View source for List of national capitals

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Lists of capitals}}

This is a '''list of national capitals''', including [[capital city|capitals]] of [[Territory (administrative division)|territories]] and [[dependent territory|dependencies]], non-sovereign states including [[associated state]]s and entities whose [[sovereignty]] is [[territorial dispute|disputed]].

The capitals included on this list are those associated with states or territories listed by the international standard [[ISO 3166-1]], or that are included in the [[list of states with limited recognition]].

Sovereign states and observer states within the [[United Nations]] are shown in bold text.

== List ==
{{Clear}}
The column headings may cover the first row when the letter links are used.
{{Compact TOC|name=no|allowtoc=yes|x=}}
{{Sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header" style="font-size:95%;"
!scope="col" style="width:130px;"|City/Town
!scope="col" style="width:200px;"|'''Country/Territory'''
!Continent
! class="sortable" |Notes
|- id="A"
| [[Abidjan]] {{small|(former capital; still hosts some government offices)}}|| rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Ivory Coast|name=Ivory Coast}}''' (Côte d'Ivoire) 
| rowspan="2" |Africa|| rowspan="2" |Abidjan is the largest city in Ivory Coast and is officially designated as the economic capital.
|-
| [[Yamoussoukro]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Abu Dhabi]] || '''{{flaglist|United Arab Emirates}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Abuja]] || '''{{flaglist|Nigeria}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa|| [[Lagos]] was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
|-
| [[Accra]] || '''{{flaglist|Ghana}}''' ||
|-
| [[Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands|Adamstown]] || {{flaglist|Pitcairn Islands}} 
| Oceania|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Addis Ababa]] || '''{{flaglist|Ethiopia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Aden]] {{small|(''de facto'', temporary)}}|| rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Yemen}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia|| rowspan="2" | Yemen is in a state of [[Yemeni civil war (2014–present)|civil war]], and Sanaa has been occupied by [[Houthi movement|Houthi]] rebels since September 2014. Aden, the former capital of [[South Yemen]], is Yemen's acting capital.
|-
| [[Sanaa]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Episkopi Cantonment]] || {{flaglist|Akrotiri and Dhekelia}} 
| Asia|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Algiers]] || '''{{flaglist|Algeria}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Alofi]] || {{flaglist|Niue}} 
| Oceania|| [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|Self-governing in free association]] with [[New Zealand]]. Government offices are spread across both Alofi North and Alofi South.
|-
| [[Amman]] || '''{{flaglist|Jordan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Amsterdam]] {{small|(official)}} || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Netherlands}}''' 
| rowspan="3" |Europe|| rowspan="2" | The Dutch government is situated in The Hague, which also hosts [[Noordeinde Palace|the monarch]], [[Cabinet of the Netherlands|government ministries]], [[Supreme Court of the Netherlands|judiciary]] and [[List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands|diplomatic missions]]. See also [[Capital of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[The Hague]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Andorra la Vella]] || '''{{flaglist|Andorra}}''' ||
|-
| [[Ankara]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkey}}''' 
|Asia||Ankara became capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. The capital of Turkey's predecessor, the [[Ottoman Empire]], was [[Constantinople]].
|-
| [[Antananarivo]] || '''{{flaglist|Madagascar}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Apia]] || '''{{flaglist|Samoa}}''' 
|Oceania||
|-
| [[Ashgabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Turkmenistan}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Asmara]] || '''{{flaglist|Eritrea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Astana]] || '''{{flaglist|Kazakhstan}}''' 
|Asia|| Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. [[Almaty]] was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1997 and its predecessor the [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakh SSR]] from 1929 to 1991.
|-
| [[Asunción]] || '''{{flaglist|Paraguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Athens]] || '''{{flaglist|Greece}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Avarua]] || {{flaglist|Cook Islands}} 
|Oceania|| [[Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue|Self-governing in free association]] with [[New Zealand]]. The capital is sometimes incorrectly stated as [[Rarotonga]], the island on which Avarua is located.
|- id="B"
| [[Baghdad]] || '''{{flaglist|Iraq}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||
|-
| [[Baku]] || '''{{flaglist|Azerbaijan}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bamako]] || '''{{flaglist|Mali}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bandar Seri Begawan]] || '''{{flaglist|Brunei}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||
|-
| [[Bangkok]] || '''{{THA}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bangui]] || '''{{flaglist|Central African Republic}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa||
|-
| [[Banjul]] || '''{{flaglist|Gambia|name=Gambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Basseterre]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Beijing]] || '''{{CHN}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia|| See also: [[Historical capitals of China]].
