt|depoimento pessoal}} – personal testimony
:* {{lang|pt|depoimento oral}} – oral testimony
:* {{lang|pt|depoimento de testemunhas}} – eyewitness testimony

;{{Vanchor|Deputado}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Deputado]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:deputado]]
: A member of the [[Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil]]

;{{Vanchor|Desdobramento}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::desdobramento]]
: Literally, an "unfolding".  In the context of [[Operation Car Wash]], as in ''[[:pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato]]'', it is an ''[[wikt:offshoot|offshoot]]''. (Also seen, less often, are ''[[wikt:spin-off|spin-off]]'' or ''[[wikt:outgrowth|outgrowth]]''.to represent ''desdobramentos'' in English sources about Operation Car Wash).  In the context of talking about one particular ''''{{slink||Operação}}'''', already named, it can be translated simply as ''Operation''.  Not to be confused with Operation Car Wash "phases" (''fases'') which is a different breakdown of investigations, numbered and named, starting with phase 1 in March 2014.
: Discussion about ''desdobramento'' can be found [[Talk:Offshoots of Operation Car Wash/Archive 2#Article title and desdobramentos|here]].

;{{Vanchor|Desembargador}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Desembargador]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Desembargador (Brazil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::desembargador]]
: judge; Title given to justices in the courts of ''[[#Segunda instância|§&nbsp;second instance]]''. Compare ''{{slink||Ministro}}''. See Usage note at ''{{slink||Juiz}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Desvio}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Desvio de dinheiro]] &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::desvio]]
: Diversion, as in diversion of funds in ''{{slink||Embezzlement}}''. See ''{{slink||Peculato}}''.
: Deviation, as in ''desvios do plano original''{{snd}}deviation from the original plan.
: Embezzlement, as in ''O suspeito foi considerado culpado por desvio de verbas públicas.''{{snd}}The suspect was found guilty of embezzlement of public funds.
: Others: ''abuse'', ''irregularities''.
: Other contexts: "turn": ''Eu tomei o primeiro desvio à direita''{{snd}}I took the first turn on the right.

;{{Vanchor|Determinação legal|Determinacao legal}}
: Ordinance; legal ordinance. Ruling; determination; court order.
: Usage in context:
:* {{xt|em desacordo com determinação legal ou regulamentar...}} = "in disagreement with established legal or regulatory precedent"

;{{Vanchor|Detran|DETRAN}}   &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Departamento Estadual de Trânsito]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:DETRAN]]
: abbreviation for [[:pt:Departamento Estadual de Trânsito]] ("State Transportation Department"). Each [[States of Brazil|state]] has its own department, and the abbreviation is often seen with the state two-letter code following, such as {{lang|pt|Detran/PR}} for the [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]] department, and {{lang|pt|Detran-SC}} for [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]]. 

;{{Vanchor|devido processo legal|Devido processo legal}}
: [[due process of law]].{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=214}} See also {{slink||Princípio do contraditório}} and {{slink||Princípio da ampla defesa}}.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=214–215}}<ref name=Batista-2023>{{cite web |last=Batista |first=Danilo |date=20 December 2023 |orig-date=2016 |title=Os Princípios do Contraditório e da Ampla Defesa nos sistemas processuais |trans-title=The principles of adversarial proceedings and ample defense in procedural systems |website=Jusbrasil |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/os-principios-do-contraditorio-e-da-ampla-defesa-nos-sistemas-processuais/396218218 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|DF}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:DF]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:DF]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Distrito Federal]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Brasília]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|DGPE}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Departamento Geral de Polícia Especializada}}''.

;{{vanchor|Direito adjetivo|direito adjetivo}}
: [[procedural law]]

;{{Vanchor|Direito civil}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito civil]] 
: Civil law.  That branch of law that deals with the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities in their patrimonial, family relations and duties. Compare ''{{slink||Direito penal}}'' (criminal law).

;{{Vanchor|Direito material|direito material}}
: See ''{{slink||Direito substantivo}}.

;{{Vanchor|Direito penal}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito penal]]
: [[Criminal law]]. Compare: ''{{slink||Direito civil}}''.
: Synonym: [[:pt:Direito criminal]].

;{{Vanchor|Direito processual civil}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito processual civil]]
: Civil procedural law. ''{{slink||Civil procedure}}''. See ''{{slink||Código de Processo Penal}}''. Contrast ''{{slink||Direito processual penal}}'', ''{{slink||Direito penal}}''.

;{{vanchor|Direito processual penal|direito processual penal}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito processual penal]]
: Criminal procedural law. The ensemble of principles and norms which govern criminal prosecution (''{{slink||persecuçao penal}}'').{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT30}} See ''{{slink||Código de Processo civil}}''. Contrast ''{{slink||Direito processual civil}}'', ''{{slink||Direito penal}}''.

;{{vanchor|Direito substantivo|direito substantivo}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito material]]
: [[substantive law]], laws governing how people are to behave in society. Synonym: {{lang|pt-BR|Direito material}}. Contrast ''{{slink||direito adjetivo}}'' (procedural law).

;{{Vanchor|Diretoria de Abastecimento|Diretoria de abastecimento|diretoria de abastecimento}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Diretoria de Abastecimento]] 
: Supply Board ('Supply', or 'acquisition', or 'procurement'; and 'Board', or 'Directorate'). These can be present in government or commerce. In the Army, '''{{lang|pt|DAbst}}''' is the technical support body of the {{lang|pt|Comando Logístico}} ("Logistical Command" (COLOG); the acquisition and supply department) of the Brazilian Army. In the Navy, the '''{{lang|pt|Dabm}}''' ({{lang|pt|Diretoria de Abastecimento da Marinha}}) is the Navy Supply Board. In commerce, the {{lang|pt|Diretoria de Abastecimento}} might be rendered as the "Supply Directorate", or "Supply Board".

;{{Vanchor|Diretório|Diretorio}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Diretório (política)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:diretório]]
: The governing body of a political party, which usually includes representatives of all factions. Can be at national, state, or municipal level. Contrast ''''[[#Diretoria|§&nbsp;diretoria]]'''' (the "board").  Try "[[executive committee]]" in English (although it's not quite the same thing). "[[Directorate]]" seems to be something different. The [[Democratic National Committee]] is an example of one, in the U.S.

;{{Vanchor|Distrito Federal}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Distrito Federal (Brasil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Federal District (Brazil)]]
: The [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] is the seat of government, and contains the capital city, Brasilia. (Analogous to the [[District of Columbia]] in the United States for Washington, D.C.) The Federal District is one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. 

;{{Vanchor|Ditadura militar brasileira}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ditadura militar brasileira]]
: The period of [[Military dictatorship in Brazil]] from 1964 to 1985. Followed by a period of reintroduction of democracy, and the writing of the ''[[#Constituição do Brasil|§&nbsp;#Constitution]]'' in 1988.

;{{Vanchor|Dólar-cabo}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Dólar-cabo]]
: an illegal dollar wire transfer.  A neologism in Portuguese; no stable English term has claimed primacy yet; several have been offered.
: This is the practice of trading dollars in the ''[[#Mercado paralelo|§&nbsp;gray market]]'' for deposit in an institution abroad. This may or may not involve actual cross-border transfers of money. The practice is a crime under article 22 of {{lang|pt|Lei dos Crimes contra o Sistema Financeiro}}. It is often used in ''[[#Lavagem de dinheiro|§&nbsp;money laundering]]'' schemes. Still a neologism in the Brazilian press, and often found inside double quotes, often with explanatory text following. In English, various calques and translations have been proposed, including "dollar-cable", "cable-dollar", and others, but usually very tentatively, and with double quotes.
: International dollar trading can happen with no actual monies crossing borders. Instead, it operates like an [[Clearing house (finance)|interbank clearing house]], where deposits are transferred within the U.S. and within Brazil, for equivalent values on behalf of two (or more) customers, facilitated by the {{lang|pt|doleiro}} and his counterpart abroad.  
: Example:  Mr Silva, who lives in Brazil, wants to deposit the equivalent of USD $100,000 into his New York bank account. He contacts the Brazilian {{lang|pt|doleiro}}, who activates his intermediary, a U.S. resident. The intermediary fronts a deposit of USD $100,000 from his U.S. bank into Silva's NY account.  In turn, the American intermediary knows someone in the U.S. (Mr. Anderson) who wants to deposit the equivalent of US $100,000 in reals into his São Paulo account. The Brazilian {{lang|pt|doleiro}} provides the reals and deposits them into Anderson's São Paulo account as designated by the intermediary. No money traveled abroad. Anderson's dollars went from his U.S. bank to Silva's New York account via the U.S. go-between, fulfilling Silva's wish. Silva's reals went from his Brazilian bank to São Paulo via the {{lang|pt|doleiro}}, fulfilling Anderson's wish. There was no transfer of Brazilian funds into the U.S., or from the U.S. to Brazil.<ref name=Mendroni-2015>{{cite book |lang=pt |last=Mendroni |first=Marcelo Batlouni |title=Crime de Lavagem de Dinheiro |trans-title=Money Laundering Crime |edition=3rd |publisher=Atlas |location=São Paulo |isbn=9788522494088  |oclc=923761635 |page=207}}, quoted in: {{cite web |lang=pt |title=Dizer o Direito: O que é 'dólar-cabo invertido'? |trans-title=What is the ''inverted &apos;dólar-cabo&apos;''{{thin space}}? |author=<!--staff writers, no byline--> |url=https://www.dizerodireito.com.br/2018/11/o-que-e-dolar-cabo-invertido.html |date=4 November 2018 |website=Dizer Direito [Let's Talk Law] |type=blog |accessdate=29 December 2019}}</ref>
: See also ''{{slink||Euro-cabo}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Doleiro}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Doleiro]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:doleiro]]
: money dealer; black-market money dealer;<ref name="Pontes-2018">{{cite web |title=Money dealer ran corruption scheme that moved $ 1.6 billion in bribes |last1=Pontes |first1=Felipe |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/en/politica/noticia/2018-05/money-dealer-ran-corruption-scheme-moved-16-billion-bribes |date=3 May 2018 |website=[[Agência Brasil]] |publisher=[[Empresa Brasil de Comunicação|EBC]] |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> literally, "dollar-er" ("dollar-dealer"). Someone who buys and sells dollars on the ''[[#Mercado paralelo|§&nbsp;gray market]]''. They also ''[[#Dólar-cabo|§&nbsp;transfer funds]]'' between countries on behalf of companies or individuals not authorized by the Central Bank of Brazil to perform exchange operations, or which are outside the official mechanisms of registration and control.  While this may be legal in some contexts, in others it is an indicator of possible ''[[#Lavagem de dinheiro|§&nbsp;money laundering]]'' or ''[[#Evasão de divisas|§&nbsp;tax evasion]]'' activities. In this context, a {{lang|pt|doleiro}} is someone who converts currencies without authorization, or beyond limits allowed by law. See also: ''{{slink||Dólar-cabo}}''.
: Expressions:
:* doleiro dos doleiros{{snd}} dealer of dealers<ref name="Pontes-2018" />

;{{Vanchor|Dolo|dolo|dolo direto|Dolo eventual|Dolo alternativo|Dolo direto|dolo eventual|dolo alternativo}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Dolo]] 
: "guilty mind", or the mental state or subjective intent ([[mens rea]]) of a perpetrator in committing a criminal offense.{{sfn|da Silva Pereira|2011|p=439-444}} The resolve to violate the law, by action or omission, with full knowledge of the criminality of what is being done.{{sfn|Fachini|2023}} It includes various forms of mental culpability, including:
:* {{lang|pt|dolo direto}} (direct intent), when the perpetrator intentionally commits an act with the specific purpose of achieving a certain result, knowing that it is prohibited by law. 
:* {{lang|pt|dolo eventual}} (indirect intent, or conscious fault), when the perpetrator foresees the possibility that their actions may lead to a certain result, but hopes it will not occur and proceeds with the act anyway, demonstrating reckless disregard for the consequences.{{sfn|Masson|2017|loc=[https://enciclopediajuridica.pucsp.br/verbete/423/edicao-1/dolo dolo]}}{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=210}}
:* {{lang|pt-BR|dolo alternativo}} (transferred intent), when the perpetrator intends to commit one offense but ends up committing a different offense instead, yet their intent is still considered culpable. For example, intending to harm one person but inadvertently harming another.

;{{Vanchor|Doloso|doloso}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:doloso]]
: in the context of crime: with malice or intent.{{sfn|TJDFT|2018}} See ''{{slink||crime doloso}}'', ''{{slink||dolo}}''. Contrast ''{{slink||Culposo}}''.
: The [[OED]] records the adjective ''dolose'' with attestations to 1859, e.g., [[John Austin (legal philosopher)|John Austin]] : "{{xt|An act of forbearance or omission which is merely culpose (or not dolose) is not a crime or public delict.}}" —''Lectures on Jurisprudence'' (1879) vol. II. 1103.

=== E ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Elemento subjetivo|elemento subjetivo}}
: subjective element; for example, whether an action was done with ''{{slink||dolo}}'' or ''{{slink||culpa}}''{{cn|date=May 2024}}

;{{Vanchor|Em dinheiro vivo}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:dinheiro vivo]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Em espécie]]
: in cash; money in the form of coins or paper banknotes. It literally means "in live money". It is similar to "''{{slink||Em espécie}}''".

;{{Vanchor|Em espécie}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:em espécie]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Em espécie]]
: in cash; in money in the form of coins or paper banknotes. Contrast: ''in kind''.
: '''Usage note:''' ''espécie'' can mean "kind";  but ''[pagamento] em espécie'' means "[payment] in cash" and '''not''' "[payment] in kind". This expression is not only very frequently mistranslated by automatic translation, even some online dictionaries get it wrong.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} It means, "in cash".<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |last=Silva |first=Mila |title=O Que É Dinheiro em Espécie? |trans-title=What is 'em espécie' money? |url=https://contaembanco.com.br/bancos/o-que-e-dinheiro-em-especie/ |date=13 July 2015 |website=Conta em Banco |publisher= |accessdate=26 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |last=Albuquerque |first=Flávia |title=Agência Brasil |trans-title=Payment in cash is a cause for concern around the world, says Coaf |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2017-09/pagamento-em-especie-e-motivo-de-preocupacao-em-todo-o-mundo-diz-coaf |date=19 September 2017 |website=Agência Brasil |publisher=EBC |accessdate=26 January 2020}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Empresa de fachada|empresa de fachada}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Empresa de fachada]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Front company]] 
: a "front company", or "front organization"; or simply: a "front".

;{{Vanchor|Empréstimo camarada}}
: literally, "comrade loan", "buddy loan". 
: a loan made as part of an illegal or ethically questionable deal. Still sometimes seen as a neologism, and may be found with ''camarada'' in double quotes.

;{{Vanchor|Empréstimo consignado}}
: literally, "consigned loan". See ''{{slink||Crédito consignado}}''. Not to be confused with "co-signed loan".

;{{Vanchor|Enriquecimento ilícito|Enriquecimento ilicito}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Enriquecimento ilícito]]
: literally, "illicit enrichment" (compare [[:es:Enriquecimiento ilícito]]). 
: an increase in personal wealth in such a short time without just cause or proper declaration to the competent body (such as Tax Authorities), arising out of illicit use or through influence peddling. <!-- In the case of damage to the State's assets by the server, a crime against the Public Administration or embezzlement is configured.-->In Brazil, illicit enrichment of civil servants was criminalized by the commission that drafted the Penal Code.

;{{Vanchor|Ente}}
: entity, body. 
: Expressions:
:* entes públicos{{snd}}public bodies
:* entes federativos{{snd}}federal entities
: In other contexts: "person". (in this case, ''ente'' is almost never used as an isolated word, it is normally used along with the word "querido" (''dear''), forming the phrase "ente querido", which means "loved one").{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|ES}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:ES]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:ES]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Espírito Santo]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Vitória]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Estatal|estatal}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:estatal]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:estatal]]
: In addition to its main use as an adjective meaning "state" or "government" at a national or federal level (e.g., ''auxílio estatal'' = state aid; ''agência estatal'' = state agency; ''serviço estatal'' = government service), it can also be used as a noun meaning a "state-owned company", or "government firm".  
: Examples: 
:* ''um funcionário de uma grande estatal'' (an employee of big state-owned company)
:* '' ...e assinou contrato com a Petrobras para a manutenção e operação de quatro embarcações da estatal'', ("...and signed a contract with Petrobras for the maintenance and operation of four vessels of the government company.")
:'''Usage note:''' English has only one adjective for this, ''state'', whereas Portuguese has two; see also: ''{{slink||Estadual}}'' 

;{{Vanchor|Estadual|estadual|}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:estadual]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:estadual]]
: an adjective meaning "state" or "government" at a subnational level, referring to one of Brazil's {{slink||Federative units}} (states). See also: ''{{slink||Estatal}}'' 

;{{Vanchor|Estelionato}}  &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Estelionato]] &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::Estelionato]]
: ''Estelionato'' ("confidence game") is the crime of obtaining for oneself or someone else an unlawful advantage (''{{slink||vantagem ilícita}}'') to the detriment of others, by misleading someone by deception or any other fraudulent means.  One of several crimes that are considered a "''{{slink||Crime contra crime contra o patrimônio}}''". See ''{{slink||Penal Code}}'' [[:pt:s:Código_Penal Brasileiro/Parte_Especial/Título II/Capítulo VI|Article 171]].
: ''Estelionato'' has a secondary meaning of "[[:pt:Spam#Estelionato_(phishing)|phishing]]" in the context of e-mail spam.

