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== conflict of interest ? ==

I am Robert Waldmann son of Thomas Waldmann.  I tried to write an article sticking to citations of published sources.  I hope this is OK.
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== Draft Article ==

{{short description|American immunologist}}
{{Like resume|date=February 2021}}
[[File:Waldmann Picture 2017.jpg|thumb|Thomas A Waldmann]]
'''Thomas A Waldmann''' (born 21 September 1930) is an American immunologist known for his work on therapeutic monoclonal antibodies to the [[IL2RA|IL-2 receptor]], [[Interleukin 15]] (IL-15), and [[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma|Adult T-cell Leukemia]] (ATL). He is currently an active distinguished investigator at the Lymphoid Malignancies Branch of the National Cancer Institute.<ref>https://ccr.cancer.gov/Lymphoid-Malignancies-Branch/thomas-a-waldmann</ref>

== Biography and career ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2021}}Thomas Waldmann was born in New York City as the only child of Elisabeth Sipos and Charles Waldmann. He received his M.D. from [[Harvard Medical School]] in 1955. He joined the NCI in 1956 and became chief of the Lymphoid Malignancies Branch (formerly Metabolism Branch) in 1973. He married the late Katharine Waldmann in 1958 and has three Children: Richard, Robert, and Carol Waldmann.

== Research ==
Waldmann's research has focused on [[Lymphokine|lymphokines]], their receptors, and use of lymphokines and monoclonal antibodies to their receptors in the treatment of cancer and of autoimmune diseases.  He studied the  IL-2/IL-2 receptor system in the growth of normal and neoplastic cells. He co-discovered IL-15 and has initiated clinical trials employing IL-15 in the treatment of metastatic malignancy.

He studied the role played by the receptor for [[interleukin-2]] (IL-2) on the growth, differentiation and regulation of normal and neoplastic T-cells. He defined the IL-2 receptor subunits IL-2R beta and IL-2R alpha using the first reported anticytokine monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac)<ref>Uchiyama T, Broder S, Waldmann TA.  A monoclonal antibody (anti-Tac) reactive with activated and functionally mature human T cells. I. Production of anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and distribution of Tac (+) cells.  J Immunol 1981, 126(4):1393-7.  {{PMID|6970774}}</ref> leading to the  definition of the IL-2R alpha as a target for the therapy of leukemia and autoimmune diseases.

The scientific basis for this approach was the fact that normal resting cells do not express IL-2R alpha, but it is expressed by abnormal T-cells in patients with lymphoid malignancies. He introduced different forms of IL-2R-directed therapy, including unmodified murine antibodies to IL-2R alpha (anti-Tac, the first antibody to a cytokine receptor to receive FDA approval),<ref>Waldmann TA, Goldman CK, Bongiovanni KF, Sharrow SO, Davey MP, Cease KB, Greenberg SJ, Longo DL.  Therapy of patients with human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced adult T-cell leukemia with anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody to the receptor for interleukin-2.  Blood 1988, 72(5): 1805-16.  {{PMID|2846094}}</ref> humanized anti-Tac ([[daclizumab]], Zenapax) and the antibody armed with toxins or alpha and beta-emitting radionuclides.

He showed that [[Daclizumab|daclizumab]] contributes to reducing renal transplant rejection and is of value in the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis.<ref>Bielekova B, Richert N, Howard T, Blevins G, Markovic-Plese S, McCartin J, Frank JA, Würfe J, Ohayon J, Waldmann TA, McFarland HF, Martin R.  Humanized anti-CD25 (daclizumab) inhibits disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients failing to respond to interferon-beta.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004, 101(23)8705-8708.  {{PMID|15161974}}</ref>