|-
| [[Beirut]] || '''{{flaglist|Lebanon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Belgrade]] || '''{{flaglist|Serbia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Belmopan]] || '''{{flaglist|Belize}}''' 
|North America|| [[Belize City]] was the capital of Belize's predecessor, [[British Honduras]].
|-
| [[Berlin]] || '''{{flaglist|Germany}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe|| [[Bonn]] was the capital of [[West Germany]] and remained the [[seat of government]] for reunified Germany until 1999, and is still the primary seat of six [[Cabinet of Germany|ministries]]. See also [[Capital of Germany]]. 
|-
| [[Bern]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Switzerland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Bishkek]] || '''{{flaglist|Kyrgyzstan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Bissau]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea-Bissau}}''' 
| rowspan="4" |Africa||
|-
| [[Bloemfontein]] {{small|(judicial)}} || rowspan="3" | '''{{flaglist|South Africa}}''' ||
|-
| [[Cape Town]] {{small|(legislative)}} ||
|-
| [[Pretoria]] {{small|(executive)}} ||
|-
| [[Bogotá]] || '''{{flaglist|Colombia}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Brades]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| rowspan="2" | {{flaglist|Montserrat}} 
| rowspan="2" | North America|| rowspan="2" | [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Plymouth was abandoned after the [[Soufrière Hills]] volcano erupted in 1997. Since then, government offices have been moved to [[Brades]], which is in northwestern Montserrat. A new capital, [[Little Bay, Montserrat|Little Bay]], is currently under construction.
|-
| [[Plymouth, Montserrat|Plymouth]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}
|-
| [[Brasília]] || '''{{flaglist|Brazil}}''' 
|South America||[[Rio de Janeiro]] was the capital until 1960. See also: [[Capitals of Brazil]].
|-
| [[Bratislava]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovakia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Brazzaville]] || '''{{flaglist|Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Bridgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Barbados}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] || '''{{flaglist|Belgium}}'''<br> 
| rowspan="4" |Europe
| rowspan="2" |Brussels also [[Brussels and the European Union|serves as]] ''de facto'' [[Institutional seats of the European Union|capital]] of the [[European Union]].<ref name="capital">{{Cite book |last=Cybriwsky |first=Roman Adrian |title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61069-248-9 |page=[{{GBurl|id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ|p=64}} 64] |quote=Brussels, the capital of Belgium, is considered to be the de facto capital of the EU}}</ref>
|-
|{{flaglist|European Union}} {{Small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Bucharest]] || '''{{flaglist|Romania}}''' ||
|-
| [[Budapest]] || '''{{flaglist|Hungary}}''' ||See also: [[List of historical capitals of Hungary]].
|-
| [[Buenos Aires]] || '''{{flaglist|Argentina}}''' 
|South America||
|- id="C"
|[[Cairo]]||'''{{flaglist|Egypt}}'''
|Africa||A new capital is being built at the [[New Administrative Capital]]. It might be named Egypt. See also: [[List of historical capitals of Egypt]].
|-
|[[Canberra]]||'''{{flaglist|Australia}}'''
|Oceania|| Planned city built to mitigate the rivalry between [[Melbourne]] (''de facto'' capital at the time) and [[Sydney]] (economic capital and most populous city), both of which were put forward as potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions of the 1890s. [[Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia|Section 125 of the Constitution]] gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth, while the [[Seat of Government Act 1908]] specified its precise location.
|-
|[[Caracas]]||'''{{flaglist|Venezuela|state}}'''
|South America||
|-
| [[Castries]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Lucia}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |North America||
|-
| [[Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands|Charlotte Amalie]] || {{flaglist|United States Virgin Islands}} || [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Chișinău]] || '''{{flaglist|Moldova}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cockburn Town]] || {{flaglist|Turks and Caicos Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Colombo]] {{small|(executive, judicial)}} || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Sri Lanka}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia|| Until 1982, the capital was Colombo, where many governmental institutions remain; it is still designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. See also: [[Capital of Sri Lanka]].