;{{Vanchor|Estruturação|estruturacao}} &nbsp;  &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Estruturação]]  &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Structuring]]
: [[Structuring]]; [[Smurfing (financial crime)|smurfing]].  A ''[[#Lavagem de dinheiro|§&nbsp;money laundering]]'' technique involving break-up of large sums into smaller amounts, in order to fly under the regulatory radar.

;{{Vanchor|Euro-cabo}}
: International currency transfers involving Euros, possibly for the purpose of ''[[#Lavagem de dinheiro|§&nbsp;money laundering]]''. See ''{{slink||Dólar-cabo}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Evasão de divisas|Evasao de devisas}} &nbsp;  &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Evasao de devisas]]
: capital flight; unreported remittance of currency; tax evasion.
: a financial crime by which currency is sent abroad without being declared to the appropriate authorities.
: '''Usage note''': While "tax evasion" is also found as a translation, that is more of an underlying motivation for the actual concept, rather than the concept itself; a more direct translation of "tax evasion" itself is "evasão fiscais".
: See also: ''{{slink||Divisa}}''; ''{{slink||Divisas}}''.


=== F ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|False accusation}}
: [[:pt:Denunciação caluniosa]].

;{{Vanchor|Falsidade ideológica|falsidade ideológica|Falsidade ideologica|Falsidade ideologica}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Falsidade ideológica]]
: fraudulent misrepresentation.  lit., "ideologically false"; often seen adjectivally as {{lang|pt|ideológicamente falso}} ("ideologically false"). This is a type of fraud involving inclusion of false information in an otherwise valid document. This is defined in article 299 of the ''[[#CPP|§&nbsp;Penal code]]''. Example: a doctor signs a certificate excusing someone from work who was not sick. The signature is real, the information in the document is false.<ref name="Lima-2017">{{cite web |title=O que vem a ser a expressão "ideologicamente falsos"? |trans-title=What is the expression 'ideologically false'? |last1=de Lima |first1=Elioma |url=http://blogdoeliomar.com.br/2017/10/12/o-que-vem-ser-expressao-ideologicamente-falsos/ |date=12 October 2017 |website= |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=13 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="Ebradi-2018">{{cite web |lang=pt |author=Escola Brasileira de Direito |title=Qual a diferença entre falsidade material, falsidade ideológica e falsidade pessoal? |trans-title=What is the difference between material falsehood, ideological falsehood and personal falsehood? |url=https://ebradi.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/603020777/qual-a-diferenca-entre-falsidade-material-falsidade-ideologica-e-falsidade-pessoal |date=20 July 2018 |website=JusBrasil |publisher= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213220019/https://ebradi.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/603020777/qual-a-diferenca-entre-falsidade-material-falsidade-ideologica-e-falsidade-pessoal |archivedate=2020-02-13 |accessdate=2020-02-13 |quote=Material falsehood is that [crime of falsification] by means of which the perpetrator creates a false document or changes the content of a true document. The document is materially false. The falsification occurs via forgery (pretending, simulating, disguising, falsifying in order to disguise its authenticity). ... Ideological falsehood ... is characterized by false content written into the creation of a real document. <small>''A falsidade material é aquela [crime de falsidade] por meio da qual o agente cria um documento falso ou altera o conteúdo de um documento verdadeiro. O documento é materialmente falso. A falsificação o corre mediante contrafação (fingimento, simulação, disfarce, falsificação de modo a iludir sua autenticidade). ... A falsidade ideológica... configura-se pelo falso conteúdo posto quando da feitura de um documento verdadeiro.''</small>}}</ref>
: Contrast: ''{{slink||Falsidade material}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Falsidade material|falsidade material}}
: lit., "materially false"; this is a type of fraud involving creation of a phony document. Also seen adjectivally as {{lang|pt|materialmente falso}} ("materially false"). This is defined in article 299 of the Penal code. Example: an employee creates a false affidavit excusing them or someone from work who was not sick, and forges the doctor's signature.<ref name="Lima-2017" /><ref name="Ebradi-2018" />
: Contrast: ''{{slink||Falsidade ideológica}}''. The key difference between the two, is that where {{lang|pt|falsidade material}} describes a forgery, {{lang|pt|falsidade ideológica}} describes a real document with false information.

;{{Vanchor|Falso testemunho}}
: false witness; false testimony. 
: Synonym: falsa perícia) CPP 342. contrast:Perjúrio 

;{{Vanchor|Fases}}    &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:fase]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:fase#Noun_8]] 
: ''Fases'' is a cognate of "phases" (singular: [[wikt:fase#Noun_8|fase]]). In the context of ''[[:pt:Fases da Operação Lava Jato]]'', it still translates as "phases", but it takes on a particular meaning, in that the use of the word ''fases'' here contrasts with the use of ''{{slink||Desdobramento}}s'' (offshoots) in the expression ''Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato''. Individual investigations in Operation Car Wash that are launched by the [[investigative judge]]s like Moro and others, are called "operations". The two terms ''fases'' and ''desdobramentos'' are both used to describe operations, but are used in contrast to each other to describe different sets of operations that don't overlap. Car Wash "phases" are numbered and have names, like, [[:pt:Operação Juízo Final|Phase 7, Final Judgment]] (2014), or [[:pt:Phase 43, No Borders]] (2017). Car Wash "offshoots" (''desdobramentos'') just have names.
: See also: ''{{slink||Desdobramento}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Fato típico|fato típico|fato tipico}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Fato típico]]
: Fato típico is any ''{{slink||conduct}}'' of commission or omission that produces a result that is proscribed (''{{slink||reprovável}}'') by the {{slink||Penal Code}}, and can be either a ''{{slink||crime}}'' or a misdemeanor (''{{slink||contravenção}}'').{{sfn|Leite|2018}}{{sfn|Lenzi|2019}}{{sfn|Masson|2017|loc=[https://enciclopediajuridica.pucsp.br/verbete/423/edicao-1/dolo dolo]}}{{sfn|Ribeiro da Silva|2004|p=96}}
: According to ''{{slink||Finalist theory}}'', the {{lang|pt-BR|fato típico}} consists of four elements:{{sfn|Leite|2018}}{{sfn|Ribeiro da Silva|2004|p=96}}{{sfn|Gomes|2010}}
:# the conduct of an individual (''{{slink||Conduta}}''),
:# a result ({{lang|pt-BR|resultado}}),
:# a causal connection between the two (''{{slink||Nexo causal}}''{{hairspace}}), and 
:# description or codification of the act as a punishable offense (''{{slink||Tipicidade}})''.
:If any of these is missing, there is no crime.{{sfn|Gomes|2010}}
: The {{lang|pt|fato típico}} is broken down further into two types of conduct, ''{{slink||dolosa}}'' and ''{{slink||culposa}}'', depending on the degree of intent involved.{{sfn|Leite|2018}} 
: '''Usage note:''' There is no generally accepted term in English for {{lang|pt|fato típico}}; literal translations of this term as ''{{slink||typical fact}}'' or ''typical act'' are widespread but are always incorrect and should be ignored.

;{{Vanchor|Federal Senate}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Federal Senate]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Senado Federal do Brasil]]
: The upper house of the ''{{slink||National Congress}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Federative units}}
:See ''{{slink||Unidades federativas}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Finalista|finalista|Finalismo|finalismo}}
: one who espouses the {{slink||Finalist theory of action}} originated by Hans Welzel. 
: {{lang|pt|finalismo}}: The essence of the Finalist theory.

;{{Vanchor|First instance}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=First instance]] 
: see ''{{slink||Primeira instância}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Fiscal pedaling}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Fiscal pedaling]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Pedalada fiscal]]
: a [[calque]] of the Portuguese term, ''{{slink||Pedalada fiscal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Flagrante}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Flagrante]]
: English uses the Latin term: ''[[In flagrante delicto]]''.
: a legal term used to indicate that a criminal was caught while committing a crime; often in the expression ''em flagrante delito'' as in [[:pt:wikt:flagrante#Adjetivo|this example]]. ''{{slink||CPP}}'' Article 301. The more everyday term is ''{{slink||Pego em flagrante}}''. The everyday English expression is ''[[wikt:red-handed|caught red-handed]]''.

;{{Vanchor|Forensic investigation}}
: [[:pt:Ciência_forense]].  From en:R==> [[en:Forensic science]]. 

;{{Vanchor|Foro privilegiado}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Foro privilegiado]]
: Official name: O [[:pt:foro especial por prerrogativa de função|foro especial por prerrogativa de função]]. ''Foro privilegiado'' is the colloquial equivalent of this.
: Context: "''pessoas com foro privilegiado''", as in this example from [[:pt:Desdobramentos da Operação Lava Jato#Operação Leviatã]]:
::{{xt|''A operação focou a parte do esquema que repassava dinheiro só para o PMDB porque a parte do PT, não envolvendo '''pessoas com foro privilegiado''', tramita na Justiça Federal do Paraná.''}}
: It is a method of determining a jurisdictional question, namely what venue has jurisdiction over certain high public officials in certain penal actions, based on their position or function. Normally, most people in Brazil, if accused of certain crimes, start off in lower courts and their cases may proceed to higher courts, under the law. For a limited subset of people, those with the ''foro privilegiado'' status, they start right off in the higher courts. The Brazilian Constitution specifies which officials according have "''foro privilegiado''", and the list includes the President of the Republic, Senators, Federal Deputies, State Deputies, ministers of State, Governors; and only while holding the office.  See [[:pt:foro especial por prerrogativa de função]] for details. 
: Too complex for a simple English translation, suggest using the original term in an [[Template:ill|interwiki link]], and a follow-up [[Template:Efn|explanatory note]]. See [[Offshoots of Operation Car Wash#Operation Leviathan]] for an example.

;{{Vanchor|Formação de quadrilha|formação de quadrilha|Formacao de quadrilha|formacao de quadrilha}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Formação de quadrilha]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:quadrilha]] 
: gang formation; conspiracy; criminal conspiracy
: expressions: {{lang|pt|acusados de formação de quadrilha}}{{snd}} "accused of federal racketeering" (chiefly U.S. usage)
: See ''{{slink||Quadrilha}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Funcional|funcional|Funcionais|funcionais}}
: in common parlance, cognate to English "functional",{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} but has two other senses:
:# an adjective for ''{{slink||Funcionário}}'', a company employee or civil servant ''[[:pt:wikt:funcionário|funcionário]]''{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/funcional/ funcional]}}
:# a special sense, when combined with ''apartamento''; see ''{{slink||Apartamento funcional}}''

<br/><small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>
<span id="H"></span>

=== G ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|GO}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:GO]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:GO]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Goiás]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Goiânia]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Governo federal do Brasil}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Governo federal do Brasil]]
: the [[Federal government of Brazil]], divided into three branches: the ''[[#Poder executivo|§&nbsp;executive branch]]'', headed by the ''{{slink||President}}'' and the cabinet; the ''[[#Poder legislativo|§&nbsp;legislative]]'', whose powers are vested by the ''{{slink||Constitution}}'' in the ''{{slink||National Congress}}''; and the ''[[#Poder judiciário|§&nbsp;judiciary]]'', whose powers are vested in the ''[[#Supremo Tribunal Federal|§&nbsp;Supreme Federal Court]]'' and lower federal courts. 

=== I ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Ideológicamente falso|ideológicamente falso|Ideologicamente falso|ideologicamente falso}}  
: see ''{{slink||Falsidade ideológica}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Ilicitude|ilicitude}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ilicitude]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:ilicitude]]
: state of being ''{{slink||ilícito}}''.{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=[https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/ilicitude/ ilicitude]}}
: One of the three strucural elements of a ''{{slink||crime}}''.{{sfn|Leite|2018}} 
: Synonym of ''{{slink||antijuricidade}}.''{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976|p=184}}{{sfn|Magalhães Noronha|1974|p=95}}{{efn|name="Magalhães Noronha quote"}}

;{{Vanchor|Ilícito|ilícito|Ilícita|ilícita}}
: Unlawful.
;{{Vanchor|Imperícia|imperícia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Imperícia]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:imperícia]] 
: [[malpractice]]; incompetence; unskillfulness.

;{{Vanchor|Imprudência|imprudência|Imprudencia|imprudencia}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Imprudência]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:imprudência]] 
: [[Recklessness (law)|Recklessness]].{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=210}}

;{{Vanchor|Imputabilidade|imputabilidade|Imputável|imputável|imputavel}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Imputabilidade penal]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:imputabilidade]]
: the capacity to be charged with a crime (not if minor, sick, forced etc.); prosecutable 
: See also: Culpabilidade §3, by Gustavo Octaviano Diniz Junqueira [https://enciclopediajuridica.pucsp.br/verbete/414/edicao-1/culpabilidade]

;{{Vanchor|Infração penal|Infracao penal|Infração|Infracao}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Infração penal]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:infração]]
: any conduct specified by the law as illicit. Comprises two types: ''{{slink||Crime}}''s (felonies), and ''{{slink||Contravenções}}'' (misdemeanor). Compare ''{{slink||Crime}}''.{{sfn|de Moraes Toledo|2023|loc=1.0 Introdução}}

;{{Vanchor|Inimputabilidade|inimputabilidade|Inimputável|inimputável|inimputavel}}
: inability or incapacity to be charged with a crime; unprosecutable. See ''{{slink||Imputabilidade}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Inquérito|inquérito}}
: the written report produced at the end of a police investigation, and handed over to the ''{{slink||delegado}}''.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=217–218}}

;{{Vanchor|Inquérito policial|inquérito policial|Inquérito|inquérito}}
: Police investigation.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=217}}

;{{Vanchor|Instância|Instancia}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Instância (grau de jurisdição)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:instância]]
: An {{lang|pt|instância}} is any of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) of a court in the judiciary branch. The first, or lowest level is the ''{{slink||Primeira instância}}''; the appeals courts are the ''{{slink||Segunda instância}}'', and at the highest level are the superior courts.

;{{Vanchor|Instância extraordinária|Instancia extraordinaria}}
:There is no "extraordinary instance" of the ''[[#Poder Judiciário|§&nbsp;judiciary branch]]'' defined in the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''. However, the ''{{slink||Supremo Tribunal Federal}}'' is sometimes known informally as the "extraordinary instance", because it has jurisdiction over lower courts of the ''[[#First instance|§&nbsp;first]]'' and ''[[#Second instance|§&nbsp;second instance]]''.

;{{Vanchor|Instância superior|Instancia superior}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=instância superior]]
: Of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) of courts in the judiciary branch, the highest level is made up of the four superior courts.  They are: the ''{{slink||Supremo Tribunal Federal}}'', ''{{slink||Superior Tribunal de Justiça}}'', ''{{slink||Tribunal Superior do Trabalho}}'', ''{{slink||Tribunal Superior Eleitoral}}''. They are the last resort of appeal of decisions made in appelate courts of the ''[[#Segundo instância|§&nbsp;second instance]]''. Informally, since these courts (and the ''{{slink||Superior Tribunal Militar}}'') can review judgments made by lower courts of the ''{{slink||Segunda Instância}}'', the public sometimes calls the superior courts the ''{{slink||Terceira instância}}'' ("third instance"). 

;{{Vanchor|Interposição dos recursos|interposição dos recursos|interposicao dos recursos}}
: lodge an appeal; bring proceedings; give notice of an appeal; file an appeal; seeking review
: '''Usage note:''' {{lang|pt|prazos de interposição de recursos}} – deadline (or time limit) for seeking review (or for lodging an appeal)

;{{Vanchor|Intimação|Intimacao|intimação|intimacao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Intimação]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:intimação]]
: a ''{{slink||Summons}}'', ''{{slink||Writ}}''
: A written communication issued by the competent authority to make someone aware of acts and terms of judicial or administrative proceedings. Sometimes also instructing the receiver on what to do and what not to do regarding the proceedings.{{cn|date=Decmember 2019}}

;{{Vanchor|Intimação judicial|Intimacao judicial}} 
: [[Summons#Judicial_summons]].
: notice (''{{slink||intimação}}'') of a judicial decision, such as judicial notification of a judgment for the purpose of establishing the time limit (''{{slink||contagem de prazo}}'') for lodging an appeal ''{{slink||recurso}}''

=== J ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Juiz}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juiz]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:juiz]]
: judge; court; referee.  A judge of the  ''[[#Primeira instância|§&nbsp;first instance]]''.
: expressions: 
:* [[:pt:juiz de paz]]: justice of the peace.
:* juiz de instrução: investigative judge; [[examining magistrate]].
: '''Usage note:''' it's a peculiarity of Brazilian terminology surrounding judgeships, that judges in courts of different degrees or levels ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) are known by different honorific titles, depending on what level they are in the hierarchy of the ''[[#Poder judicial|§&nbsp;judicial branch]]''. The term {{lang|pt|juiz}} is used for judges of the ''[[#Primeira instância|§&nbsp;first instance]]''. See also: ''{{slink||Desembargador}}'', ''{{slink||Ministro}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Juiz eleitoral|Juizes eleitorais}}    &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juiz eleitoral]]
: Judges who rule in cases involving electoral law ({{lang|pt|Direito Eleitoral}}) and part of the electoral justice system ([[:pt:Justiça Eleitoral do Brasil]]) in courts of the ''[[#Primeira instância|§&nbsp;first instance]]''.