He demonstrated that refractory and relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients could be effectively treated with daclizumab armed with Yttrium-90, because most normal cells do not express CD25, but it is expressed by some Reed-Sternberg cells and by rosetting polyclonal T-cells in lymphomatous masses. Responses were seen among the patients whose Reed-Sternberg cells were CD25 negative, provided that the associated rosetting T-cells expressed CD25.<ref>Conlon KC, Sportes C, Brechbiel MW, Fowler DH, Gress R, Miljkovic MD, Chen CC, Whatley MA, Bryant BR, Corcoran EM, Kurdziel KA, Pittaluga S, Paik CH, Lee JH, Fleisher TA, Carrasquillo JA, Waldmann TA. 90Y-Daclizumab (Anti-CD25), High-Dose Carmustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Yielded Sustained Complete Remissions in 4 Patients with Recurrent Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2020</ref><ref>Janik JE, Morris JC, O'Mahony D, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES, Redon CE, Bonner WM, Brechbiel MW, Paik CH, Whatley M, Chen C, Lee-J-H, Fleisher TA, Brown M, White JD, Stewart DM, Fioravanti S, Lee CC, Goldman CK, Bryant BR, Junghans RP, Carrasquillo JA, Worthy TY, Corcoran E, Conlon KC, Waldmann TA.  90Y-daclizumab, an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody, provided responses in 50% of patients with relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015, 112(42):13045-13050.  {{PMID|26438866}}</ref>

Waldmann co-discovered the cytokine [[interleukin 15]] (IL-15)<ref>Burton JD, Bamford RN, Peters C, Grant AJ, Kurys G, Goldman CK, Brennan J, Roessler E, Waldmann TA.  A lymphokine, provisionally designated interleukin-T, produced by a human adult T-cell leukemia line, stimulates T-cell proliferation and the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994, 91(11):4935-9.  {{PMID|8197160}}</ref><ref>Bamford RN, Grant AJ, Burton JD, Peters C, Kurys G, Goldman CK, Brennan J, Roessler E, Waldmann TA.  The interleukin (IL) 2 receptor beta chain is shared by IL-2 and a cytokine, provisionally designated IL-T, that stimulates T-cell proliferation and the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cells.  Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994, 91(11):4940-44.  {{PMID|8197161}}</ref> and elucidated its role in the development of NK and CD8-memory T cells and its inhibition of activation induced cell death. He demonstrated that it is bound to IL-15 R alpha on the surface of antigen presenting cells and presented in trans to T-cells in an immune synapse <ref>197. Dubois S, Mariner J, Waldmann TA Tagaya Y.   [[Interleukin 15 receptor, alpha subunit|IL-15R alpha]] recycles and presents IL-15 in trans to neighboring cells.  Immunity 2002, 17(5):537-547.  {{PMID|12433361}}</ref> He demonstrated that IL-15 is useful in the treatment of cancer in mice and has completed a clinical trial using IL-15 in therapy of patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer.<ref>Conlon KC, Lugli E, Welles HC, Rosenberg SA, Fojo AT, Morris JC, Fleisher TA, Dubois SP, Perera LP, Stewart DM, Goldman CK, Bryant BR, Decker JM, Chen J, Worthy TYA, Figg WD, Sr, Peer CJ, Sneller MC, Lane HC, Yovandich JL, Creekmore SP, Roederer M, Waldmann TA.  Redistribution, hyperproliferation, activation of natural killer cells and CD8 T cells and cytokine production during first-in-human clinical trial of recombinant human interleukin-15 in patients with cancer.  J Clin Oncol. 2015, 33(1):74-82.  {{PMID|25403209}}</ref>

Furthermore, Waldmann demonstrated that vaccines containing IL-15 induced long-lasting, high-avidity CD8-mediated CTL immunity.<ref>Perera LP, Waldmann TA, Mosca JD, Baldwin N, Berzofsky JA, Oh SK.  Development of smallpox vaccine candidates with integrated interleukin-15 that demonstrate superior immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety in mice.  J Virol. 2007, 81(16):8774-8783.  {{PMID|17553867}}</ref><ref>Poon LLM, Leung YHC, Nicholls JM, Perera P-Y, Lichy JH, Yamamoto M, Waldmann TA, Peiris JSM, Perera LP.  Vaccinia virus-based multivalent H5N1 avian influenza vaccines adjuvanted with IL-15 confer sterile cross-clade protection in mice.  J Immunol. 2009, 182(5):3063-3071.  {{PMID|19234203}}</ref>