|-
| [[Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]] {{small|(official)}} || Also known as Kotte, the city is a [[suburb]] of Colombo.
|-
| [[Conakry]] || '''{{flaglist|Guinea}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Copenhagen]] || '''{{flaglist|Denmark}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Cotonou]] {{small|(de facto)}} || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Benin}}''' 
| rowspan="3" |Africa||
|-
| [[Porto-Novo]] {{small|(official)}} ||
|- id="D"
| [[Dakar]] || '''{{flaglist|Senegal}}''' ||
|-
| [[Damascus]] || '''{{flaglist|Syria}}''' 
| rowspan="3" |Asia||
|-
| [[Dhaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Bangladesh}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dili]] || '''{{flaglist|East Timor|name=East Timor}}''' ||
|-
| [[Djibouti City|Djibouti]] || '''{{flaglist|Djibouti}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa||
|-
| [[Dodoma]]
|'''{{flaglist|Tanzania}}'''||[[Dar es Salaam]], the former capital and largest city, still hosts some [[Cabinet of Tanzania|government ministries]], the [[High Court of Tanzania|judiciary]], and [[List of diplomatic missions in Tanzania|diplomatic missions]].
|-
| [[Doha]] || '''{{flaglist|Qatar}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]] || {{flaglist|Isle of Man}} 
| rowspan="2" |Europe|| [[Crown Dependencies|British Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[Dublin]] || '''{{flaglist|Ireland}}''' ||
|-
| [[Dushanbe]] || '''{{flaglist|Tajikistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id="E"
| [[Edinburgh of the Seven Seas]] || {{flaglist|Tristan da Cunha}} 
| || Part of the [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|- id="F"
| [[Flying Fish Cove]] || {{flaglist|Christmas Island}} 
| || [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Freetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Sierra Leone}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Saint-Pierre, Réunion|Saint-Pierre]] {{Small|(administration)}} || {{flaglist|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}} 
| || [[overseas territory (France)|Overseas territory]] of [[France]]. The French Southern and Antarctic Lands do not have an official capital. The territory is administered from Saint-Pierre, Réunion.
|-
| [[Funafuti]] || '''{{flaglist|Tuvalu}}''' 
|Oceania||
|- id="G"
| [[Gaborone]] || '''{{flaglist|Botswana}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[George Town, Cayman Islands|George Town]] || {{flaglist|Cayman Islands}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Ascension Island|Georgetown]] || {{flaglist|Ascension Island}} 
| || Part of the [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|-
| [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || '''{{flaglist|Guyana}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Gibraltar]] || {{flaglist|Gibraltar}} 
|Europe|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] and [[city-state]].
|-
| [[Gitega]] {{small|(''de jure'')}}|| rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Burundi}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa|| rowspan="2" | Bujumbura was the capital from 1962 to 2018.
|-
| [[Bujumbura]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Guatemala City]] || '''{{flaglist|Guatemala}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |North America||
|-
| [[Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy|Gustavia]] || {{flaglist|Saint Barthélemy|local}} || [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|- id="H"
| [[Hagåtña]] || {{flaglist|Guam}} 
|Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory of the United States]].
|-
| [[Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton]] || {{flaglist|Bermuda}} 
|North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Hanoi]] || '''{{VIE}}''' 
|Asia||See also: [[List of historical capitals of Vietnam]].
|-
| [[Harare]] || '''{{ZIM}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Hargeisa]] || {{flaglist|Somaliland}} 
|Africa|| ''De facto'' independent state, deemed by the UN to be  ''de jure'' part of Somalia.
|-
| [[Havana]] || '''{{flaglist|Cuba}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Helsinki]] || '''{{flaglist|Finland}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Honiara]] || '''{{flaglist|Solomon Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Honiara is a settlement on the island of [[Guadalcanal]].
|- id="I"
| [[Islamabad]] || '''{{flaglist|Pakistan}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia|| [[Karachi]] served as the first capital of Pakistan from 1948. A planned capital, Islamabad, was then designated, and in 1958, as an interim measure, the capital was shifted to [[Rawalpindi]], near to the future capital. Islamabad became capital in 1967 when its construction was completed.
|- id="J"

|[[Jakarta]]
|  '''{{INA}}''' || The capital will soon be moved to [[Nusantara (city)|Nusantara]] on Borneo. See also: [[Capital of Indonesia]].
|-

| [[Jamestown, Saint Helena|Jamestown]] || {{flaglist|Saint Helena}} 
| || Part of the [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]] of [[Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]].