;{{Vanchor|Juiz federal|Juízes federais}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juiz federal]]
: a judge in the federal justice system who prosecutes and judges cases in  federal court. A ''juiz federal'' is a judge of the ''[[#Primeira instância|§&nbsp;first instance]]'' in the ''{{slink||Justiça Federal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Juíza|Juiza}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juíza]] 
: judge (female).

;{{Vanchor|Juizado}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juizado]] 
: court. See ''{{slink||Vara}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Juízo|Juizo}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juízo]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:juízo]]
: judgment. See ''{{slink||Vara}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Juiz relator|juiz relator}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Juiz relator]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:Relator]]
: a reporting judge, similar to a {{lang|fr|juge rapporteur}} in French civil law, or a Judge-Rapporteur in the European Union. They set forth the arguments of the parties, specify the questions of fact and of law raised in the dispute, list the evidence, and write a report for the presiding judges on the case, and may perform other functions as prescribed by law.<ref>{{cite web |author=((The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica)) |title=Rapporteur |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/rapporteur |date=July 20, 1998 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. |accessdate=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Regimento Interno - TJPR |url=https://www.tjpr.jus.br/regimento-interno?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_sB4jWIQ0S1qA&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2&a_page_anchor=27207589 |date=<!--no date--> |website=Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=18 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--staff writers, no byline--> |title=Você sabe qual é a função do relator? |url=https://deboramq.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/533933929/voce-sabe-qual-e-a-funcao-do-relator |date=2 January 2018 |website=Jusbrasil |publisher=Moral Queiroz e Advogados Associados |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=18 January 2020 }}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Julgado}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Julgado]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:julgado]]
: tried; sentenced. See ''{{slink||Vara}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Julgamento}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Julgamento]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:julgamento]]
: judgment; trial; verdict; sentencing.

=== {{Anchor|KL}}K ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|Kickback}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Kickback (bribery)]]
: a form of negotiated bribery in which a [[commission (remuneration)|commission]] is paid to the bribe-taker in exchange for services rendered. Generally speaking, the remuneration (money, goods, or services) is negotiated ahead of time. The kickback varies from other kinds of bribery in that there is implied collusion between the two parties, rather than one party [[extorting]] the bribe from the other.
: See ''{{slink||Propina}}'', ''{{slink||suborno}}''.


=== L ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Laranja}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::laranja#Substantivo]]
: (slang) a middleman whose name is used in corrupt transactions. This slang term is sufficiently new or not yet established that Brazilian media sometimes place it between double quotes. 
: Other contexts: the standard, non-slang meaning is "orange".

;{{Vanchor|Lavagem de ativos|lavagem de ativos}}
: synonym for {{lang|pt|Lavagem de dinheiro}} ("money laundering").

;{{Vanchor|Legal process}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Legal process]]
: any formal [[notice]] or [[writ]] by a [[court]] obtaining [[jurisdiction]] over a person or property. Common forms of process include a [[summons]], [[subpoena]], [[Mandate (criminal law)|Mandate]], and [[warrant (law)|warrant]]. Process normally takes effect by [[service of process|serving]] it on a person, [[arrest]]ing a person, posting it on [[real property]], or seizing [[personal property]]. 
: Contrast ''[[:pt:Processo judicial]]'', which is not a "Legal process"; it is closer to [[Legal proceeding]].
: '''Usage note''': this is one of those cases where a word is used differently in a legal context than in standard English; the "process" here is not the ''procedure'' of carrying out the delivery of a warrant as one might expect; the "process" is the set of paper documents themselves. When you "serve process", you hand documents to someone. A "process server" is an official who "serves" (delivers, hands over) papers to someone.

;{{Vanchor|Lei anticorrupção|Lei anticorrupcao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Lei anticorrupção (Brasil)]]
: aliases: Lei da Empresa Limpa; Lei Nº 12.846/2013
: Anti-corruption law which took effect in 2014.<ref name="anti-corr act" /><ref name="Lovells-2017" />  This law targets companies doing business in Brazil, and provides for reductions in penalties of up to 2/3 of what would otherwise be imposed and other benefits, in return for self-disclosure about corrupt activities. This law applies to corporate entities only, not employees or other individuals; the latter are covered under plea bargain agreements.


;{{Vanchor|Leniency agreement}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Acordo de leniência]]
: see ''{{slink||Acordo de leniência}}''. 
: see ''{{slink||Odebrecht leniency agreement}}''.


=== M ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|MA}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:MA]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:MA]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Maranhão]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Mandado}}
: Warrant. There are various types, named after their content, including {{lang|pt|Mandado de Citação}} (for ''{{slink||Citação}}'', {{lang|pt|Mandado de Intimação}} (''{{slink||Intimação}}''), {{lang|pt|Mandado de Intimação e Citação}}, {{lang|pt|Mandado de Penhora}} etc. 

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de busca}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de busca]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=search warrant]]
: a [[search warrant]]. 
: Aliases: ''{{slink||Mandado de busca e apreensão}}''
: A search warrant, or search and seizure warrant (which are legally synonymous in Brazil), is a court order that a magistrate or judge issues to authorize police officers to conduct a search of a person, place or vehicle for evidence of a crime and confiscate any evidence they find. In most countries, a search warrant cannot be issued in aid of civil proceedings.

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de busca e apreensão|Mandado de busca e apreensao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de busca e apreensão]]
: a [[search warrant]]. Literally, "search and seizure warrant".  All search warrants include the possibility of confiscation of items, so there is no distinction between the two. See ''{{slink||Mandado de busca}}'', for which this is a redirect.

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de prisão|Mandado de prisao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de prisão]]  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=arrest warrant]]
: an [[arrest warrant]]. Codified under article 225 of the ''{{slink||CPP}}''. Ordered by a judge, and with specific information appearing on it.

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de prisão preventiva|Mandado de prisao preventiva}}
: a mandate; see ''[[#Prisão preventiva|§&nbsp;Prisão preventiva]]''.

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de prisão temporária|Mandado de prisao temporaria}}
: a mandate; see ''{{slink||Prisão temporária}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Mandado de segurança|Mandado de seguranca}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de seguranca]]   &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=writ of security]]
: a [[writ of security]] for protection of individual rights, defined in article 5, item LXIX of the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''. Similar to a [[writ of amparo]] or a [[writ of mandamus]].

;{{Vanchor|Mandado judicial}}     &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado judicial]]
: a [[court order]]; judicial mandate; court warrant; warrant;

;{{Vanchor|Materialmente falso|materialmente falso}}
: see ''{{slink||Falsidade material}}''

;{{Vanchor|MC}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Ministério das Comunicações}}''.

;{{Vanchor|MDB}}
: abbreviation for [[:pt:Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (1980)]]; in English: [[Brazilian Democratic Movement]].
: A centrist political party; formerly called the ''{{slink||PMDB}}''.

;{{Vanchor|MDIC}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Ministério da Indústria, Comércio Exterior e Serviços}}''.

;{{Vanchor|ME}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Ministério da Economia}}''.
{{term||2={{Vanchor||{{lang|pt|Medida provisória}} {{anchor|medida provisória|medida provisoria}}}}
{{defn|{{ghat|{{crossreference|see [[:pt:Medida provisória]]; [[Provisional measure]]}}}}
literally, "provisional measure". Legal acts that have immediate effects and a fixed duration which can be issued by the president of Brazil in "important and urgent situations" according to article 62 of the {{gli|Constitution}}. The acts must be approved by the National Congress in order to become a proper law. Usually abbreviated MP in Portuguese.<ref>{{cite web |language=pt |author=Câmara dos Deputados |title=Medida Provisória |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/comunicacao/assessoria-de-imprensa/guia-para-jornalistas/medida-provisoria |accessdate=29 April 2024}}</ref>}}
;{{Vanchor|Mensalão|Mensalao|Mensaleiro}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:mensalão]]
: 2005 neologism meaning a monthly payment to Congress members in return for supporting government policy
: derived forms:
:* [[:pt:wikt:mensaleiro]]{{snd}}someone who received/receives a {{lang|pt|mensalão}} (also adj.)

;{{Vanchor|Mercado cinza}} &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mercado cinza]] &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Grey market]]
: Grey market.
: the trade of goods through distribution channels that, while legal, are unofficial, unauthorized, or not intended by the original manufacturer. The most common type of gray market is the sale of imported goods brought in by small import companies or distributors not authorized by the manufacturer that would otherwise be more expensive in the country and are being {{clarify|text=legally imported with tax collection|reason=with, or without, tax collection? |post-text=See [[:pt:Mercado cinza]].}} A typical example is prescription drugs imported by a rich nation from nearby countries where the price is cheaper.
: Compare: ''{{slink||Economia cinza}}'', ''{{slink||Black market}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Mercado paralelo}} &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mercado paralelo]]  &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=parallel market]]
: See ''{{slink||Mercado cinza}}''.

;{{Vanchor|MF}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Ministério da Fazenda (Brasil)}}''.

;{{Vanchor|MG}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:MG]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:MG]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Minas Gerais]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Belo Horizonte]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Ministério das Comunicações|Ministerio das Comunicacoes}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério das Comunicações (Brasil)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (Brazil)]]
: The [[Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (Brazil)]]. A defunct cabinet level Ministry in Brazil.

;{{Vanchor|Ministério da Economia|Ministerio da Economia}} &nbsp;  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério da Economia (Brasil)]]
: The Ministry of the Economy in Brazil (full name ''Secretaria Especial da Receita Federal do Brasil''). This Ministry was created in 2019 under Bolsonaro from four previous agencies (''{{slink||MF}}'', ''{{slink||MP}}'', ''{{slink||MDIC}}'' and ''{{slink||MT}}'') and is responsible for the formulation and execution of national economic policy through multiple agencies, including the National Treasury, and the departments of Finance, Planning, Taxation, Foreign Trade, and others.

;{{Vanchor|Ministério do Planejamento|Ministerio do Planejamento}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Ministry of Planning, Budget and Management]]
: A former Brazil governmental ministry (full name: [[:pt:Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão]]) responsible for planning, administration, audit, and other functions. Dissolved January 2019.

;{{Vanchor|Ministério da Previdência social|Ministerio da Previdencia social}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério da Previdência social]]
: See ''{{slink||Previdência social}}'' (social security).

;{{Vanchor|Ministro}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministro#Brasil]]
# a Minister of State; a [[cabinet minister]]. Officially, "[[:pt:Ministro#Brasil|Minister of State]]" ({{lang|pt|Ministro do Estado}}). The top executive of any one of the 24 [[Ministry (government department)|ministries]] in the ''[[#Poder executivo|§&nbsp;executive branch]]''. 
# a judge of one of the high courts is honored by the title of "minister", even though they are judges. Compare: ''{{slink||Juiz}}'', ''{{slink||Desembargador}}''. See Usage note at ''{{slink||Juiz}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Misdemeanor}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Misdemeanor]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:misdemeanor]]
: ''{{slink||Contravenção}}''.

;{{Vanchor|MP}}
: abbreviation for ''[[#Ministério do Planejamento|§&nbsp;#Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão]]''.

;{{Vanchor|MPF}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério Público Federal]]
: an abbreviation for [[:pt:Ministério Público Federal]] (''{{slink||Federal Public Ministry}}''); redirects from [[:pt:Procuradoria da república]]; part of the Ministério Público da União (MPU).

;{{Vanchor|MPU}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Ministério Público no Brasil#Ministério Público da União]]
: is [[:pt:Ministério Público da União]] made up of the military, labor, capital territory, and MPF, the MPU is subordinate to the [[:pt:Ministério Público do Brasil]]; headed by the [[:pt:Procurador-Geral da República]], appointed by the President.

: Some items connected to MPF or MPU, either higher or lower on the admin hierarchy, that haven't been untangled yet:
* [[:pt:Ministério Público no Brasil]]  = [[en:Brazilian Federal Prosecution Office]] ==> [[en:Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)]]
* [[:pt:Ministério Público da União]]
* [[:pt:Procuradoria da República em Goiás]] =R=> [[:pt:Ministério Público Federal]] = [[en:Federal Public Ministry]] ==> [[en:Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)]] 
* [[en:Ministério Público (Brazil)]] ==> [[en:Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)]]

;{{Vanchor|MS}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:MS]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:MS]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Mato Grosso do Sul]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Campo Grande]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|MT}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:MT]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:MT]]
: 1. standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Mato Grosso]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Cuiabá]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].
: 2. an abbreviation for the ''{{slink||Ministério do Trabalho}}''.

=== N ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|National Congress}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=National Congress of Brazil]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Congresso Nacional do Brasil]]  
: ''{{slink||Congresso Nacional}}'' 

;{{vanchor|Negligência|negligência|negligencia}}
:  the act of omitting or forgetting something that should have been said or done in order to avoid causing injury (''{{slink||lesão}}'') or damage (''{{slink||dano}}'') to others.{{sfn|Significados negligencia|2011}} See ''{{slink||culpa}}.

;[[:pt:Nexo de causalidade|{{vanchor|Nexo de causalidade|nexo de causalidade|Nexo causal|nexo causal}}]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Relação de causalidade (direito)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:causalidade]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Causation (law)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:causality]]
: [[Causation (law)|Causation]], [[cause and effect]]; the connection that exists and can be substantiated between the action taken by the individual and the result of the act;  one of the four elements of ''{{slink||fato típico}}''.{{sfn|Lenzi|2019|loc=[https://www.significados.com.br/fato-tipico/ fato-tipico]}}

;{{Vanchor|Nota fiscal}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Nota fiscal]]
: a [[wikt:receipt|receipt]] or [[wikt:invoice|invoice]].

;{{Vanchor|Notas frias}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de busca]]
: or, ''Notas fiscais frias'', are fake receipts ({{lang|pt-BR|[[#Nota fiscal|§&nbsp;notas fiscais]] falsas}}) which are for a service that was never actually performed or which was provided by a non-existent company, or by people who appropriate blank receipt forms belonging to firms that have closed down or are inactive.

=== O ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|Offshore|offshore}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Offshore company]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Offshore bank]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:offshore]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Empresa offshore]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:offshore]]
: a Portuguese loanword from English.  A Brazilian definition is "a company that does its accounting in a country other than the one(s) where it operates."<ref>{{cite web |language=pt |author=<!--staff writers; no byline-->|title=Significado de Offshore |trans-title= Meaning of Offshore |url=https://www.significados.com.br/offshore/ |date=2019-04-29 |website=Significados |publisher=7Graus Lda |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2020-02-10}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Organização criminosa|organização criminosa|Organizacao criminosa|organizacao criminosa}} &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Organização criminosa]]
: Organized crime. See also ''{{slink||Associação criminosa}}'', ''{{slink||Quadrilha}}''.


=== P ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|PA}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PA]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:PA]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Pará]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Belém]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Pagamento de vantagem indevida}}
: literally, "payment of unfair or unjustified advantage". The active partner in "''''[[#Vantagem indevida|§&nbsp;vantagem indevida]]''''". A form of ''{{slink||Corrupção ativa}}'' ("active corruption"). See ''{{slink||Vantagem indevida}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Paraíso fiscal|Paraiso fiscal}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Paraíso fiscal]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Tax haven]]
: lit., "fiscal paradise: a [[Tax haven]].

;{{Vanchor|Parliamentary Inquiry Commission}}
: See ''{{slink||CPI}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Parte ré}}
: See ''{{slink||Réu}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Partido da República|Partido da Republica}}  &nbsp;&nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido da República]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Party of the Republic]]
: abbreviation: PR
: the [[Party of the Republic]] is a Brazilian political party, now known as the ''{{slink||Partido Liberal}}'' (PL).

;{{Vanchor|Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira]]
: the [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]] is a political party of the center, founded in 1988 by [[Mario Covas]]. Known in Brazil by the initials PSDB.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Democrático Social}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Democrático Social]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Democratic Social Party]]
: abbreviation: PDS
: the [[Democratic Social Party]] is a former conservative Brazilian political party, 1979–1993.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Democrático Trabalhista|Partido Democratico Trabalhista}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Democrático Trabalhista]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)]]
: abbreviation: PDT
: The [[Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)|Democratic Labour Party]] (Portuguese: Partido Democrático Trabalhista, PDT) is a [[social democratic]] and [[democratic socialist]] political party in Brazil.

