View source for Umm al-Tut

{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Umm al-Tut
| translit_lang1          = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type     = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info     = ام التوت
| type                    = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type D (Village council)]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = Palestine
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Umm al-Tut within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|32|25|56|N|35|20|40|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 182/204
| subdivision_type        = State
| subdivision_name        = [[State of Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Jenin Governorate|Jenin]]
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = 
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Village council]] 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| area_total_dunam        = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total        = 1194
| population_as_of        = 2017
| population_note         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1         = "The place with the mulberries"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/170/mode/1up 170]</ref><br />"The mother of all strawberries"<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/a-palestinian-farmer-goes-back-to-his-roots-1.463187 Haaretz]</ref>
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Umm al-Tut ''' ({{langx|ar|ام التوت|ām al-tūt}}, literally "[[mulberry|Mulberries]] Place") is a [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian]] village 6&nbsp;km southeast of the city of [[Jenin]] in the northern [[West Bank]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], the town had a population of 1003 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 1,194 by 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /><ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920093125/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx |date=2008-09-20 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]</ref>

==History==
In 1517 Umm al-Tut was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] with the rest of Palestine. During the [[16th century|16th]] and [[17th century|17th centuries]], it belonged to the [[Turabay dynasty|Turabay]] Emirate (1517-1683), which encompassed also the [[Jezreel Valley]], [[Haifa]], [[Jenin]], [[Beit She'an Valley]], northern [[Jabal Nablus]], [[Manasseh Hills|Bilad al-Ruha/Ramot Menashe]], and the northern part of the [[Sharon plain]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Bakhīt |first=Muḥammad ʻAdnān |last2=al-Ḥamūd |first2=Nūfān Rajā |title=Daftar mufaṣṣal nāḥiyat Marj Banī ʻĀmir wa-tawābiʻihā wa-lawāḥiqihā allatī kānat fī taṣarruf al-Amīr Ṭarah Bāy sanat 945 ah |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/28579982 |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.worldcat.org |publisher=Jordanian University |pages=1–35 |language=en |publication-place=Amman |publication-date=1989}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |last2=Marom |first2=Tepper |last3=Adams |first3=Matthew, J |title=Lajjun: Forgotten Provincial Capital in Ottoman Palestine |url=https://www.academia.edu/101515579/Lajjun_Forgotten_Provincial_Capital_in_Ottoman_Palestine |journal=Levant |doi=10.1080/00758914.2023.2202484}}</ref> Its original residents reportedly came from the areas of [[Nablus]] and [[Ramallah]].<ref>Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in '''Shomron studies'''. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 350</ref>

In 1870, Umm al-Tut, called ''Oumm et-Toutah'', situated south of   [[Deir Abu Da'if]],  was one of the villages  [[Victor Guérin]] noted from [[Faqqua]].<ref>Guérin,  1874, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/336/mode/1up 336]</ref>

In 1882,  the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s  ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described the village as resembling [[Al-Mughayyir, Jenin|El Mughair]], and that it stood "amongst dense thickets on the north and west, and has open plough-land on the south."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/82/mode/1up 82]</ref>

===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Umm al-Tut had a population 94 [[Muslim]]s,<ref>Barron, 1923,  Table V, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n31/mode/1up 29]</ref> increasing  in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 129 Muslims, in  a total of 24 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas  71]</ref>

In   [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]]   the population was 170  Muslims,<ref name=DoS1945>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p17.jpg 17]</ref> with 4,876 [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jinin/Page-055.jpg 55]</ref>  Of this, 132  dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,705  dunams were for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jinin/Page-100.jpg 100]</ref> while a total of  6 dunams were built-up, urban land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jinin/Page-150.jpg 150]</ref>

===Jordanian era===
Following the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and the subsequent [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Umm al-Tut came under [[Jordan]]ian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 266 inhabitants in ''Um Tut''.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p25.pdf 25]</ref>

===Post-1967===
Since  the 1967 [[Six-Day War]] Umm al-Tut has been under  [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].

The village is  a major center of natural resources, nearby villages use 10% of Umm al-Tut's abundant surplus of fuel wood and also rely on Umm al-Tut's many pastures to raise their livestock.<ref name = "Mahmiyat">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mahmiyat.ps/en/park/about?park_id=1|title = About Umm at-Tut &#124; Mahmiyat.ps}}</ref>   Because of this, Umm al-Tut is under notably ample pressure due to increases in illegal/unauthorized grazing, logging, hunting, and waste disposal, as well as unlawful seizures of property by neighboring villages to convert into agricultural stock.<ref name = "Mahmiyat" />

==References==
{{reflist |25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922   |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} 
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 1|year=1874|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} 
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}} 
*{{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}  
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} 
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Umm_al_Tut_1666/index.html Welcome To Umm al-Tut]
*[https://www.welcometopalestine.com/destinations/jenin/umm-al-tut/ Umm al-Tut], Welcome to Palestine
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 9: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8371  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.09.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Jenin Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Jenin Governorate]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]