View source for Kafr Qud

{{About|the village in Palestine|the Lebanese village|Kfar Quq|}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Kafr Qud
| translit_lang1          = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type     = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info     = كفر قود
| translit_lang1_type1    = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| translit_lang1_info1    = Kafr Qad (official)
| type                    = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type D (Village council)]]
| image_skyline           = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = Palestine
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Kafr Qud within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
| image_map               = 
| map_caption             = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|32|27|26|N|35|13|38|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 171/207
| subdivision_type        = State
| subdivision_name        = [[State of Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Jenin Governorate|Jenin]]
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        = 
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Village council]] 
| leader_title            = 
| leader_name             = 
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| area_total_dunam        = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_footnotes    = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total        = 1,553
| population_as_of        = 2017
| population_note         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1         = The village of Qud<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/147/mode/1up 147]</ref>
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Kafr Qud''' ({{langx|ar|كفر قود}}, also spelled '''Kafr Qad''') is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village in the [[Jenin Governorate]] in the northern [[West Bank]], located west of [[Jenin]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) census, it had a population of 1,143 in 2007 and 1,553 in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /><ref name="PCBS">[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf#page=105 2007 PCBS Census] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081942/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf |date=2010-12-10 }}. [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]. p. 105.</ref>

==History==
The village is situated on an ancient site, with [[cistern]]s cut out of rock, and old stones reused in housing.<ref name=Dauphin751>Dauphin, 1998, p. 751</ref>

Pottery [[sherd]]s from the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]],<ref name=Zertal100>Zertal, 2004, p.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA100 100]</ref> [[Hellenistic period|Hellenistic]],<ref name=Zertal100/> early and late [[Roman Empire|Roman]],<ref name=Zertal100/> [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]],<ref name=Dauphin751/><ref name=Zertal100/> early [[Muslim]]<ref name=Zertal100/> and Medieval<ref name=Zertal100/> eras have been found here.

===Ottoman era===
Kafr Qud, like the rest of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517, and in the [[daftar|census]] of 1596, the village appeared as "Kafr Qud" in the ''[[nahiya]]'' of Jabal Sami in the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa]]'' of [[Nablus Sanjak|Nablus]]. It had a population of 19 households and 5 bachelors, all [[Muslim]].  The villagers paid a fixed tax-tare of 33.3% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,567 [[akçe]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 128</ref>

[[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] identified Kafr Qud with "Caparcotia" when he passed by in June 1838,<ref name="Zertal99"/><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n175/mode/1up 158]</ref><ref>Robinson, 1856, p. [https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre02smitgoog#page/n161/mode/1up 121]</ref> part of the ''esh–Sha'rawiyeh esh–Shurkiyeh'' District.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd Appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/129/mode/1up 129]</ref>

On 14 June 1870 [[Victor Guérin]] noted that Kafr Qud was "hidden in the mountains with groves of olives and fig trees ... and very probably the place is Caparcotani of [[Ptolemy]] and the [[Tabula Peutingeriana|Peutinger map]]." He estimated the population to be 300.<ref>Guerin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n249/mode/1up  224]</ref>

In 1870/1871 (1288 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]), an Ottoman census listed the village in the ''[[Nahiyah|nahiya]]'' (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Sharqiyya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=254}}</ref>

In 1882 the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s [[PEF Survey of Palestine|''Survey of Western Palestine'']] described Kafr Qud as a "good-sized village in a recess among the hills.”<ref name="Zertal100" /><ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/47/mode/1up 47]</ref>

===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]], conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Kufr Qud had a population of 161; 153 Muslims and 8 Christians,<ref name=Census1922a>Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n32/mode/1up  30]</ref> where the Christians were all Orthodox.<ref name=Census1922b>Barron, 1923, Table XV,  p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n49/mode/1up  47]</ref> This was almost unchanged in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]], when Kafr Qud had 41 occupied houses and a population of 162; 9 Christians and the rest Muslim.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas  70]</ref>

In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]], the population was 250; 240 Muslims and 10 Christians,<ref name=DoS1945>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p16.jpg 16] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905203337/http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p16.jpg |date=2018-09-05 }}</ref> with 5463 [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jinin/Page-054.jpg 54]</ref> 908 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,170 dunams for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jinin/Page-099.jpg 99]</ref> while 14 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jinin/Page-149.jpg 149]</ref>

===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Kafr Qud  came under [[Jordan]]ian rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexed by Jordan]] in 1950.

In 1961, the population was 362 persons.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p25.pdf 25]</ref>

===Post-1967===
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Kafr Qud has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]]. The population ''Kafar Qud'' in the 1967 census conducted by Israel was 374, of whom 110 originated from the Israeli territory.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |access-date=25 January 2018 }}</ref>

{{see also|Israel–Hamas war|Israeli incursions in the West Bank during the Israel–Hamas war}}
On 6 August 2024, three Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces during a raid in the village.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=Number of Palestinians killed in Israeli attacks on West Bank rises|url=https://aje.io/p0wtaz?update=3100202|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref>

==Geography==
Kafr Qud is situated in the northern [[Sahl Arraba]] on narrow ravine below the Jabal Shibli mountain to the north. It has an average elevation of 330 meters above sea level. The Bir al-Balad (also known as "Bir Kafr Qud") spring inside the village serves as the closest source of water. It is located south of the road connecting [[al-Hashimiya, Jenin|al-Hashimiya]] with Jenin,<ref name="Zertal99">Zertal, 2004, p.  [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA99  99]</ref> and nearby localities include the former to the northwest, [[Kufeirit]] to the southwest, [[al-Manshiyya, Jenin|al-Manshiyya]] to the south and [[Burqin, Palestine|Burqin]] to the east.

The ancient site in the middle of Kafr Qud is small and surrounded by a [[gully]] near the Bir al-Balad spring. Most of the modern housing was built east of the site, although ancient building material is highly present in some walls. In 1979 the built-up area of the village amounted to roughly 15 [[dunam]]s.<ref name="Zertal99"/>

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922   |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book |last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr|isbn= 0-860549-05-4}}  
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}   
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} 
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last1=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah | title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book|editor = Mills, E.|title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}  
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}} 
*{{cite book|last=Zertal|first=A.|author-link=Adam Zertal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey|volume=1|location=Boston|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|isbn=9004137564}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Kafr_Qud_1268/index.html Welcome To Kafr Qud]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 8:   [https://web.archive.org/web/20141015091439/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8389  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.08.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Jenin Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Jenin Governorate]]
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]