;{{Vanchor|Partido dos Trabalhadores}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido dos Trabalhadores]]
: abbreviation: PT.
: the [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] is a social democratic political party founded in 1980. Recent Presidents [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] and [[Dilma Rousseff]] are from the PT. 

;{{Vanchor|Partido Liberal}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Liberal (2006)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)]]
: abbreviation: PL
: the Liberal Party is a Brazilian [[liberal conservative]] political party. Formerly known as ''{{slink||Partido da República}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Progressista}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Progressista]]
: alias for the ''{{slink||Progressistas}}'' political party.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Republicano Brasileiro}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Republicano Brasileiro]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Brazilian Republican Party]]
: abbreviation: PRB
: the [[Brazilian Republican Party]] is a political party. It changed name in 2019 and is now known as the ''{{slink||Republicanos}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Socialista Brasileiro}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Socialista Brasileiro]]
: the [[Brazilian Socialist Party]] is a [[democratic-socialist]] political party.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Social Cristão|Partido Social Cristao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Social Cristão]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Social Christian Party (Brazil)]]
: abbreviation: PSC
: the [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]] was a conservative political party in Brazil. Founded in 1985 as a [[Christian democratic]] party. The party supported [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] in the [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|presidential election of 1989]]. President Jair Bolsonaro is a former member of the party.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Social Liberal}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Social Liberal]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Social Liberal Party (Brazil)]]
: abbreviation: PSL
: the [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]] is a conservative political party in Brazil. Founded  in 1994 as a  [[social liberal]] party. In January 2018, former Social Christian politician [[Jair Bolsonaro]] joined the party and later converted it into an economically liberal, nationalist, radically anti-communist and social conservative party. The original name remained after the ideological shift.

;{{Vanchor|Partido Trabalhista Cristão|Partido Trabalhista Cristao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Partido Trabalhista Cristão]]
: the [[Christian Labour Party]] is a [[liberal-conservative]] political party in Brazil. President [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] was from the PTC, as it is usually known.

;{{Vanchor|PB}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PB]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:PB]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Paraíba]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[João Pessoa]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|PDS}}
: abbreviation for the [[Partido Democrático Social]].

;{{Vanchor|PDT}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Democrático Trabalhista}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PE}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PE]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:PE]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Pernambuco]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Recife]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Peculato}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Peculato]]
: literally, "embezzlement". There are other words in Portuguese that are commonly used to mean embezzlement more generally, including ''[[:pt:wikt:desvio|desvio]]'' (diversion), ''[[:pt:wikt:malversação|malversação]]'' (misappropriation), ''[[:pt:wikt:desfalque|desfalque]]'' (embezzlement), and others.  The term ''[[:pt:wikt:peculato|peculato]]'' is used specifically to mean embezzlement by a public official in an abuse of public trust for their own benefit or someone else's.  It is one of several crimes that is considered a "''[[#Crime contra a administração pública|§&nbsp;crime against public administration]]''". It is governed by ''{{slink||Penal code}}'' [[:pt:s:Código_Penal_Brasileiro/Parte_Especial/Título_XI/Capítulo_I|Article 312]].

;{{Vanchor|Pedalada fiscal}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Pedalada fiscal]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:pedalada fiscal]]
: synonym: ''Pedaladas''.
: in English: "[[Fiscal pedaling]]"; a governmental [[creative accounting]] technique involving the use of state-owned banks to front funds required for paying general government obligations without officially declaring a loan, thus hiding these transfers from public scrutiny and delaying repayment from the Treasury to these banks. As such it is a kind of [[overdraft]] implying a positive balance sheet that does not really exist.

;{{Vanchor|Pedetista}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:pedetista]]
: noun: a person belonging to the ''{{slink||PDT}}'' (''{{slink||Partido Democrático Trabalhista}}''); from the Portuguese pronunciation of the initialism, + ''[[:pt:wikt:-ista#Sufixo|suffix -ista (#1)]]''.
: adj: of or pertaining to the ''{{slink||PDT}}''

;{{Vanchor|Pego em flagrante}}
: "caught in the act".  See ''{{slink||Flagrante}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Peita|peita|Peitar|peitar}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:peitar]] 
: See ''{{slink||suborno}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Penal code|penal code|Penal Code}} &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Penal Code of Brazil]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Código Penal brasileiro de 1940]]
: Brazil's penal code, established in 1940. Abbreviated CP in Portuguese.

;{{Vanchor|Penitenciária|Penitenciaria}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Penitenciária]]
: a [[Prison]].
: Also: {{lang|pt|presídio}}, {{lang|pt|claustro}}, {{lang|pt|clausura}}, {{lang|pt|cadeia}}, {{lang|pt|cárcere}}, or ''{{slink||prisão}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Perícia|Pericia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Perícia]]
: a [[forensic investigation]]?
: a análise técnica de uma situação, fato ou estado redigida por um especialista numa determinada disciplina, o perito.  É um exame realizado por profissional especialista, legalmente habilitado, destinado a verificar ou esclarecer determinado fato, apurar as causas motivadoras do mesmo, ou o estado, a alegação de direitos, ou a estimação da coisa que é objeto de litígio ou processo.

;{{Vanchor|Perjurio}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Perjurio]]
: [[Perjury]].
: o ato intencional de prestar um juramento falso ou violação do juramento, falada ou por escrito, sobre assuntos relevantes a um procedimento oficial CPP 342. 
: Compare: conhecido como "falso testemunho" em CPP

;{{Vanchor|Petista|petista}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:petista]] &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:wikt:petista]]
: a member or supporter of the ''{{slink||PT}}'' (Workers Party)

;{{Vanchor|Petrolão}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:petrolão]]
: a 2014 neologism which means "big oil", and grew out of the [[Operation Car Wash]] scandal. It's a [[portmanteau]] word made up of {{lang|pt|petróleo}} ("oil") and ''{{slink||Mensalão}}'' ("monthly payment").

;{{Vanchor|PF}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PF]]
: abbreviation for "Policia Federal"; see ''{{slink||Polícia Federal do Brasil}}''

;{{Vanchor|PGR}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Procuradoria-Geral da República}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PI}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PI]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:PI]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Piauí]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Teresina]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|PL}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Liberal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Plea bargain}}
: No exact equivalent in Brazilian law, but similar to both ''{{slink||Delação premiada}}'', which applies only to a [[natural person]], and ''{{slink||Acordo de leniência}}'', which applies only to [[juridical person]]s (business entities, not people); and often, somewhat confusingly, used as a translation in the English press for either one.  See the Usage note at ''{{slink||Delação premiada}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PMDB}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PMDB]]
: abbreviation for ''Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro''.  See ''{{slink||MDB}}''. 
: [[:pt:Wikcionário]] has [[:pt:wikt:PMDB|an entry for PMDB]].

;{{Vanchor|Poder executivo}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Poder executivo]]
: The [[executive branch]] of government; one of the three branches ({{lang|pt|ramos}}) of the Brazilian government. The top official(s) of the executive branch fulfill two roles: that of [[head of state]] (President, King, Prince, etc.), and in a parliamentary system, [[head of government]] (Chancellor, Prime Minister, Minister of State, Secretary General, etc.)

;{{Vanchor|Poder judiciário|Poder judiciario}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Poder Judiciário do Brasil]]
: lit. "Judicial power" (or "authority"); the judicial branch. One of the three branches of government, according to the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''.  The judiciary branch is based on three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}).  It is made up of 5 things: 1. ''{{slink||Supremo Tribunal Federal}}'' (STF), 2. ''{{slink||Superior Tribunal de Justiça}}'' (STJ), 3. ''{{slink||Tribunais Regionais Federais}}'' (TRF) (Federal Regional Courts), and ''{{slink||Federal judges}}'' (''[[#Juiz federal|§&nbsp;juízes federais]]''), 4. military judges and  tribunals, and 5. tribunals and judges of the states, the ''{{slink||Federal District}}'', and the territories.  See ''{{slink||Instância}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Poder legislativo}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Poder legislativo]]
: legislative branch (lit. "legislative power"; legislative authority). One of the three branches of ''[[#Governo federal|§&nbsp;government]]'' ordained in article 1 of the ''{{slink||Constitution}}'', consisting of the National Congress, is exercised by the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each state of the Union is represented by three Senators of the Republic, elected by majority vote, and the seats in the Chamber of Deputies are divided according to the population of each state, and the deputies elected by [[proportional vote]].

;{{Vanchor|Poder público|Poder Público|Poder Publico|Poder publico}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Poder público]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:poder público]]
: the ensemble of state institutions with authority to carry out the affairs of State; the three branches of government: ''{{slink||Poder executivo}}'', ''{{slink||Poder judiciário}}'', ''{{slink||Poder legislativo}}''.
: '''Usage note''': in the plural, it may have a different meaning: 
:* '''poderes públicos'''{{snd}}public authorities, official authority; similar to the non-specific sense of "the authorities" in English.

;{{Vanchor|Policia especializada}}
: See ''{{slink||Delegacia especializada}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PP}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Progressista}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Polícia Federal do Brasil|Polícia Federal do Brasil|Polícia Federal|Policia Federal}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Polícia Federal do Brasil]]
: ''[[:pt:Polícia Federal do Brasil]]'' = [[Federal Police of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|PR}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:PR]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:PR]]
: 1. standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Paraná (state)]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Curitiba]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].
: 2. : abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido da República}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PRB}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Republicano Brasileiro}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Precatório|Precatorio}}
: A writ of payment; a payment request issued by the judiciary to a governmental entity like a state, a municipality, or the Union itself, as a result of a court judgment against them. <ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |author=Conselho Nacional de Justiça |authorlink=National Justice Council |title=O que são os precatórios? |trans-title=What are 'precatórios'? |url=https://cnj.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/170446212/o-que-sao-os-precatorios |date=2 March 2015 |publisher=Conselho Nacional de Justiça |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref> After winning a case against the government (''{{slink||Poder Público}}''), the plaintiff, who can be a physical or juridical person, becomes the holder of a certificate named the "Precatório", which is a judicial recognition of a debt that the public entity owes to the plaintiff in the suit. Conditions of payment are covered by the Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |author=Advocacia Sandoval Filho |title=O que são precatórios e como eles funcionam |trans-title=What 'precatórios' are, and how they work |date=15 May 2019 |url=https://www.sandovalfilho.com.br/o-que-sao-precatorios-e-como-eles-funcionam/ |website=Advocacia Sandoval Filho |accessdate=1 January 2020}}</ref>  This places the government in the position of being a [[judgment debtor]]. There are two types of {{lang|pt|precatório}}, called {{lang|pt|alimentar}} and  {{lang|pt|comun}}:<ref name=Rodrigues-2017a>{{cite web |lang=pt |last=Rodrigues |first=Breno |title=Você sabe o que é precatório? |trans-title=Do you know what a precatório is? |url=https://blog.meuprecatorio.com.br/voce-sabe-o-que-e-precatorio/ |date=2017-09-11 |website=meu precatorio |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126021810/https://blog.meuprecatorio.com.br/voce-sabe-o-que-e-precatorio/ |archivedate=2020-01-26 |accessdate=2020-01-26}}</ref>
: There is no established term in English for {{lang|pt|precatório}}. Some options seen are: writs of payment, special judicial order payment, writs of payment of government debt, certificates of judgment debt. Some expressions using it are:
:* o pagamento de precatórios{{snd}}court-ordered debt
:* pagamento de precatórios{{snd}}payment of special judicial orders
:* o uso de precatórios para abater a dívida{{snd}}the use of writ to offset the debts
: Note: a law of the State of Rio de Janeiro gave debtor municipalities ten years to pay {{lang|pt|precatório}} debts.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |title=LEI Nº 5647 DE 18 DE JANEIRO DE 2010. |trans-title=Law No. 5647 of January 18, 2010 of the State of Rio de Janeiro  |url=http://alerjln1.alerj.rj.gov.br/contlei.nsf/c8aa0900025feef6032564ec0060dfff/127da1417cbdde16832576dd0061191b?OpenDocument |date=18 January 2010 |accessdate=31 December 2019}}</ref>
: Other contexts: the term '''''[[wikt:precatory|precatory]]''''' in English is a [[false friend]]; the English word has to do with wills and testaments. It is not a valid translation of {{lang|pt|precatório}}.{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Precatório alimentar|Precatorio alimentar}}
: a type of ''{{slink||Precatório}}'' which is related to judicial decisions on pensions, salaries, retirements and indemnities for death and disability. These are writs of payment for damage to an individuals income stream.<ref name=Rodrigues-2017b>{{cite web |lang=pt |last=Rodrigues |first=Breno |title=O que é precatório alimentar? |trans-title=What is a precatório alimentar? |url=https://blog.meuprecatorio.com.br/o-que-e-precatorio-alimentar/ |date=2017-09-25 |website=meu precatorio |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023121440/https://blog.meuprecatorio.com.br/2017/09/25/o-que-e-precatorio-alimentar/ |archivedate=2019-10-23 |accessdate=2020-01-26}}</ref> See ''{{slink||Precatório}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Precatório comun|Precatorio comun}}
: a type of ''{{slink||Precatório}}'' which is related  judicial decisions not considered a ''{{slink||Precatório alimentar}}'', such as expropriations and taxes. Other types of compensation can also become a {{lang|pt|Precatório comun}}.<ref name=Rodrigues-2017a /> See ''{{slink||Precatório}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Presidente do Brasil|Presidente}}    &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Presidente do Brasil]]
:President of Brazil. As of 1 Jan 2019: Jair Bolsonaro. Others: see [[List of presidents of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Presídio|presídio|presidio}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:presídio]] 
: See ''{{slink||Penitenciária}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Presunção da inocência|presunção da inocência|presuncao da inocencia}}    &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Presunção da inocência]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Presumption of innocence]]
: [[Presumption of innocence]]. A right guaranteed by the Constitution that no one will be considered guilty until a final verdict is reached. The principle holds true throughout the entire criminal procedure, and extends to appeals, if any.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=216}}

;{{Vanchor|Preventive detention}}
: See ''{{slink||Prisão preventiva}}''. Compare ''{{slink||Remand}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Previdência social|Previdencia social}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Previdência social]]
: a type of public insurance program that offers protection against various economic risks (eg loss of income due to illness, old age or unemployment), with mandatory participation. It's considered a type of social security, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. See ''{{slink||Ministério da Previdência Social}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Primeira instância|Primeira instancia}}
: The first, or lowest level of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) in the ''{{slink||Poder Judiciário}}'' (judiciary branch).  These include [[Federal judges|Federal judge#Brazil]] (Juiz federal),  
: See ''{{slink||Segunda instância}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa|princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa|princípio do contraditorio e ampla defesa}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Audi alteram partem]]
: Literally, the "principle of adversarial proceedings and full defense", known in English by the Latin phrase ''[[audi alteram partem]]'' meaning "hearing the other side". A fundamental principle of justice in most legal systems, it is the principle that no person should be judged without a fair hearing in which each party is given the opportunity to respond to the evidence against them.{{sfn|Dias|2023}}

;{{vanchor|Principio da legalidade|principio da legalidade}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Princípio da legalidade#Direito penal]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Principle of legality in criminal law#Brazil]] 
: The [[Principle of legality in criminal law|Principle of legality]] is one of the most important doctrines in criminal law. It is accepted and codified in modern democratic states as a basic requirement of the [[rule of law]]. In Brazil, it is is enshrined in the Constitution in Article 5, which states that "No one shall be compelled to do or refrain from doing anything except by law".{{sfn|Brazil Constitution}}{{efn|"{{lang|pt-BR|Ninguém será obrigado a fazer ou deixar de fazer alguma coisa senão em virtude de lei.}}" Constitution, Article 5.}}

;{{Vanchor|Prisão|Prisao}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Prisão]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:Prisão]] 
:  ''Arrest''; ''jail''; ''prison''; [[imprisonment]].{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}
: In the sense of "arrest", it comes in three forms (''modalidades'') in Brazil: ''[[#Prisão em flagrante|§&nbsp;flagrante]]'', ''[[#Prisão temporária|§&nbsp;temporária]]'' or ''[[#Prisão preventiva|§&nbsp;preventiva]]''. 
: Contrast: ''{{slink||Condução coercitiva}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Prisão domiciliar|Prisao domiciliar}}
: [[House arrest]]

;{{Vanchor|Prisão em flagrante|Prisao em flagrante}}
: see ''[[#Flagrante|§&nbsp;Flagrante]]''

;{{Vanchor|Prisão preventiva|Prisao preventiva}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Prisão preventiva]]
: ''[[:pt:Prisão preventiva]]'' roughly = [[Preventive detention]], but not exact equivalents. 
: ''Prisão preventiva'' is a pre-trial, precautionary detention defined by ''{{slink||CPP}}'' §311&ndash;316. Not to be confused with ''[[#Sentença |§&nbsp;post-trial sentencing]]''.
: The English ''preventive detention'' is broader in scope; the Portuguese one may be more like pre-trial ''{{slink||Remand}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Prisão temporária|Prisao temporaria}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Prisão temporária]]
: uma espécie de prisão cautelar, sendo instrumental para a apuração de um crime grave.
: "temporary pre-trial detention". [[:pt:Prisão_temporária#No_Brasil|In Brazil]], a 1989 law following the ''{{slink||Constitution of Brazil}}'', replacing the former ''prisão por averiguação'' (investigatory detention) which was found to be contrary to [[fundamental rights]] under the 1988 charter. Only used in certain high crimes where it might impede the investigation if the subject were not detained, and where they have no fixed address or their identity cannot be established.