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Jerusalem]]
|'''{{flaglist|Israel}}'''
|Asia
| rowspan="3" |The [[Jerusalem Law]] states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions. [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 478]] declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Nearly all countries currently have [[List of diplomatic missions in Israel|their embassies]] in and around [[Tel Aviv]]. Defying the [[United Nations|UN]],<ref>https://press.un.org/en/2017/ga11995.doc.htm</ref> the United States [[United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel|recognized Jerusalem as the capital]] and moved [[Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem|its embassy]] there in May 2018.<ref>See the [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ CIA Factbook] and [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf Map of Israel]</ref> Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem should have international status, as called for in the [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|1947 Partition Plan]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharkansky |first=Ira |author-link=Ira Sharkansky |title=Governing Jerusalem: Again on the world's agenda |page=[https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 23] |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-8143-2592-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/governingjerusal0000shar/page/23 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Palestine}}'''
|
|-
| [[Ramallah]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|Asia
|-
| [[Juba]] || '''{{flaglist|South Sudan}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id="K"
| [[Kabul]] || '''{{flaglist|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|name=Afghanistan}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kampala]] || '''{{flaglist|Uganda}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kathmandu]] || '''{{flaglist|Nepal}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Khartoum]] || '''{{flaglist|Sudan}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa||
|-
| [[Kigali]] || '''{{flaglist|Rwanda}}''' ||
|-
| [[King Edward Point]] || {{flaglist|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}} 
| || [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] || '''{{flaglist|Jamaica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kingston, Norfolk Island|Kingston]] || {{flaglist|Norfolk Island}} 
| Oceania|| [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|Kingstown]] || '''{{flaglist|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Kinshasa]] || '''{{flaglist|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Kuala Lumpur]] {{small|(''de jure'', legislative and royal)}}|| rowspan="2" | '''{{MAS}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||
|-
| [[Putrajaya]] {{small|(administrative and judicial)}} ||
|-
| [[Kuwait City]] || '''{{flaglist|Kuwait}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Kyiv]] || '''{{flaglist|Ukraine}}''' 
|Europe||
|- id="L"
| [[La Paz]] {{small|(administrative)}} || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Bolivia}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |South America|| [[La Paz]] is the [[List of capital cities by elevation|highest administrative capital]] (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.<ref name="Highest"/>
|-
| [[Sucre]] {{small|(constitutional)}} ||
|-
| [[Laayoune]] {{small|(declared)}} || rowspan="2" | {{flaglist|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic|name=Western Sahara}} 
| rowspan="4" |Africa|| rowspan="2" | The [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] (SADR), recognized by {{Numrec|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}} UN member states and South Ossetia, claims the mostly [[Morocco|Moroccan]]-controlled [[Western Sahara]]. [[Southern Provinces|Moroccan-controlled territory]] includes Laayoune and Morocco claims all [[Free Zone (region)|Sahrawi-controlled territory]]. Tifariti is the current [[temporary capital]] of the SADR (previously [[Bir Lehlou]]). Some government and military buildings reside in exile in [[Tindouf, Algeria]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|title=CIA - The World Factbook -- Western Sahara|date=June 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html|archive-date=2007-06-12}}</ref> See also: [[Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]].
|-
| [[Tifariti]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}
|-
| [[Libreville]] || '''{{flaglist|Gabon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lilongwe]] || '''{{flaglist|Malawi}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lima]] || '''{{flaglist|Peru|state}}''' 
|South America|| [[Cusco]] is declared the "historical capital" ({{langx|es|capital histórica}}), by Article 49 of the [[Constitution of Peru|Peruvian Constitution]], a merely symbolic statement. [[Arequipa]] is deemed the "legal capital" as it is the seat of the [[Constitutional Court of Peru|Constitutional Court]].