Waldmann studied adult T-cell leukemia that develops in individuals infected with the retrovirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). Dr. Waldmann demonstrated that the HTLV-1 encoded protein Tax constitutively activates two autocrine (IL-2R/IL-2, IL-15R/IL-15) and one paracrine (IL-9) system. Waldmann demonstrated that daclizumab provides effective therapy for some patients with a previously invariably fatal leukemia, HTLV-I associated adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).<ref>Berkowitz JL, Janik JE, Stewart DM, Jaffe ES, Stetler-Stevenson M, Shih JH, Fleisher TA, Turner M, Urquhart NE, Wharfe GH, Figg WD, Peer CJ, Goldman CK, Waldmann TA, Morris JC.  Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, of daclizumab (anti-CD25) in patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.  Clin Immunol. 2014, 155(2):176-187.  {{PMID|25267440}}</ref>

In the early 80s Waldmann studied immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in and cell surface markers on acute lymphocyte leukemias<ref>Korsmeyer SJ, Arnold A, Bakhshi A, Ravetch JV, Siebenlist U, Hieter PA, Sharrow SO, LeBien TW, Kersey JH, Poplack DG, Leder P, Waldmann TA.  Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and cell surface antigen expression of acute lymphocyte leukemias of T-cell and B-cell precursor origins.  J Clin Invest 1983, 71(2):301-13.  {{PMID|6401769}}</ref>

In 1961 Waldmann described [[Waldmann disease]].

== Honorary Societies ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2021}}

* National Academy of Sciences, 
* American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
* National Academy of Medicine,
* Fellow National Academy of Inventors,
* Association of American Physicians
* American Society for Clinical Investigation
* Honorary Fellow, American Academy of Allergy and Immunology
* The Hungarian Academy of Sciences
* Fellow American Association for the Advancement of Sciences
* Honorary Life Membership Clinical Immunology Society
* Fellow American Academy of Microbiology
* Honorary Life Membership of the International Cytokine Society
* Honorary Fellow Royal Society of the Medical Sciences (UK)
* Election to the Henry Kunkle Society
* Fellow American Physiological Society
* Honorary Member Clinical Immunology Society

== Awards ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2021}}

1986	Lila Gruber Cancer Research Award, American Academy of Dermatology,
1987	Ciba-Geigy Drew Award in Biomedical Research,
1987	Simon Shubitz Prize for Cancer Research, University of Chicago Medical School,
1989	Milken Family Medical Foundation, Distinguished Basic Scientist Award,
1990	Doctor Honoris Causa, University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary,
1991	Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize,
1992	15th Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement in Cancer Research,
1996	Paul Ehrlich Medal, Paul Ehrlich Institute,
1998    American College of Physicans Award for Distinguished Contributions to Science as Related to Medicine,
2002	American Academy of Microbiology-Abbott Laboratories Prize in Clinical Diagnostic Immunology,
2005    Debrecen Prize in Molecular Medicine,
2007	AAI- Ralph Steinman Award for Human Immunology Research,
2009	Service to America (SAMMIE) Career Achievement Medal,<ref>https://servicetoamericamedals.org/honorees/thomas-alexander-waldmann/</ref>
2011    Establishment of the Annual Thomas Waldmann Award Foundation for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases (FPID),
2011	Establishment of the Tom Waldmann Lecture, Jeffrey Modell World Immunology Conference,
2012	Institute of Human Virology Life-time Achievement Award,
2012	FLC Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer for use of Therapeutic Antibodies as a Novel Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis,
2018	Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award,
1980    Man of the Year Award of American Leukemia Society (New York),
1990    Honor Award for Original Contribution to Human Retrovirology HTLV-I Society,
1990    Jeffrey Modell Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award,
1991    Landmarks in Allergy and Clinical Immunology Award in Clinical Immunology,
1991    4th Annual Duke University Award for Excellence in Immunologic Research, 
1998    Governor's Award, Washington, D.C., American College of Physicians,  
2003    3rd Time Gee Award Sass Foundation,
2007    President's Award Clinical Immunology Society,





==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:Harvard Medical School alumni]]
[[:Category:1930 births]]
[[:Category:American immunologists]]

[[User:Robert.waldmann|Robert.waldmann]] ([[User talk:Robert.waldmann#top|talk]]) 17:38, 3 February 2021 (UTC)

User:Robert.waldmann/subpage
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