;{{Vanchor|Prisão em segunda instância|Prisao em segunda instancia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt: Prisão em segunda instância no Brasil]]
: arrest after being convicted by the second degree of jurisdiction. (this type of arrest was allowed by a 2016 Supreme Federal Court decision, in 2019 the decision was overturned).

;{{Vanchor|Prison}}
: See ''{{slink||penitenciária}}''. 

;{{Vanchor|Prisões en flagrante|Prisoes en flagrante}}
: plural for ''{{slink||Prisão em flagrante}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Processo}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Processo (direito)]]
: alias: [[:pt:Processo judicial]]
: ''{{slink||Legal process}}''. See ''{{slink||Service of process}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Processo judicial}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Processo judicial]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:processo]]
: [[Legal process]].

;{{Vanchor|Procurador-Geral da República|Procurador-Geral da Republica|Procurador Geral da República|Procurador Geral da Republica}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Procurador-Geral da República (Brasil)]]
: nominated by the ''{{slink||President}}'', and responsible for the ''{{slink||Procuradoria-Geral da República}}''

;{{Vanchor|Procuradoria da república|Procuradoria-Geral da República|Procuradoria-Geral da Republica|Procuradoria Geral da República|Procuradoria Geral da Republica}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Procuradoria da república]]
: [[:pt:Procuradoria da república]] ==> [[:pt:Ministério Público Federal]]
: [[:pt:Procuradoria Geral da República]] ==> [[:pt:Ministério Público]]
: [[:pt:Procurador-Geral da República (Brasil)]] = [[en:Prosecutor General of the Republic (Brazil)]]

;{{Vanchor|Progressistas}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Progressistas]]
: or [[Partido Progressista (Brasil)]], ([[Progressive Party (Brazil)]]), is a [[center-right]] party in Brazil; the 4th largest party. 

;{{Vanchor|Propina}} &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Propina]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:Propina]]
: synonym for ''{{slink||suborno}}'' ("bribe"). Note that while ''propina'' is generally a "bribe" (Brazil only), English has a narrower term, ''kickback'', which pertains to some forms of bribery and not others. See ''{{slink||Bribe}}'', ''{{slink||Kickback}}''. See also: [[wikt:fee-splitting]].
: In other contexts: a fee; a tip (as in a restaurant).{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Prova}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Prova]]
: [[Evidence (law)]].
:   todo meio destinado a convencer o juiz, seu destinatário, a respeito da verdade de um fato levado a julgamento.

;{{Vanchor|PSB}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Socialista Brasileiro}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PSC}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Social Cristão}}''. Social Christian Party (Brazil)

;{{Vanchor|PSDB}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PSL}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Social Liberal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PT}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido dos Trabalhadores}}''.

;{{Vanchor|PTC}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Partido Trabalhista Cristão}}'' ([[Christian Labour Party]]).

<br/><small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>

=== {{Anchor|Q|QR}} Q ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|Quadrilha|quadrilha}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Quadrilha (crime)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:quadrilha]] 
: criminal gang; criminal association; criminal conspiracy
: synonyms: {{lang|pt|bando}}; ''{{slink||Associação criminosa}}''; ''{{slink||Organização criminosa}}'',  ''[[:pt:wikt:gangue|gangue]]''; (from English: ''gang'').
: see ''{{slink||Formação de quadrilha}}''

;{{Vanchor|Quadrilhão|quadrilhão|quadrilhao}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Quadrilhão (política)]]
: Quadrilhão is a neologism (in this sense) used by the Federal Police and Attorney General Rodrigo Janot, and picked up by the Brazilian press to refer to alleged criminal organizations inside the ''{{slink||PT}}'' and the ''{{slink||PMDB}}''. The suffix is an [[augmentative]] derived from ''{{slink||quadrilha}}'', so literally would mean, "big criminal gang", "large criminal conspiracy", etc.
: In other contexts: a quadrillion (1000 trillions).

;{{Vanchor|Querelante}}
: plaintiff, complainant, complaining party. See ''{{slink||Citação}}'', ''{{slink||Autor}}'', ''{{slink||Réu}}'', ''{{slink||Juiz}}''.
: In other contexts: [[:pt:wikt:querelante]]{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} {{in lang|pt}}

=== R ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Recebimento de vantagem indevida}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Recebimento de vantagem indevida]]
: literally, "receipt of unfair or unjustified advantage". The receiver, or passive partner, in ''{{slink||Vantagem indevida}}''. A form of ''[[#Passive corruption|§&nbsp;passive corruption]]''.  See ''''{{slink||Vantagem indevida}}''''.

;{{Vanchor|Receita Federal}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Receita Federal]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Department of Federal Revenue of Brazil]]
: [[Department of Federal Revenue of Brazil]].
: traditional name: [[:pt:Receita Federal do Brasil|Receita Federal do Brasil]]. A Brazilian governmental agency responsible for taxes, customs control, and combating smuggling, embezzlement, counterfeiting, and illegal traffic in drugs, weapons and animals. This would be similar to an agency roughly combining the functions of the [[IRS]] and [[ATF (USA agency)|ATF]]. Formerly part of the Finance Ministry, and since January 2019, part of the new Economic Ministry  (''{{slink||Ministério da Economia}}'') under Bolsonaro.

;{{Vanchor|Recurso|Recursos}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Recurso processual]]
: An appeal.  An instrument to request alteration of a prior court decision to a court of the same or higher ''[[#instância|§&nbsp;instance]]'', on the same case. 
: Expressions: 
:* {{lang|pt|entrar com um recurso}}: file an appeal 
:* {{lang|pt|de recurso}}: appellate
:* {{lang|pt|recursos}}: funds; e.g., {{lang|pt|desvio de recursos}}{{snd}}diversion of funds
: Other contexts: outside of law, the primary meanings of ''recurso'' are "resource", "feature", "asset".{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Relator}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Relator]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:Relator]]
: abbreviation or short form for ''{{slink||Juiz relator}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Remand}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Remand (detention)]] [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:remand]]
: Remand (also known as "pre-trial detention" or "provisional detention") is the process of detaining a person who has been arrested and charged with an offense until their trial.
: See ''{{slink||Preventive detention}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Reprovável|reprovável|reprovavel}}
:punishable, prosecutable
: In non-legal contexts: reprehensible, reproached, reproved, objectionable.

;{{Vanchor|Republicanos}}  &nbsp; &nbsp;  [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Republicanos (partido político)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Republicanos]]
: A Brazilian political party of the right founded in 2003. Formerly known as the ''Partido Republicano Brasileiro''  (PRB), and before that, as the ''Partido Municipalista Renovador'' (PMR).

;{{Vanchor|Réu|Reu|réu|reu}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:autor]]
: defendant, respondent, or accused person in a civil suit.
: See also ''{{slink||Autor}}'', ''{{slink||Citação}}''.
: Expressions: {{lang|pt|parte ré}}: defendant ("defending/responding party")

;{{Vanchor|RJ}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:RJ]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:RJ]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Rio de Janeiro State]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Rio de Janeiro]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]]. 

;{{Vanchor|RN}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:RN]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:RN]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Rio Grande do Norte]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|RO}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:RO]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:RO]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Rondônia]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Porto Velho]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|RR}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:RR]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:RR]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Roraima]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|RS}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:RS]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:RS]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Rio Grande do Sul]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Porto Alegre]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].


=== S ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|SC}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:SC]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:SC]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Santa Catarina (state)]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Florianópolis]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|SE}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:SE]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:SE]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Sergipe]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Aracaju]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Seap}}
: Abbreviation for ''{{slink||Secretaria de Estado de Administração Penitenciária}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Search warrant}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Search warrant]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:search warrant]]
: [[:pt:Mandado de busca]].

;{{Vanchor|Search and seizure warrant}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Search and seizure]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Mandado de busca e apreensão]]
: ''{{slink||Mandado de busca e apreensão}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Secretaria de Estado de Administração Penitenciária|Secretaria de Estado de Administracao Penitenciaria}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Secretaria de Estado de Administração Penitenciária (Rio de Janeiro)]]
: State Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration.  One of the secretariats of the Rio de Janeiro State Government. Created in 2003, it is the institution responsible for the penitentiary and prison system in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

;{{Vanchor|Segunda instância|segunda instancia}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Segunda instância]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Court of second instance]] 
: The middle level of the three degrees of jurisdiction ({{lang|pt|grau de jurisdição}}) in the ''{{slink||Poder judiciário}}'' (judiciary branch).  A [[court of second instance]] is analogous to an [[appeal court]] or [[appellate court]] in Anglo-Saxon jurisprudence. See ''{{slink||Primeira instância}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Sentença|Sentenca}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Sentença]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:sentença]] 
: o julgamento do litígio
: [[Sentence_(law)]]

;{{Vanchor|Sequestro|sequestro}} 
: Normally: ''kidnapping'', when it has to do with a person.  But not for other expressions, such as:
:* {{lang|pt|sequestro de imóveis}}{{snd}}seizure of real estate{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}

;{{Vanchor|Service of process}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Service of process]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:service of process]]
: A formal presentation of court documents (called "process" in English) to a defendant. See ''{{slink||Citação}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Setor de Operações Estruturais|Departamento de Operações Estruturadas}}
: Odebrecht's Structured Operations Division, which handled bribery and kickbacks.
: Synonym: {{lang|pt|Departamento de Operações Estruturadas}}<ref name="uol-2016">{{cite web |lang=pt |title=Odebrecht adquiriu banco para propina, diz delator |trans-title=Odebrecht acquired a bank for kickbacks, says informer |author=<!-- staff writers, no byline --> |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2016/06/20/odebrecht-adquiriu-banco-para-propina-diz-delator.htm |date=2016-06-20 |website=UOL |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= |quote=The Department of Structured Operations&mdash;official name of the bribery center of the company, according to Operation Car Wash.<small>''[O] Departamento de Operações Estruturadas --nome oficial da central de propinas da empreiteira, segundo a Lava Jato...''</small>}}</ref>
: see ''{{slink||Setor de propina}}''

;{{Vanchor|Setor de propina|setor de propina}}
: lit., "bribery section", or "bribery department". This is a slang term or nickname for [[Odebrecht S.A.]]'s Structured Operations Division ({{lang|pt|Setor de Operações Estruturais}}), because it was that department within the company that was responsible for managing and paying kickbacks and bribes.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |last1=Esposito |first1=Ivan Richard |last2=Pordeus León |first2=Lucas |title=Setor de propinas da Odebrecht pagou R$ 10,6 bilhões entre 2006 e 2014 |trans-title=Odebrecht's bribery department paid R$ 10.6 billion between 2006 and 2014 |url=http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2017-04/setor-de-propinas-da-odebrecht-pagou-r-106-bilhoes-entre-2006-e-2014 |date=15 April 2017 |website=Agência Brasil |publisher=EBC |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=The former director of the so-called bribery department said that any executive responsible for an Odebrecht project could request the funds to get the project going. <small>''O ex-diretor do chamado setor de propinas disse que cada executivo responsável por obras da Odebrecht podia solicitar o recurso para fazer as obras andarem.''</small>}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |author=Folha Política |title=E-mails mostram que Marcelo Odebrecht controlava o 'setor de propinas' |trans-title=E-mails show that Marcelo Odebrecht controlled the 'bribery department' |url=https://folhapolitica.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/380783849/e-mails-mostram-que-marcelo-odebrecht-controlava-o-setor-de-propinas |date=5 September 2016 |website=JusBrasil |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=E-mails seized by Operation Car Wash at the Odebrecht Group headquarters in June 2015 reinforced the evidentiary exhibits showing the participation of the outgoing president of Marcelo Bahia Odebrecht with the Structured Operations Division - a department that took care of the contractor's kickbacks and slush fund payments, in the corruption scheme discovered at Petrobras. <small>''E-mails apreendidos pela Operação Lava Jato na sede do Grupo Odebrecht, em junho de 2015, reforçaram o rol de provas da participação do presidente afastado do Marcelo Bahia Odebrecht com o Setor de Operações Estruturadas - departamento que cuidava dos pagamentos de propina e caixa 2 da empreiteira, no esquema de corrupção descoberto na Petrobrás.''</small>}}</ref><ref name="Boff-2018">{{cite book |lang=pt |last1=Oro Boff |first1=Salete |last2=Borges Fortes |first2=Vinícius |last3=Zanatta Tocchetto |first3=Gabriel |title=Propriedade intelectual e gestão da inovação: entre invenção e inovação |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6QNlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA284 |accessdate=11 February 2020 |date=16 July 2018 |publisher=Editora Deviant |location=Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul |isbn=978-85-532-4014-2 |page=284 |chapter=XIII Proteção de Dados e Práticas de Corrupção: Uma Analise do Sistema de ERP no Caso de Odebrecht [Data Protection and the Practice of Corruption: a Systems Analysis of ERP in the Odebrecht Case] |quote=Only the employees of the Structured Operations Division, also called the Bribery Division by the media, ...<small>''Apenas os funcionários do Setor de Operações Estruturais, também chamado de Setor de Propinas, pela mídia, ...''</small>}}</ref><ref name="uol-2016" /> 
: There isn't sufficient usage in English sources to have settled on one term for it, but "bribery department" is present in a BBC report.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pressly |first1=Linda |title='The largest foreign bribery case in history' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-43825294 |date=22 April 2018 |website=BBC News |publisher= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate=2019-02-11 |quote=The company's bribery department, known by the rather prosaic name of Division of Structured Operations, managed its own shadow budget.}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|Sistema acusatório|sistema acusatório|sistema acusatorio}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Sistema acusatório]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Adversarial system]]  
: The accusatorial or [[adversarial system]] is one of the three systems of criminal procedure. In the accusatory system, there is a clear separation between those carrying out the prosecution, the defense, and judgment. Because the prosecution has the initiative in launching proceedings, the defense has the right to be heard last. Provision of evidence is the responsibility of both parties.{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT31}}{{sfn|da Cruz Paulino|2023|p=310–311}} The functions of prosecution, defense, and judgment are carried out by different individuals. The principle of adversarial proceedings and full defense (''{{slink||princípio do contraditório e ampla defesa}}{{hairspace}}), going back to the [[Magna Carta]] is very important in this system, and is grounded in Article 5, section LV of the Constitution.{{sfn|Dias|2023}}{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT30}} Contrast ''{{slink||sistema inquisitório}}'', ''{{slink||sistema misto}}''. 
: The adversarial system is the one used in Brazil. There is some contention about this point, with some claiming Brazil has a hybrid system (''{{slink||sistema misto}}'').{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT31}} 

;{{Vanchor|Sistema inquisitório|sistema inquisitório|sistema inquisitorio}}
: Inquisitorial system; one of the three systems of criminal procedure. Prosecution, defense, and judgment are carried out by the same person.{{sfn|Dias|2023}}{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT30}}{{sfn|da Cruz Paulino|2023|p=309–310}}

;{{Vanchor|Sistema misto|sistema misto}}
: Hybrid system. A legal system of criminal procedure consisting of elements of both the adversarial (''{{slink||sistema acusatório}}'') and the inquisitorial systems (''{{slink||sistema inquisitório}}''). In this system, there is one judge in the pre-trial investigation phase, and another during the trial phase. Even when considered a pure, adversarial system, there are some specific cases where the judge can provide evidence, or call witnesses (the ''{{slink||testemunhas do juizo}}'').{{sfn|Dias|2023}}{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=PT30–PT31}}{{sfn|da Cruz Paulino|2023|p=311}}
: Synonyms: {{lang|pt-BR|sistema francesa}}, {{lang|pt-BR|Inquisitivo Mitigado}}, and {{lang|pt-BR|Garantista}}.{{sfn|da Cruz Paulino|2023|p=311}}

;{{Vanchor|Sítio de Atibaia|sítio de Atibaia|Sitio de Atibaia|sitio de Atibaia}}  
: lit., "the Atibaia site".  known in English as the "Atibaia case" or "Atibaia site", and other terms. The property is known as the "ranch", the "house", the "farmhouse", the "case", the "site case", etc.
: in Portuguese, sometimes "sítio Santa Bárbara". "O sítio de Atibaia" is the name given by the press to a property in [[Atibaia]], a town in the interior of São Paulo state, which was central to the second condemnation of President Lula in Operation Car Wash, which increased his sentence from 13 to 17 years.  The formal owner of the property was Fernando Bittar, ex-colleague of Fábio Luís Lula da Silva, or "Lulinha", son of Lula. It was seized by the judge as part of Lula's sentence.<ref name=Campos-2019>{{cite web |lang=pt |last1=de Campos |first1=João Pedroso |title=Lava Jato concorda com venda do sítio de Atibaia, ligado a Lula |trans-title=Car Wash agrees to sell Atibaia site, linked to Lula |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/lava-jato-concorda-com-venda-do-sitio-de-atibaia-ligado-a-lula/ |website=Veja |publisher= |date=27 May 2019 |accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=en |author=<!--staff writers, no byline--> |title=Appellate court increases Lula's prison sentence in Atibaia case to 17 years |url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/wiseup-news/appellate-court-increases-lulas-prison-sentence-in-atibaia-case-to-17-years/ |date=November 28, 2019 |website=Wise Up News |publisher=Gazeta do Povo |accessdate=2020-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |language=pt |last1=Kadanus |first1=Kelli |title=Lula é condenado a mais 12 anos e 11 meses por sítio em Atibaia |trans-title=Lula is sentenced to another 12 years and 11 months per site in Atibaia |url=https://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/politica/republica/lula-e-condenado-a-mais-12-anos-e-11-meses-por-sitio-em-atibaia-87ozc5p5cbrclzlbpi9gyxf11/ |date=November 28, 2019 |website=Wise Up News |publisher=Gazeta do Povo |accessdate=2020-02-10}}</ref>

;{{Vanchor|SP}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:SP]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:SP]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[São Paulo]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[São Paulo (state)]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|STF}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:STF]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:STF]]
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Supremo Tribunal Federal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|STJ}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:STJ]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:STJ]]
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Superior Tribunal de Justiça}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Suborno|suborno}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Suborno]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:suborno]]
: ''{{slink||Bribery}}''. 
: A type of corruption (''{{slink||Corrupcao}}'') in which an offer, payment or promise is made to a public official in exchange for economic or other favors that benefit the corruptor.
: In Brazil, the term ''{{slink||Propina}}'' is used as a synonym.  ''Corrupção'' is sometimes also used as a synonym, although it is broader; other terms seen include: ''aliciamento'', ''compra'', ''bola'', ''peita'',  ''feita''.