|-
| [[Lisbon]] || '''{{POR}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|-
| [[Ljubljana]] || '''{{flaglist|Slovenia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Lobamba]] {{small|(royal and legislative)}} || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Eswatini}}''' 
| rowspan="3" |Africa||
|-
| [[Mbabane]] {{small|(administrative)}} ||
|-
| [[Lomé]] || '''{{flaglist|Togo}}''' ||
|-
| [[London]] || '''{{UK}}''' 
|Europe|| Prior to the [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union in 1707]], London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]. The United Kingdom also includes the subdivisions of {{Flagu|England}} (capital London), {{Flagu|Scotland}} (capital [[Edinburgh]]), {{Flagu|Wales}} ([[Capital of Wales|capital]] [[Cardiff]]), {{Flagu|Northern Ireland}} (capital [[Belfast]]).
|-
|[[London]] {{Small|(administration)}}
| rowspan="2" |{{Flaglist|British Indian Ocean Territory}}
| rowspan="2" |Asia
| rowspan="2" |[[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Governance {{!}} British Indian Ocean Territory |url=https://www.biot.gov.io/governance/ |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.biot.gov.io}}</ref> though some consider the capital to be [[Diego Garcia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) |url=https://islandstudies.com/files/2016/11/British-Indian-Ocean-Territory-BIOT.pdf |website=Island Studies |publisher=[[University of Prince Edward Island]]}}</ref>
|-
| [[Diego Garcia]] {{Small|(''de facto'')}} 
|-
| [[Luanda]] || '''{{flaglist|Angola}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa||
|-
| [[Lusaka]] || '''{{flaglist|Zambia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg]] || '''{{flaglist|Luxembourg}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|- id="M"
| [[Madrid]] || '''{{flaglist|Spain}}''' ||
|-
| [[Majuro]] || '''{{flaglist|Marshall Islands}}''' 
| Oceania||Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Delap-Uliga-Djarrit]], a settlement on the atoll of Majuro.
|-
| [[Malabo]] || '''{{flaglist|Equatorial Guinea}}''' 
|Africa|| [[Ciudad de la Paz]] is currently under construction and will become the new capital when complete.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fortin |first=Jacey |date=19 December 2012 |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/poverty-stricken-equatorial-guinea-builds-expensive-capital-city-middle-nowhere-949224 |title=Poverty-Stricken Equatorial Guinea Builds Expensive Capital City In The Middle Of Nowhere|website=[[International Business Times]] }}</ref>
|-
| [[Malé]] || '''{{flaglist|Maldives}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Managua]] || '''{{flaglist|Nicaragua}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Manama]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahrain}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||
|-
| [[Manila]] || '''{{PHI}}''' ||
|-
| [[Maputo]] || '''{{flaglist|Mozambique}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mariehamn]] || {{flaglist|Åland Islands}} 
|Europe|| Autonomous region of [[Finland]].
|-
| [[Marigot, Saint Martin|Marigot]] || {{flaglist|Saint Martin|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Maseru]] || '''{{flaglist|Lesotho}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Mata Utu]] || {{flaglist|Wallis and Futuna|local}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Mexico City]] || '''{{flaglist|Mexico}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Minsk]] || '''{{flaglist|Belarus}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Mogadishu]] || '''{{flaglist|Somalia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Municipality of Monaco|Monaco]] || '''{{flaglist|Monaco}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]]. Monaco does not have a capital designated in [[Constitution of Monaco|its constitution]]; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only [[Commune (administrative division)|commune]], is coterminous with the nation, making it the ''de facto'' capital.<ref name="Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Principality |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Government-Institutions/Institutions/Constitution-of-the-Principality |website=Gouvernement Princier Principauté de Monaco |publisher=Principauté de Monaco |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en |date=17 December 1962}}</ref><ref name="Britannica">{{cite web |title=Monaco |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Monaco |website=Britannica |access-date=28 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Monrovia]] || '''{{flaglist|Liberia}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Montevideo]] || '''{{flaglist|Uruguay}}''' 
|South America||
|-
| [[Moroni, Comoros|Moroni]] || '''{{flaglist|Comoros}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Moscow]] || '''{{flaglist|Russia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]] || '''{{OMA}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id="N"
| [[Nairobi]] || '''{{flaglist|Kenya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] || '''{{flaglist|Bahamas, The}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Naypyidaw]] || '''{{MYA}}''' 
|Asia||[[Yangon]] was the capital until 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nay Pyi Taw {{!}} national capital, Myanmar {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nay-Pyi-Taw |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> See also: [[List of capitals of Myanmar]].
|-
| [[N'Djamena]] || '''{{flaglist|Chad}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[New Delhi]] || '''{{IND}}''' 
|Asia|| [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] was the capital of [[India]] until 1911 during the [[British Raj]].