;{{Vanchor|Subpoena}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Subpoena]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:subpoena]]
: ''{{slink||intimação}}''
: (no pt equiv) 

;{{Vanchor|Summary offence}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Summary offence]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:summary offence]]
: a crime in some common law jurisdictions that can be proceeded against summarily, without the right to a jury trial and/or indictment

;{{Vanchor|Summons}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Summons]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktfavicon en.svg|24px|link=wikt:summons]]
: [[:pt:Intimação]]
: see also: "serve" a summons, or other writ

;{{Vanchor|Superior Tribunal de Justiça|Superior Tribunal de Justica}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Superior Tribunal de Justiça]]
: [[Superior Court of Justice (Brazil)]], also known as the STJ. The highest appellate court in Brazil for non-constitutional questions of federal law.  Justices in STJ (as in other Superior Courts) are called "ministers" not "justices"; not to be confused however with ministers from the executive branch.

;{{Vanchor|Superfaturamento|superfaturamento}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Superfaturamento]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:superfaturamento]]
: Invoice-padding. Can be a form of fraud involving kickback payments. 

;{{Vanchor|Supremo Tribunal Federal}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Supremo Tribunal Federal]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Supreme Federal Court]] 
: the [[Supreme Federal Court]]; the highest Court in Brazil.  Abbreviated ''{{slink||STF}}'' in Portuguese.

;{{Vanchor|Suspeição}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Suspeição (direito)]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:suspeição]]
: lit., "suspicion". The situation in which a public official (especially a magistrate) has a "subjective relationship" (i.e. friendship, grievances, debt etc.) with any of the parties, and thus must abstain from taking part in the trial in order to preserve impartiality. See ''{{slink||Código de Processo Penal}}'' Article 254 and ''{{slink||Código de Processo Civil}}'' Article 145.

=== T ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


<br/>
;{{Vanchor|TCE}}
: an abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunal de Contas do Estado}}''.

;{{Vanchor|TCE-RJ}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:TCE-RJ]]
: an abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro}}''

;{{Vanchor|TCU}}
: an abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunal de Contas da União}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Teoria causalista|teoria causalista}}
: A legal theory of criminal law by Franz Von Liszt that...
(also called (natural, classic, causal, or mechanistic) consists of an action of commission or omission that modifies something in the outside world.{{sfn|Ribeiro da Silva|2004|p=95}}

;{{Vanchor|Teoria do Assentimento|Teoria do assentimento|teoria do assentimento|Teoria do consentimento|Teoria da anuência}}
: Theory of Consent (also: Assumption of risk theory) – one of the {{slink||theories of fault}} ({{lang|pt|teorias de dolo}}); it says that there is conscious fault ''{{slink||dolo eventual}}'' when a person foresees a result as possible, but accepts the risk and continues along that path anyway.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=210}}{{sfn|Gomes|2022}}

;{{Vanchor|Teoria da Representação|Teoria da representação|teoria da representação}}
: The Theory of representation – one of the {{slink||theories of fault}} ({{lang|pt|teorias de dolo}}); it says that recognition of intent depends only on the foreseeability of the result. It leaves out the volitional aspect, thus is indifferennt to whether the perpetrator wished for the result or took the risk of producing it. It is enough that the result was foreseen by the agent. Because it does not distinguish between intent and conscious guilt, this theory was not accepted or included in article 18 of the {{slink||Penal Code}} as a basis for what is considered to be intentional (''{{slink||doloso}}'') or negligent crime (''{{slink||crime culposo}}'').{{sfn|Masson|2017|loc=[https://enciclopediajuridica.pucsp.br/verbete/423/edicao-1/dolo dolo]}}{{sfn|Gomes|2022}}

;{{Vanchor|Teorias de conduta|teorias de conduta|Teoria de conduta|teoria de conduta|Theory of conduct}}
: The conceptualization of ''{{slink||crime}}'' varies depending on the theory one employs relating to one of the elements of fato típico, namely, conduct. Regardless what type of crime it is, it can only be exteriorized in the natural world through action. the theory of conduct or action. In criminal law, there are three main theories: ''{{slink||Teoria Naturalista}}'' (natural, or classic theory, causal, or mechanistic), ''{{slink||Teoria Finalista}}'', and ''{{slink||Teoria Social}}''.{{sfn|Ribeiro da Silva|2004|p=95}}

;{{Vanchor|Teorias de dolo|teorias de dolo|Theories of fault|theories of fault}}
: Theories of fault (''{{slink||dolo}}''). These have to do with the subjective element of the intent of the accused, and how they relate to Brazilian law. These concepts are fundamental principles that pertain to the mental state or intent of the perpetrator in committing a criminal offense. These theories include: the Theory of Will (''{{slink||Teoria da Vontade}}''), the Theory of Consent (''{{slink||Teoria do assentimento}}''), both of which are reflected in the {{slink||Penal Code}} Article 18.1,{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=209–210}} and the Theory of Representation (''{{slink||Teoria da Representação}}'') which is not part of the code.{{sfn|Gomes|2022}}

;{{Vanchor|Teoria da Vontade|Teoria da vontade|teoria da vontade}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Direito subjetivo#Teorias]]
: The "theory of will", also known as the subjective theory of culpability, focuses on the mental state or subjective intentions of the individual at the time of committing the crime. According to this theory, criminal liability is based on the individual's willful decision to engage in prohibited conduct or to bring about a prohibited result. In other words, the perpetrator must have acted with intent or knowledge of their actions, as well as awareness of the unlawfulness of those actions, to be held criminally responsible.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=209}}{{sfn|Gomes|2022}}

;{{Vanchor|Teoria finalista|teoria finalista|Teoria finalista da ação|Finalist theory of action|Finalist theory}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Teoria finalista da ação]]
: In criminal law, a theory of human conduct by German legal philosopher {{ill|Hans Welzel|pt|v=sup}} that is an analytical understanding of human actions as directed toward some purpose, desired goal or end.{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976}}{{sfn|de Moraes Toledo|2023}} This removes ''{{slink||dolo}}'' (intent) and ''{{slink||culpa}}'' (guilt) from ''{{slink||culpabilidade}}'' (culpability) and brings them into ''{{slink||tipicidade}}'', contrary to the ''{{slink||Causalist theory}}''.{{sfn|de Moraes Toledo|2023}}  In German: ''[[:de:Handlungslehre (Strafrecht)#Finale Handlungslehre|Finale Handlungslehre]]''. Contrast: ''{{slink||Teoria causalista}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Terceira instância|Terceira instancia}}
: literally, "third instance" (see ''{{slink||Instância}}''). There is no third instance of the ''[[#Poder Judiciário|§&nbsp;judiciary branch]]'' defined in the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''. However, the ''[[#Tribunal Superior|§&nbsp;Superior Tribunals]]'' are sometimes known informally as the "third instance", because decisions taken by tribunals of the ''[[#First instance|§&nbsp;first]]'' and ''[[#Second instance|§&nbsp;second instance]]''s can be reviewed by ''[[#Instância superior|§&nbsp;superior courts]]''. See also ''{{slink||Instância extraordinária}}''. 

;{{Vanchor|Testemunha}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Testemunha]]
: a [[witness]]

;{{Vanchor|Testimonio}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Testimonio]]
: [[testimony]].

;{{Vanchor|Tipicidade penal|tipicidade penal|Tipicidade|tipicidade}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tipicidade]]
: a fundamental principle that states that an act is only considered a crime if it fits the ''{{slink||tipo penal}}'' (specific description) outlined in the law.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=209}} In other words, for an action to be deemed criminal, it must be described as such by the law (the penal code or specific statutes) and meet all the elements required for that offense. Contrast with ''{{slink||tipificação}}''.{{efn|name="tipicidade and tipificação"}}

;{{Vanchor|Tipificação|tipificação|tipificacao}}
: an action of the legislator [to describe a crime in the code]; criminal acts are individually defined and the corresponding penalty is set, as well as any options for mitigating or aggravating factors with altered penalties.{{sfn|Polastri Lima|1988|p=65}} Contrast with ''{{slink||tipicidade}}''.{{efn|name="tipicidade and tipificação"}}

;{{vanchor|Tipificar|tipificar|Tipificado|tipificado}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}
: codify; to define, describe, or classify something as an offense (in Brazil, by including it in the {{slink||Penal Code}}{{sfn|Fachini|2023|loc=[https://www.projuris.com.br/blog/dolo/#Dolo_especifico Dolo específico]}}; related to [[nullum crimen sine lege]].
: '''tipificado''' (derived form; past participle) – codified; referring to a description of conduct meeting the requirements of a crime.

;{{vanchor|Tipo|tipo}} 
: short for ''{{slink||tipo penal}}''. 

;{{Vanchor|Tipo penal|tipo penal}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tipo penal]]
: an abstract, precise description of an act or omission as constituting an offense subject to sanctions.{{sfn|Altieri|2011|p=209}} The obligation of a State to ''{{slink||tipificar}}'' illicit acts derives from the {{slink||principio da legalidade}} (principle of legality) and is one of the fundamental obligations of a ''{{slink||Estado de direito}}'' ([[Rechtsstaat|State of law]]). Each crime in Brazilian criminal law is defined by its own {{lang|pt|tipo penal}}, which outlines the elements or criteria that must be met for the conduct to be considered criminal. The ''{{lang|pt|tipo penal}}'' includes various elements such as the actions (actus reus) and mental state (mens rea) required for the offense, as well as any specific circumstances or conditions that may enhance or aggravate the offense. It sets forth the parameters that distinguish one offense from another and provides the basis for determining criminal liability.
: an item in the legal code; a rule (''{{slink||norma}}'') which describes an archetype or pattern of prohibited conduct in the abstract{{sfn|Mendez|2010}}{{efn|name="Mendez tipo"}}

;{{Vanchor|TJ}}
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunal de Justiça}}''.

;{{Vanchor|TO}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:TO]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:TO]]
: standard two-letter abbreviation for [[Tocantins]], one of the 27 {{slink||Federative units}} of Brazil. Capital: [[Palmas, Tocantins|Palmas]]. See also: [[States of Brazil]].

;{{Vanchor|Trading Company}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Trading company]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Trading company]]
:  under Brazilian law, a company that specializes in import-export activities and acts as an intermediary between buyers and vendors in different countries.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |last1=Bueno |first1=Sinara |title=Trading Company e Comercial Exportadora: quais as diferenças? |trans-title=Trading Company and Commercial Exporter: what are the Differences? |url=https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/trading-company-e-comercial-exportadora-quais-as-diferencas/ |date=1 November 2019 |website=Fazcomex |publisher= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214235350/https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/trading-company-e-comercial-exportadora-quais-as-diferencas/ |archivedate=14 February 2020 |accessdate=14 February 2020 |quote=One can define the function of a Trading Company as acting as an intermediary between buyers and sellers who are in different countries, always seeking to optimize procedural efficiency. <small>''Em resumo, pode se definir a função da Trading Company como um intermediário entre compradores e vendedores que se encontram em países diferentes, buscando sempre pela agilidade do processo.''</small>}}</ref>   The Brazilian term is a loanword from English.  A Brazilian ''[[:pt:Trading company|Trading company]]'' operates under Brazilian law and is not quite the same as a "[[Trading company]]" in common law countries.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!--staff writers; no byline--> |title=What is Trading company? Definition and meaning |url=https://www.globalnegotiator.com/international-trade/dictionary/trading-company/ |date=2014-11-20 |website=Dictionary of International Trade |publisher=Global Negotiator |archiveurl= |archivedate= |accessdate= }}</ref> There are two broad groups of commercial exportation companies in Brazil: those that are in possession of a {{lang|pt|Certificado de Registro Especial}} are  {{lang|pt|Trading companies}} and regulated under the law (<span class="plainlinks">[https://presrepublica.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/109217/decreto-lei-1248-72 1248/72]</span>); those that don't, are under the civil code (<span class="plainlinks">[https://presrepublica.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/91577/codigo-civil-lei-10406-02 10.406-02]</span>).

;{{Vanchor|Tráfico de influência|Trafico de influencia}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tráfico de influência]]
: Influence peddling.

;{{Vanchor|TRF}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:TRF]]  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt:TRF]]
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunais Regionais Federais}}'' (plural; or singular: {{lang|pt|Tribunal Regional Federal}}).

;{{Vanchor|TRF-4}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:TRF-4]] 
: abbreviation for ''{{slink||Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal de Contas do Estado}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal de Contas do Estado]]
: State Court of Auditors. Independent, technical organizations linked to the legislature, and present in each state and at the Federal level. They are charged with auditing public accounts in the name of the people.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro}}    &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro]]
: The {{ill|Rio de Janeiro State Court of Auditors|pt|Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro|vertical-align=sup}}.  Contrast: ''{{slink||Tribunal de Contas da União}}'' at the Federal level. Abbr: ''{{slink||TCE-RJ}}''.
: Other expressions seen in English: Rio de Janeiro State Audit Court, Rio state's court of auditors.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal de Contas da União|Tribunal de Contas da Uniao}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal de Contas da União]]
: [[Federal Court of Auditors]]; the Brazilian federal accountability office. It is an arm of the Legislative Branch of the Brazilian government, to assist [[Congress of Brazil|Congress]] in its [[Constitution of Brazil|constitutional]] office of providing an external audit over the Executive Branch.  Known by its initials, the '''TCU'''.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal de Justiça|Tribunal de Justica}}   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal de Justiça]]
: abbreviation: '''TJ'''.
: the highest court of a state judicial system is its court of ''[[#Segunda instância|§&nbsp;second instance]]'', the Tribunal de Justiça (Court of Justice). Each Brazilian State has one Court of Justice. They are courts of appeal, meaning they can review any decisions taken by the trial courts (''{{slink||Primeira instância}}''), and have the final word on decisions at state law level.  (In this respect, a TJ is similar to a [[State supreme court]] in the United States.) There are 180 judges, modifiable if the load is too great. Judges of the ''Tribunal de Justiça'' are called ''{{slink||Desembargador}}''es. Decisions of the ''Tribunal de Justiça'' can be reviewed by the ''{{slink||Supremo Tribunal Federal}}''.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal judicial}}
: courthouse; court of law.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal Regional Federal|Tribunais Regionais Federais}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal Regional Federal]]   &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Federal Regional Court]]
{{Wikisourcelang|pt|Constituição de 1988 da República Federativa do Brasil/Título IV/III|Title IV of the Brazilian Constitution}}
: There are five regional federal courts, each covering several Brazilian states. They are established by articles 107 and 108 of the ''{{slink||Constitution}}''. Together with ''{{slink||Federal judges}}'', the five TRFs make up the ''{{slink||Justiça Federal}}'' (Federal Courts), which is part of the ''{{slink||Poder Judiciário}}''. Each TRF has seven (or more) judges of the ''[[#Segunda instancia|§&nbsp;second instance]]'' named by the ''{{slink||President}}'', who hold court around the region of their jurisdiction, using local facilities. 
: See for example, ''{{slink||TRF-4}}''.
: abbreviation: TRF.