|-
| [[Ngerulmud]] || '''{{flaglist|Palau}}''' 
| Oceania|| Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Koror City]] was the capital until 2006. 
|-
| [[Niamey]] || '''{{flaglist|Niger}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[Nicosia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cyprus}}'''<br> 
| rowspan="2" |Asia
| rowspan="2" |Nicosia is a [[List of divided cities|divided capital]], split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and the [[Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus|internationally unrecognized]] breakaway state of Northern Cyprus.
|-
|{{flaglist|Northern Cyprus}}
|-
| [[Nouakchott]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritania}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Nouméa]] || {{flagdeco|New Caledonia|local}} [[New Caledonia]] 
| rowspan="2" | Oceania|| [[Overseas territory]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Nukuʻalofa]] || '''{{flaglist|Tonga}}''' ||
|-

| [[Nuuk]] || {{flaglist|Greenland}} 
|North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|- id="O"
| [[Oranjestad, Aruba|Oranjestad]] || {{flaglist|Aruba}} 
| South America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Oslo]] || '''{{NOR}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of historical capitals of Norway]].
|-
| [[Ottawa]] || '''{{CAN}}''' 
|North America||
|-
| [[Ouagadougou]] || '''{{flaglist|Burkina Faso}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id="P"
| [[Pago Pago]] || {{flaglist|American Samoa}} 
| rowspan="2" | Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[Palikir]] || '''{{flaglist|Micronesia|name=Micronesia}}''' || Self-governing in [[associated state|free association]] with the [[United States]]. [[Kolonia]] is the former capital and [[Australia]], [[China]], [[Japan]] and the [[United States]] retain embassies there.
|-
| [[Panama City]] || '''{{flaglist|Panama}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Papeete]] || {{flaglist|French Polynesia}} 
| Oceania|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Paramaribo]] || '''{{flaglist|Suriname}}''' 
| South America||
|-
| [[Paris]] || '''{{FRA}}''' 
|Europe||See also: [[List of capitals of France|List of Capitals of France]].
|-
| [[Philipsburg, Sint Maarten|Philipsburg]] || {{flaglist|Sint Maarten}} 
| North America|| Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Phnom Penh]] || '''{{CAM}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
|[[Podgorica]]
|'''{{flaglist|Montenegro}}'''
|Europe
|[[Cetinje]] has been designated the "Old Royal Capital" and is the present seat of the [[President of Montenegro|President]].
|-
| [[Port Louis]] || '''{{flaglist|Mauritius}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Port Moresby]] || '''{{flaglist|Papua New Guinea}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port of Spain]] || '''{{flaglist|Trinidad and Tobago}}''' 
| South America||
|-
| [[Port Vila]] || '''{{flaglist|Vanuatu}}''' 
| Oceania||
|-
| [[Port-au-Prince]] || '''{{flaglist|Haiti}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Prague]] || '''{{CZE}}''' 
|Europe|| The [[Supreme Court of the Czech Republic]] is located in [[Brno]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-30 |title=Countries With More Than One Capital City |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/cities/countries-with-more-than-one-capital-city.html |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| [[Praia]] || '''{{flaglist|Cape Verde}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Pristina]] || {{flaglist|Kosovo}} 
|Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state that is recognized by {{Numrec|Kosovo}} UN member states, [[Taiwan]], the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]]. Claimed in whole by [[Serbia]] as part of its [[Kosovo|Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija]]. Kosovo has ''de facto'' control over most of the territory, with limited control in [[North Kosovo]].
|-
| [[Pyongyang]] || '''{{PRK}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id="Q"
| [[Quito]] || '''{{flaglist|Ecuador}}''' 
|South America|| [[List of capital cities by elevation|Highest official capital]] (2,850 m).<ref name = "Highest">{{cite news|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/19/amazonia-or-bust/#ftn3 |title=Amazonia or Bust! |last=Jacobs |first=Frank |newspaper=New York Times |date=19 June 2012 |access-date=28 June 2012}}</ref>
|- id="R"
| [[Rabat]] || '''{{flaglist|Morocco}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Reykjavík]] || '''{{flaglist|Iceland}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|-
| [[Riga]] || '''{{flaglist|Latvia}}''' ||
|-
| [[Riyadh]] || '''{{KSA}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Road Town]] || {{flaglist|British Virgin Islands}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Rome]] || '''{{flaglist|Italy}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Roseau]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominica}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Rothera Research Station|Rothera]] || {{flaglist|British Antarctic Territory}} 
| Antarctica|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]]
|- id="S"
| [[Saipan]] || {{flaglist|Northern Mariana Islands|2020}} 
| Oceania|| [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]]. The seat of government is at [[Capitol Hill, Saipan|Capitol Hill]], a settlement on the island of Saipan.