;{{Vanchor|Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região|Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a Regiao}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região]]
: The Federal Regional Court of Region 4 is one of the five Federal District Courts (''{{slink||Tribunais Regionais Federais}}''). It is a court of second instance (''{{slink||Segunda instância}}'') that has jurisdiction over the three states of [[Paraná (state)|Paraná]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] and [[Rio Grande do Sul]], and is headquartered in [[Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul]]. It was inaugurated in 1989, and has 27 judges (''{{slink||Desembargadores}}'').

;{{Vanchor|Typical fact|typical fact|Typical act|typical act}}{{efn|name=MTFAIL}} {{Xmark}}
: If you see the expression "typical fact" (or "typical act")  in the English press in an article related to Brazilian criminal law, it is an error and means they are either relying on [[WP:MT|machine translation]], or translating word for word without understanding the original.  Do not use this phrase in English as a translation of ''{{slink||Fato típico}}'', which means something completely different. See ''{{slink||Fato típico}}''.

=== U ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|União|Uniao}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:União (Brasil)]]
: literally "union" (or "unity"), this term is used as a synonym of the ''{{slink||Governo federal do Brasil}}'' (Federal government of Brazil). This is the ''[[#Poder Executivo|§&nbsp;executive branch]]'' of government in Brazil.
: in compounds, "union": e.g., ''União Europeia'' (European Union).

;{{Vanchor|Unidades federativas}}  &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Unidades federativas do Brasil]]
: literally, "Federated units" or "Federative units". Brazil is a [[federation]] (official name: [[Federative Republic of Brazil]]) containing several subnational units, such as regions, states, municipalities, and the ''[[#Distrito federal|§&nbsp;Federal District]]'' (capital), Brasilia. By one account ([[:pt:Subdivisões_do_Brasil]]), the federative units are 27: the 26 [[states of Brazil]], plus the ''{{slink||Federal District}}''. By another account ([[:pt:Unidades federativas do Brasil]]), the federative units consist of the Union, the 27 above, plus the [[Municipalities_of_Brazil|municipalities]]. 
: Synonym: ''unidades da federação''.

=== V ===
<br/>

;{{Vanchor|Vantagem indevida|vantagem indevida|Vantagem ilícita|vantagem ilícita}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Recebimento de vantagem indevida]]
: illicit funds (a free translation, usable in most cases).
: ''{{slink||Recebimento de vantagem indevida}}'': literally, "undue advantage" (or "illicit", "improper", "unfair", "unjustifiable", etc.) advantage (or "benefit", "profit", "gain", etc.) A form of corruption, either active (''[[#Corrupção ativa|§&nbsp;corrupção ativa]]'') or passive (''[[#Corrupção passiva|§&nbsp;corrupção passiva]]'') involving payment or receipt of improper advantage (economic or otherwise) or the promise of it, from someone in public office, or before or after their term of office if related to their function while in office. The term comes up in several places in the ''{{slink||CPP}}'', including article 217 (regarding ''{{slink||Corrupção passiva}}''), article 316 (''{{slink||Concussão}}''), article 333 (''{{slink||Corrupção ativa}}''), and others.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |first=Evinis |last=Talon |title=A corrupção no Código Penal |trans-title=Corruption in the Penal Code |date=22 Nov 2016 |publisher= |url=https://evinistalon.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/407272570/a-corrupcao-no-codigo-penal |website=Jusbrasil |accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dezem-2020">{{cite book| last1=Madeira Dezem |first1=Guilherme |last2=Junqueira |first2=Gustavo Octaviano Diniz |last3=Junqueira |first3=Patrícia |first4=Paulo Henrique |last4=Aranda Fuller |title=Prática Jurídica - Penal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT417|accessdate=30 January 2020|date=8 January 2020|publisher=Saraiva Educação S.A.|isbn=978-85-536-1610-7|page=417}}</ref>
: '''Usage note:''' Since there isn't an exact equivalent in common law, and the noun phrase can be awkward in certain contexts, rewording it as an adverbial phrase might work better in some cases: "X illicitly profited from", "...earned illegal gains from", and so on; perhaps followed by an explanatory note quoting {{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}} and explaining its use in the given context.

{{cot |bg=cornsilk |width=92% |title=Sample wikicode for using {{lang|pt|Vantagem indevida}} in an article, along with an [[Template:Efn|explanatory footnote]]}}
{{Green|'''First occurrence:''' The following suggested wikicode:}}

<small><code><nowiki>...investigated payments of "undue advantage" ({{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}}{{efn |name="v-indev" |'''{{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}}'''{{snd}} literally, "undue advantage". This is the thing of value offered to someone that is at the core of any form of corruption, whether "active" ({{lang|pt|corrupção ativa}}) or "passive corruption" ({{lang|pt|corrupção passiva}}) involving payment or receipt of some benefit (whether economic or otherwise) or the promise of it, to or from someone in public office, during their term, or outside their term of office if related to their function while in office.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |first=Evinis |last=Talon |title=A corrupção no Código Penal |trans-title=Corruption in the Penal Code |date=22 Nov 2016 |publisher= |url=https://evinistalon.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/407272570/a-corrupcao-no-codigo-penal |website=Jusbrasil |accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dezem-2020">{{cite book| last1=Madeira Dezem |first1=Guilherme |last2=Junqueira |first2=Gustavo Octaviano Diniz |last3=Junqueira |first3=Patrícia |first4=Paulo Henrique |last4=Aranda Fuller |title=Prática Jurídica - Penal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT417|accessdate=30 January 2020|date=8 January 2020|publisher=Saraiva Educação S.A.|isbn=978-85-536-1610-7|page=417}}</ref>
''[[:pt:vantagem indevida|Vantagem indevida]]'' comes up several times in the [[Brazilian Penal Code]] in articles defining different types of corruption, including {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Corrupção passiva|Corrupção passiva]]}} (article §217), {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Concussão (crime)|Concussão]]}} (§316), {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Corrupção ativa|Corrupção ativa]]}} (§333), and others.}}) by a business group to politicians.</nowiki></code></small>

{{Green|'''Generates:'''}}

...investigated payments of "undue advantage" ({{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}}{{Efn |name="v-indev" |'''{{lang|pt|vantagem indevida}}'''{{snd}} literally, "undue advantage". This is the thing of value offered to someone that is at the core of any form of corruption, whether "active" ({{lang|pt|corrupção ativa}}) or "passive corruption" ({{lang|pt|corrupção passiva}}) involving payment or receipt of some benefit (whether economic or otherwise) or the promise of it, to or from someone in public office, during their term, or outside their term of office if related to their function while in office.<ref>{{cite web |lang=pt |first=Evinis |last=Talon |title=A corrupção no Código Penal |trans-title=Corruption in the Penal Code |date=22 Nov 2016 |publisher= |url=https://evinistalon.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/407272570/a-corrupcao-no-codigo-penal |website=Jusbrasil |accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dezem-2020">{{cite book| last1=Madeira Dezem |first1=Guilherme |last2=Junqueira |first2=Gustavo Octaviano Diniz |last3=Junqueira |first3=Patrícia |first4=Paulo Henrique |last4=Aranda Fuller |title=Prática Jurídica - Penal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u7fEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT417|accessdate=30 January 2020|date=8 January 2020|publisher=Saraiva Educação S.A.|isbn=978-85-536-1610-7|page=417}}</ref>
''[[:pt:vantagem indevida|Vantagem indevida]]'' comes up several times in the [[Brazilian Penal Code]] in articles defining different types of corruption, including {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Corrupção passiva|Corrupção passiva]]}} (article §217), {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Concussão (crime)|Concussão]]}} (§316), {{lang|pt|[[:pt:Corrupção ativa|Corrupção ativa]]}} (§333), and others.}}) by a business group to politicians.

{{Green|'''Subsequent occurrences:''' For second and subsequent occurrences, code it this way:}}

<small><code><nowiki>...payments of "undue advantage"{{efn|name="v-indev"}} by a group...</nowiki></code></small>

{{cob}}<br />

;{{Vanchor|Vara}}  &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Vara (direito)]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Wiktionary small.svg|24px|link=:pt:wikt::vara]]
: In law, it corresponds to a court or judicial district. In Brazil, the authority is inverted,  as it is not the ''varas'' or judicial districts that are the organs of the Judiciary, but the judges themselves. In this case, the ''varas'' represent the defined area of action of each judge; so ''vara'' is the jurisdiction of a judge.  Often seen with a preceding ordinal, in which case it can be translated as "court" (''a sentença inicial, dada pela 1ª Vara Cível da Comarca de Assu'' : "the initial sentence given by the 1st Civil Court of Assu"), or can be translated as "District" (especially in conjunction with  ''comarca''): (''decisão proferida pela 3ª Vara Cível da Comarca de Londrina'' : "decision issued by the Third District Court of Londrina".)
: for {{lang|pt|Vara federal}} several expressions may be seen; for example, for {{lang|pt|a 23ª Vara federal de Curitiba}}, one can see ''Federal Court'', ''Federal District Court'',<ref>https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/317199/um-guia-para-advogados-brasileiros-o-pedido-de-discovery-nos-termos-da-secao-1782</ref> ''Federal Circuit Court''; for {{lang|pt|13.ª Vara Criminal Federal de Curitiba}} one sees ''13th Federal Court of Curitiba'', ''13th Federal Criminal Court of Curitiba'', and so on.  However, ''Federal District Court'' is more often used to indicate one of the TRF courts (''{{slink||Tribunal Regional Federal}}''),<ref>https://www.docketbird.com/court-documents/In-RE-Petrobras-Securities-Litigation/Exhibit-89/nysd-1:2014-cv-09662-00688-067</ref> so to avoid ambiguity with the TRF this term should perhaps be avoided to translate {{lang|pt|Vara}}, and use just ''Federal Court'' for courts of the ''{{slink||First instance}}''.
: Synonyms: ''[[:pt:wikt:juízo]]'', ''[[:pt:wikt:julgado]]'', ou ''juizado''.
: Expressions: ''conduzido debaixo de vara''{{snd}} meaning, conducted under court order (listed at ''[[:pt:wikt:vara]]'').
: In non-legal contexts: "rod", "pole", or "bar".  

;{{Vanchor|Voto proporcional}} &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|32px|link=:pt:Voto proporcional no Brasil]] &nbsp; &nbsp; [[File:Icons8 flat wikipedia.svg|32px|link=Proportional voting]]
: lit. "[[Proportional voting]]". This is a [[proportional representation]] election system in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If 55% of the electorate support a particular political party as their favorite, then roughly 55% of seats will be won by that party.


=== {{Anchor|W|WXYZ}}W ===
<small>{{/Compact ToC}}</small>


;{{Vanchor|Warrant}}
: : [[:pt:Mandado]].  As in [[warrant (law)]]
: see also: ''{{slink||search warrant}}''

== See also ==
{{Portal|Brazil}}
{{wikisource|Constituição do Brasil de 1988 (2015)/II/I|Constitution Art. 5<br/><small><small>(in Portuguese)</small></small>}}
* [[Glossary of Brazil investigative terms]]
* [[Glossary of French criminal law]]
* [[Offshoots of Operation Car Wash]]
* [[Phases of Operation Car Wash]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Brazil/Government and Laws of Brazil task force|WP:BRAZIL/Government and Laws of Brazil task force]]
* [[:pt:Categoria:Crimes]]{{snd}}"Crime" category on pt-wiki
* [[:pt:Categoria:Direito penal]]{{snd}}Criminal law
* [[:pt:Categoria:Governo do Brasil]]{{snd}}Government of Brazil
* [[:pt:Categoria:Operação Lava Jato]]{{snd}}Operation Car Wash
* [[:pt:Categoria:Política do Brasil]]{{snd}}Politics of Brazil

{{cot |bg=cornsilk |width=95% |title=45 crime article links from [[:pt:Crime]]}}
{{div col|colwidth=14em}}
* [[:pt:Crime acessório|Crime acessório]]
* [[:pt:Crime à distância|Crime à distância]]
* [[:pt:Crime ambiental|Crime ambiental]]
* [[:pt:Crime autônomo|Crime autônomo]]
* [[:pt:Crime comissivo|Crime comissivo]]
* [[:pt:Crime complexo|Crime complexo]]
* [[:pt:Crime comum|Crime comum]]
* [[:pt:Crime consumado|Crime consumado]]
* [[:pt:Crime continuado|Crime continuado]]
* [[:pt:Crime contra a humanidade|Crime contra a humanidade]]
* [[:pt:Crime culposo|Crime culposo]]
* [[:pt:Crime de dano|Crime de dano]]
* [[:pt:Crime de fato permanente|Crime de fato permanente]]
* [[:pt:Crime de guerra|Crime de guerra]]
* [[:pt:Crime de lesa-majestade|Crime de lesa-majestade]]
* [[:pt:Crime de mão própria|Crime de mão própria]]
* [[:pt:Crime de responsabilidade|Crime de responsabilidade]]
* [[:pt:Crime doloso|Crime doloso]]
* [[:pt:Crime eleitoral|Crime eleitoral]]
* [[:pt:Crime formal|Crime formal]]
* [[:pt:Crime funcional|Crime funcional]]
* [[:pt:Crime habitual|Crime habitual]]
* [[:pt:Crime hediondo|Crime hediondo]]
* [[:pt:Crime impossível|Crime impossível]]
* [[:pt:Crime instantâneo|Crime instantâneo]]
* [[:pt:Crime material|Crime material]]
* [[:pt:Crime organizado|Crime organizado]]
* [[:pt:Crime passional|Crime passional]]
* [[:pt:Crime perfeito|Crime perfeito]]
* [[:pt:Crime permanente|Crime permanente]]
* [[:pt:Crime plurissubsistente|Crime plurissubsistente]]
* [[:pt:Crime político|Crime político]]
* [[:pt:Crime preterdoloso|Crime preterdoloso]]
* [[:pt:Crime preterintencional|Crime preterintencional]]
* [[:pt:Crime próprio|Crime próprio]]
* [[:pt:Crime provocado|Crime provocado]]
* [[:pt:Crime putativo|Crime putativo]]
* [[:pt:Crime qualificado|Crime qualificado]]
* [[:pt:Crime sexual|Crime sexual]]
* [[:pt:Crime simples|Crime simples]]
* [[:pt:Crime tentado|Crime tentado]]
* [[:pt:Crime unissubsistente|Crime unissubsistente]]
* [[:pt:Crime vago|Crime vago]]
* [[:pt:Criminoso|Criminoso]]
* [[:pt:Delinquência|Delinquência]]
{{div col end}}
{{cob}}


'''Templates:''' 
* [[:pt:Predefinição:Corrupção]]{{snd}}Template:Corruption {{in lang|pt}}

'''Portals:'''
* import Portals from pt:Portal3|Polícia|Sociedade|Direito

== References ==
;Notes
{{Notelist|refs=
<!-- Add list of explanatory notes here, alphabetized by ref name. -->

{{efn|name="Magalhães Noronha quote"|"an action is unlawful (''{{slink||antijurídica}}'') when it is contrary to the law (''{{slink||direito}}''). Unlawfuless (''{{slink||antijuricidade}}'') expresses a relation of opposition between action (''{{slink||fato}}'') and law. It amounts to a judgment, an assessment of human behavior; criminal law (''{{slink||direito penal}}'') is nothing more than a complex of rules that protect and safeguard ethical and social values. A criminal offense (''{{slink||delito}}'') is therefore the violation of one of these norms." Edgard Magalhães Noronha in ''Direito Penal'',{{sfn|Magalhães Noronha|1974|p=95}} quoted by ''{{slink||STF}}'' assessor I. Weinart Abreu.{{sfn|Weinert Abreu|1976|p=184}}}}

{{efn|name="Mendez tipo"|'''Tipo:''' "''&apos;Tipo&apos;, como a própria denominação nos está a induzir, é o modelo, o padrão de conduta que o Estado, por meio de seu único instrumento, a lei, visa impedir que seja praticada, ou determina que seja levada a efeito por todos nós. A palavra tipo, na lição de Cirilo de Vargas, 'constitui uma tradução livre do vocábulo [[:de:Tatbestand|''Tatbestand'']], empregada no texto do art. 59 do Código Penal alemão de 1871, e provinha da expressão latina corpus delicti. O tipo, portanto, é a descrição precisa do comportamento humano, feita pela lei penal.{{'"}}'' ({{sfnlink|Mendez|2010|loc=TIPO PENAL}}){{br}}
"''Tipo'', as the name itself suggests, is the model, the pattern of conduct that the State, through its only instrument, the law, aims to prevent from being practiced, or determines that it be carried out by all of us. The word ''tipo'', in the words of Cirilo de Vargas, 'is a free translation of the word [[:de:Tatbestand|''Tatbestand'']], used in the text of art. 59 of the German Penal Code of 1871 ([[:en:Strafgesetzbuch]], [[:de:Reichsstrafgesetzbuch]], [[:de:s:Strafgesetzbuch für das Deutsche Reich (1871)#§._59.]], and came from the Latin expression corpus delicti. The ''tipo'', therefore, is the precise description of human behavior, as made by the law.{{'"}}}}