|-
| [[San José, Costa Rica|San José]] || '''{{flaglist|Costa Rica|state}}''' 
| rowspan="2" | North America||
|-
| [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] || {{flaglist|Puerto Rico}} || [[Territories of the United States|Territory]] of the [[United States]].
|-
| [[City of San Marino|San Marino]] || '''{{flaglist|San Marino}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[San Salvador]] || '''{{flaglist|El Salvador}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[Santiago]]|| '''{{flaglist|Chile}}''' 
|South America||The [[National Congress of Chile]] is located in [[Valparaíso]].
|-
| [[Santo Domingo]] || '''{{flaglist|Dominican Republic}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[São Tomé]] || '''{{flaglist|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Sarajevo]] || '''{{flaglist|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Seoul]] || '''{{KOR}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved to [[Sejong City]], which became the ''de facto'' administrative capital.
|-
| [[Singapore]] || '''{{SIN}}''' || [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Skopje]] || '''{{flaglist|North Macedonia|name=North Macedonia}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|-
| [[Sofia]] || '''{{flaglist|Bulgaria}}''' ||
|-
| [[South Tarawa]] || '''{{KIR}}''' 
| Oceania||South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of [[Tarawa]].
|-
| [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] || '''{{flaglist|Grenada}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Helier]] || {{flaglist|Jersey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. John's]] || '''{{flaglist|Antigua and Barbuda}}''' 
| North America||
|-
| [[St. Peter Port]] || {{flaglist|Guernsey}} 
| Europe|| [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Crown Dependencies|Crown Dependency]].
|-
| [[St. Pierre, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon|St. Pierre]] || {{flaglist|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|local}} 
| North America|| [[Overseas collectivity]] of [[France]].
|-
| [[Stanley, Falkland Islands|Stanley]] || {{flaglist|Falkland Islands}} 
| South America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Stockholm]] || '''{{flaglist|Sweden}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Sukhumi]] || {{flaglist|Abkhazia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognized by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Syria. Claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Government of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia|Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia]].
|-
| [[Suva]] || '''{{flaglist|Fiji}}''' 
| Oceania||
|- id="T"
| [[Taipei]] || {{flaglist|Taiwan}} 
|Asia|| Officially the Republic of China, it has been competing for recognition with the [[China|People's Republic of China]] as the [[One China|sole Chinese government]] since 1949. Taiwan controls the [[Geography of Taiwan|island of Taiwan]] and the [[List of islands of Taiwan|associated islands]] Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the [[Spratly Islands]].<ref name="Spratly" group="Note">Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, [[Vietnam]], the [[Philippines]] (part), [[Malaysia]] (part), and [[Brunei]] (part).</ref> Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.<ref name="TAI2" group=Note>In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) lost the [[Chinese Civil War]] to the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CCP established the People's Republic. As such, the [[Political status of Taiwan|political status]] of the ROC and the [[legal status of Taiwan]] (alongside the [[Free Area of the Republic of China|territories]] under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the [[United Nations]] gave the [[China and the United Nations|China seat]] to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the [[One-China policy|sole legitimate representative of all China]], and the UN classifies Taiwan as "[[Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China|Taiwan, Province of China]]". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates [[Taiwan independence]].</ref> The Republic of China participates in the [[World Health Organization]] and a number of non-UN international organizations such as the [[World Trade Organization]], the [[International Olympic Committee]] and others under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly [[Chinese Taipei]].