{{efn|name=MTFAIL|The [[headword]] in bold at the top of this entry has a significant likelihood of being mistranslated when using automatic translation. [[Machine translation]] can have difficulty with individual words or expressions for many reasons, including [[false friends]], [[false cognates]], [[literal translation]], [[neologisms]], [[slang]], [[idiomatic expression]]s and other unrecognized compounds, [[Polysemy|words with multiple meanings]], words with [[Jargon|specialized meanings in certain knowledge domains]] different from a common meaning of a word in a more general context, and other reasons. These issues can be difficult for human translators as well. Some expressions in Brazilian law or government have no exact equivalent in English, because the administrative and legal systems are not the same. In some cases, when any brief expression in English would either be opaque, or misleading, a term shouldn't be translated at all, but left in the original Portuguese and followed by an [[Template:Efn|explanatory note]].}}

{{efn|name="tipicidade and tipificação"|'''The difference between {{lang|pt-BR|tipicidade}} and {{lang|pt-BR|tipificação}}:'''{{br}}"''É importante a distinção entre 'tipicidade' e 'tipificação'. Enquanto a primeira traz a idéia de qualidade ou seja, qualidade de um fato que abrange todos os elementos da definição legal de um delito, a segunda é o ato de tipificar. Tipificação, portanto, é ato do legislador. Com a tipificação são individualizados os fatos típicos, fixandose a correspondente pena, bem como é exercida a opção entre formas qualificadas ou de aumento de pena.''"{{sfnlink|Polastri Lima|1988|p=65}}{{br}}
It is important to distinguish between {{lang|pt-BR|tipicidade}} and {{lang|pt-BR|tipificação}}. While the former has the idea of quality, i.e. the quality of a {{lang|pt-BR|fato}} that encompasses all the elements of the legal definition of a crime, the latter is the act of description of a type of criminal conduct ({{lang|pt-BR|tipificar}}). {{lang|pt-BR|Tipificação}}, therefore, is an act of the legislator.  With {{lang|pt-BR|tipificação}}, the criminal acts are individually defined and the corresponding penalty is set, as well as the option between mitigating or aggravating factors with increased penalties."}}

}}
{{Notelist}}<!-- Non-LDR's picked up here. -->

;Citations
{{Reflist}}

== Works cited ==

*<!--{{sfn|Altieri|2011}}-->{{cite book |last=Altieri de Moraes Pitombo |first=Antonio Sérgio |title=Introduction to Brazilian Law |chapter=Criminal Law and Procedure |date=2011|editor1-last=Deffenti |editor1-first=Fabiano |editor2-last=Barral |editor2-first=Welber |edition=1st |publisher=Wolters Kluwel |location=Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands |isbn=978-90-411-2506-4 |oclc=463642938 |ref={{harvid|Altieri|2011}} }} (second edition {{sfnlink|Deffenti|Barral|2016|text=below}})

*<!--{{sfn|Araujo Reis|2023|p=}}-->{{cite book |lang=pt-BR |last1=Araujo Reis |first1=Alexandre Cebrian |last2=Rios Goncalves |first2=Victor Eduardo |date=24 February 2023 |title=Direito Processual Penal Esquematizado |trans-title=Criminal Procedure Law Schematized |edition=12 |publisher=Saraiva Educação |isbn=9786553626638 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhqwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30 |ref={{harvid|Araujo Reis|2023}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|TJDFT|2018}}-->{{cite web |lang=pt-BR |author=Assessoria de Comunicação Social |title=Crime Doloso x Crime Culposo |trans-title=Intentional and Unintentional Offenses |date=31 August 2018 |publisher=Tribunal de Justiça do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios |location= Brasília |url=https://www.tjdft.jus.br/institucional/imprensa/campanhas-e-produtos/direito-facil/edicao-semanal/crime-doloso-x-crime-culposo |access-date=30 April 2024 |ref={{harvid|TJDFT|2018}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|Brandão|1997|p=}}-->{{cite journal |last=Brandão |first=Claudio Roberto |date=January 1997 |title=A importância da conceituação da antijuridicidade para a compreensão da essência do crime |journal=Revista de Informacão Legislativa
|volume=34 |issue=133 |location=Brasília |pages=23–32 |url=https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/190/r133-03.PDF?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |lang=pt-BR |access-date=6 May 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Brazil Constitution}}-->{{cite web |title=Brazil 1988 (rev. 2017) Constitution |website=Constitute |translator1-last=Rosenn |translator1-first=Keith S. |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Brazil_2017 |access-date=8 May 2024 |ref={{harvid|Brazil Constitution}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|da Cruz Paulino|2023|p=}}-->{{cite book |lang=pt-BR |last1=da Cruz Paulino |first1=Galtiênio |last2=Santos Schoucair |first2=João Paulo |last3=Ballan Junior |first3=Octahydes |date=2023 |title=Sistema Acusatório nos 35 Anos da CF/88 |trans-title=The Adversarial System in the 35 Years of the Federal Constition of 1988 |publisher=Thoth |location=Londrina, Paraná |isbn=9786559596140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QdzeEAAAQBAJ |ref={{harvid|da Cruz Paulino|2023}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|da Silva|2013|p=}}-->{{cite journal |last=da Silva |first=Ivan Luiz |date=January 2013 |title=O bem jurídico-penal como limite material à intervenção criminal |journal=Revista de Informação Legislativa |volume=50 |issue=197 |publisher=Senate of Brazil |pages=65–74 |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/ril/edicoes/50/197/ril_v50_n197_p65.pdf |quote=bem jurídico é um bem vital da comunidade ou do indivíduo, que por sua significação social é protegido juridicamente |trans-quote=A {{lang|pt-BR|bem jurídico}} is a vital interest of the community or the individual, which is legally protected due to its social significance |quote-page=71}} 

*<!--{{sfn|da Silva Pereira|2011|pp=439-444}}--> {{cite book |lang=pt-BR |last=da Silva Pereira |first=Caio Mário |year=2011  |orig-date=1961 |title=Instituições de Direito Civil |trans-title=Institutions of Civil Law |pages=439-444 |edition=24 |volume=1 |location=Rio de Janeiro |publisher=Forense}}

<!--Deffenti-Fabiano-2016: use per-chapter Sfn's inline, as shown below, for chapters of this book: -->
* {{cite book |title=Introduction to Brazilian Law |date=15 November 2016 |editor1-last=Deffenti |editor1-first=Fabiano |editor2-last=Barral |editor2-first=Welber |edition=2nd |orig-date=1st pub. 2011 |chapter=Brazil in colonial times |publisher=Wolters Kluwel |location=Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands |isbn=978-9041-16785-9 |oclc=972639824 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoyWDwAAQBAJ}} (1st edition {{sfnlink|Altieri|2011|text=above}})
**<!--{{sfn|Campilongo|2016|p=}}-->{{citec |last1=Campilongo |first1=Celso |year=2016 |c=Brazil in colonial times |in1=Deffenti |in2=Barral |p= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JoyWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32}} {{sfn whitelist|CITEREFCampilongo2016}}

*<!--{{sfn|de Moraes Toledo|2023}}--> {{cite web |last=de Moraes Toledo |first=Pedro |date=4 March 2023 |title=Teoria Finalista Análise técnica do conceito analítico a partir da Teoria Finalista |trans-title=Finalist Theory |website=Jusbrasil |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/teoria-finalista/1400794484 |access-date=2 May 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Dias|2023}}-->{{cite web |last=Dias |first=Marvyn |date=20 December 2023 |orig-date=2019 |title=O Brasil adota o sistema acusatório e não misto, no Processo Penal |trans-title=Brazil adopts the accusatory system, not the mixed system, in criminal procedure |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/o-brasil-adota-o-sistema-acusatorio-e-nao-misto-no-processo-penal/744897831 |access-date=21 April 2024}}</ref>

*<!--{{sfn|Fachini|2023}}-->{{cite web |last=Fachini |first=Tiago |date=17 March 2023 |title=Dolo: o que é, conceito e tipos |trans-title=''Dolo'': what it is, concept and types |website=Projuris |location=São Paulo |lang=pt-BR |url=https://www.projuris.com.br/blog/dolo/ |access-date=1 May 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Gomes|2010}}-->{{cite web |lang=pt-BR |last=Gomes |first=Luiz Flávio |author-link=Luiz Flávio Gomes |date=1 December 2010 |title=O que se entende por fato típico e quais elementos o compõem? - Denise Cristina Mantovani Cera |publisher=Jusbrasil |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/o-que-se-entende-por-fato-tipico-e-quais-elementos-o-compoem-denise-cristina-mantovani-cera/2489932 |access-date=3 May 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Gomes|2022}}-->{{cite web |lang=pt-BR |last=Gomes |first=Luiz Flávio |author-link=Luiz Flávio Gomes |date=2022-08-30 |orig-date=1st pub. 2009 |title=Quais são as teorias do dolo? - Áurea Maria Ferraz de Sousa |trans-title=What are the theories of fault?  - Áurea Maria Ferraz de Sousa |publisher=Jusbrasil |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/noticias/quais-sao-as-teorias-do-dolo-aurea-maria-ferraz-de-sousa/1675240 |access-date=30 April 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Leite|2018}}-->{{cite web |last=Leite |first=Victor |date=1 February 2018 |title=Fato Típico - Conduta De acordo com a Teoria Finalista |trans-title=''Fato Típico'' - Conduct According to the Finalist Theory |website=Jusbrasil |url=https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/fato-tipico-conduta/541194610 |quote=Fato Típico é a conduta (ação ou omissão) produtora de um resultado reprovável pelo Direito Penal, podendo ser crime ou contravenção penal. |trans-quote=Fato Típico is conduct (of action or omission) that produces a result that is punishable under criminal law, and may be either a crime or a misdemeanor. |access-date=2 May 2024}}

*<!--{{sfn|Lenzi|2019}}-->{{cite web |lang=pt-BR |last=Lenzi |first=Tié |date=17 June 2019 |title=Significado de Fato típico: O que é um Fato típico |publisher=Enciclopédia Significados|url=https://www.significados.com.br |access-date=2 May 2024 |quote=Fato típico é uma expressão jurídica que significa que um ato praticado por um indivíduo consiste em um crime. É expresso pelo fator humano (conduta) que produz um determinado resultado que a lei classifica como crime. |trans-quote=A ''Fato típico'' is a legal expression which means that an act carried out by an individual is a crime. It is characterized by the human factor (conduct) that results in a certain outcome that the law defines as a crime.}}

*<!--{{sfn|Magalhães Noronha|1974|p=95}}--> {{cite book |last=Magalhães Noronha |date=1974 |first=Edgard |title=Direito Penal |volume=1 Introdução e parte geral |edition=11 |publisher=Saraiva |oclc=313342218 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkwrAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA95}}

*<!--{{sfn|Mendez|2010}}-->{{cite web |last=Yurksaityte Mendez |first=Silmara |date=2010-07-23 |orig-date=2006-09-23
|title=Tipicidade e Tipo Penal |website=Monografias Brasil Escola |location=Jardim Goias
|url=https://monografias.brasilescola.uol.com.br/direito/tipicidade-tipo-penal.htm |access-date=3 May 2024 |ref={{harvid|Mendez|2010}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|Masson|2017|loc=entry}}--> {{cite encyclopedia |language=pt-BR |last1=Masson |first1=Cleber Rogerio |date=2017 |encyclopedia=Enciclopédia jurídica da PUC-SP |editor-last1=Fernandes Campilongo |editor-first1=Celso  |editor-last2=de Azevedo Gonzaga |editor-first2=Alvaro |editor-last3=Freire |editor-first3=André Luiz |title=Dolo |year= |publisher=Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo |location=São Paulo |edition=1 |volume=Direito Penal [Christiano Jorge Santos (vol. coord.)] |pages= |url=https://enciclopediajuridica.pucsp.br/verbete/423/edicao-1/dolo |access-date=30 April 2024 }}

*<!--{{sfn|Michaelis|2024|loc=word}}-->{{Cite dictionary |lang=pt-BR |date=2024 |editor1-last=Weiszflog |editor1-first=Walter |dictionary=Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa [Brazilian Dictionary of the Portuguese Language] |title=culpa |orig-date=1st pub. 2015  |publisher=Editora Melhoramentos |isbn=978-85-06-04024-9 |url=https://michaelis.uol.com.br/moderno-portugues/busca/portugues-brasileiro/culpa  |access-date=30 April 2024 |ref={{harvid|Michaelis|2024}} }}

*<!--{{sfn|Polastri Lima|1988|p=}}-->{{cite web |last=Polastri Lima |first=Marcellus |date=July 1988 |title=Critério de Classificação Dos Delitos e Técnica Legislativa de Elaboração da Parte Especial do Côdigo Penal Brasileiro |trans-title=Criteria for Classifying Crimes and of the Special Part of the Brazilian Penal Code  |journal=Revista de Direito da Procuradoria-Geral de Justiça, jul./dez. 1988. |publisher=[[:pt:Ministério Público do Estado do Rio de Janeiro|MPRJ]] |location=Rio de Janeiro |volume=28 |pages=64-92 |url=https://www.mprj.mp.br/servicos/revista-do-mp/revista-28-fase-2/artigo-das-pags-64-92 <!--download-url=https://www.mprj.mp.br/documents/20184/2342550/Marcellus_Polastri_Lima.pdf--> }}

*<!--{{sfn|Ribeiro da Silva|2004|p=}}--> {{cite web |last=Ribeiro da Silva |first=Jovanessa |date=May 2004 |title=Teorias Da Conduta No Direito Penal |trans-title=Theories of Conduct in Criminal Law |journal=Revista da Faculdade de Direito Padre Anchieta |volume=V |issue=8 |pages=95–100 |url=https://revistas.anchieta.br/index.php/RevistaDireito/article/download/173/118/}}

*<!--{{sfn|Significados negligencia|2011}}--> {{cite encyclopedia |date=11 November 2011 |encyclopedia=Enciclopédia Significados |title=Significado de Negligência (O que é, Conceito e Definição) |trans-title=Meaning of Negligência (What it is, concept and definition) |editor= |publisher= |location= |oclc= |language=pt-BR |url=https://www.significados.com.br/negligencia/ |access-date=7 May 2024 |ref={{harvid|Significados negligencia|2011}} }}

*<!--{{sfn||Weinert Abreu|1976|p=}}-->{{cite web |last=Weinert Abreu |first=Iduna |date=1976 |journal=Revista de Informação Legistlativa |title= A teoria de ação finalista de Hans Welzel |trans-title=Hans Welzel's Finalist Theory of Action |url=https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/180958/000357593.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y#:~:text=De%20fato%2C%20o%20que%20ocorre,em%20vista%20do%20fim%20buscado. |pages=180–198 |access-date=2 May 2024}}

== External links ==

* [https://portal.stf.jus.br/publicacaotematica/vertema.asp STF: Direito Penal e Processual Penal:  Publicações Temáticas - Versão Integral], brief blurbs on dozens of criminal law topics, with Table of Contents; from the STF
* [http://www.mpf.mp.br/atuacao-tematica/sci/normas-e-legislacao/legislacao/legislacao-em-ingles-1 Legislação brasileira traduzida para o Inglês]{{snd}}official English translations of the Constitution, and dozens of other Brazilian laws
* [https://www4.bcb.gov.br/GlossarioLista.asp?idioma=P&idpai=GLOSSARIO Glossary of the Banco Central]
* [http://direito.folha.uol.com.br/dicionaacuterio-juriacutedico.html Dicionário de termos jurídicos] from ''[[Folha de S.Paulo]]''
* About [[:pt:Condução coercitiva]]:
** [https://canalcienciascriminais.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/311252199/o-que-e-afinal-a-conducao-coercitiva Jusbrasil]
** [http://www.editoramagister.com/doutrina_27733267_CONDUCAO_COERCITIVA.aspx Lex Magister]
** [https://blog.juriscorrespondente.com.br/conducao-coercitiva-no-processo-penal-uma-abordagem-constitucional/ Juris Blog]
* [https://arquivo.pt Arquivo.pt: pesquise páginas do passado]
* [https://www.globalhealthrights.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Brazil-constitution-English.pdf Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil]; {{in lang|en}} pdf; 432 pages
* [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao.htm Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil] {{in lang|pt}}
* [https://michaelis.uol.com.br/ Michaelis dictionaries]{{snd}}a set of bilingual, online Brazilian dictionaries
* [https://www2.senado.leg.br/bdsf/bitstream/handle/id/532754/noticia.html?sequence=1 Operation Car Wash glossary]{{snd}}somewhat light-hearted, but has serious information about terms; by Gabriela Goulart, editor at [[O Globo]].

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