|-
| [[Tallinn]] || '''{{flaglist|Estonia}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Tashkent]] || '''{{UZB}}''' 
|Asia||
|-
| [[Tbilisi]] || '''{{flaglist|Georgia}}''' 
|Asia/Europe||From 2012 to 2018, [[Kutaisi]] served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, [[Mtskheta]] is sometimes called an "ancient capital" of Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mtskheta {{!}} Ancient Capital, UNESCO Site {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mtskheta |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgia marks day of ancient capital Mtskheta, Svetitskhoveli UNESCO monument |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2022/3999 |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Agenda.ge}}</ref>
|-
| [[Tegucigalpa]] || rowspan="2" | '''{{flaglist|Honduras}}''' 
| rowspan="2" | North America|| rowspan="2" |Comayagüela is declared in the [[Constitution of Honduras|Honduran Constitution]] as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-07-05 |title=Constitution of Honduras |url=http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705043950/http://congreso.gob.hn/constituciones/CONSTITUCION%201982%20DECRETO%20131-82.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-05 |language=es}}</ref> The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
|-
|[[Comayagüela]]
|-
| [[Tehran]] || '''{{flaglist|Iran}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Asia||
|-
| [[Thimphu]] || '''{{flaglist|Bhutan}}''' ||
|-
| [[Tirana]] || '''{{flaglist|Albania}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|-
| [[Tiraspol]] || {{flaglist|Transnistria|state}} || ''De facto'' independent state, [[Foreign relations of Transnistria|not recognized]] by any UN member, only by Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Claimed in whole by [[Moldova]] as the autonomous territorial unit of [[Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester]]
|-
| [[Tokyo]] || '''{{JPN}}''' 
|Asia||See also: [[Capital of Japan]].
|-
| [[Tórshavn]] || {{flaglist|Faroe Islands}} 
|Europe|| Self-governing country within the [[Danish Realm|Kingdom of Denmark]].
|-
| [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] || '''{{flaglist|Libya}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Tskhinvali]] || {{flaglist|South Ossetia}} 
| Asia/Europe|| ''De facto'' independent state [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|recognized by]] Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Syria. Claimed in whole by [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as the [[Provisional Administration of South Ossetia]].
|-
| [[Tunis]] || '''{{flaglist|Tunisia}}''' 
|Africa||
|- id="U"
| [[Ulaanbaatar]] || '''{{flaglist|Mongolia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id="V"
| [[Vaduz]] || '''{{flaglist|Liechtenstein}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|-
| [[Valletta]] || '''{{flaglist|Malta}}''' ||
|-
| [[The Valley, Anguilla|The Valley]] || {{flaglist|Anguilla}} 
| North America|| [[British Overseas Territories|British Overseas Territory]].
|-
| [[Vatican City]] || '''{{flaglist|Vatican City}}''' 
|Europe|| [[City-state]].
|-
| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]] || '''{{flaglist|Seychelles}}''' 
|Africa||
|-
| [[Vienna]] || '''{{flaglist|Austria}}''' 
|Europe||
|-
| [[Vientiane]] || '''{{LAO}}''' 
| Asia||
|-
| [[Vilnius]] || '''{{flaglist|Lithuania}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Europe||
|- id="W"
| [[Warsaw]] || '''{{flaglist|Poland}}''' ||Former capitals listed in [[Template:Historical capitals of Poland]].
|-
| [[Washington, D.C.]] || '''{{US}}''' 
|North America||The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also: [[List of capitals in the United States#National capitals|National capitals of the United States]].
|-
| [[Wellington]] || '''{{NZL}}''' 
|Oceania|| Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: [[Capital of New Zealand]].
|-
| [[West Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands|West Island]] || {{flaglist|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} 
| || [[States and territories of Australia|External territory]] of [[Australia]].
|-
| [[Willemstad]] || {{flaglist|Curaçao}} 
| || Self-governing country within the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]].
|-
| [[Windhoek]] || '''{{flaglist|Namibia}}''' 
| rowspan="2" |Africa||
|- id="Y"
| [[Yaoundé]] || '''{{flaglist|Cameroon}}''' ||
|-
| [[Yaren District|Yaren]] {{small|(''de facto'')}}|| '''{{flaglist|Nauru}}''' 
| Oceania|| Nauru has no official capital; however, the government offices are in Yaren.
|-
| [[Yerevan]] || '''{{flaglist|Armenia}}''' 
|Asia||
|- id="Z"
| [[Zagreb]] || '''{{CRO}}''' 
|Europe||
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of countries with multiple capitals]]
* [[List of purpose-built national capitals]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of countries|Capitals, National]]
[[Category:Lists of capitals| Alphabetical]]