View source for Hamadryas baboon

{{Short description|Species of baboon}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Hamadryas baboon
| image = Papio hamadryas pair.jpg
| image_caption = Female (left) and male (right)
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>Gippoliti 2019</ref>
| genus = Papio
| species = hamadryas<ref name=msw3>Groves 2005</ref>
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])<ref>{{cite book|last=Linnaeus|first=Carl|title=Systema naturæ. Regnum animale.|year=1758|page=27|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/80764#page/37/mode/1up|edition=10th|access-date=19 November 2012|publisher=Sumptibus Guilielmi Engelmann}}</ref> 
| range_map = Hamadryas Baboon area.png
| range_map_caption =
| synonyms = ''Simia hamadryas'' <small>Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758</small>
}}

The '''hamadryas baboon''' ('''''Papio hamadryas''''' {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|æ|m|ə|ˈ|d|r|aɪ|.|ə|s}};<ref>{{cite Collins Dictionary|hamadryas baboon}}</ref> {{langx|ti|ጋውና}} gawina;<ref name= "Aerts2019">Aerts 2019</ref> {{langx|ar|الرُبَّاح}}, Al Robah)  is a species of [[baboon]] within the [[Old World monkey]] family. It is the northernmost of all the baboons, being native to the [[Horn of Africa]] and the southwestern region of the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. These regions provide habitats with the advantage for this species of fewer natural predators than central or southern Africa where other baboons reside. The hamadryas baboon was a sacred animal to the [[ancient Egypt]]ians and appears in various roles in [[ancient Egyptian religion]], hence its alternative name of 'sacred baboon'.<ref name=":0">Swedell 2015</ref>

==Description==
Apart from the striking [[Sexual dimorphism in non-human primates|sexual dimorphism]] (males are nearly twice as large as females, which is common to most baboons)<ref name=":0" /> this species also shows differences in coloration among adults. Adult males have a pronounced cape (mane and mantle), silver-white in color, which they develop around the age of ten, while the females are capeless and brown all over. Their faces range in color from reddish to tan to a dark brown.<ref>Butynski 2013</ref>

Males may have a body measurement of up to {{cvt|80|cm}} and weigh {{cvt|20|-|30|kg}}; females weigh {{cvt|10|-|15|kg}} and have a body length of {{cvt|40|-|45|cm}}.<ref name=waza>{{cite web|title=Sacred Baboon (Papio hamadryas)|url=http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/primates-1254385523/monkeys-1254385523/papio-hamadryas|publisher=World Association of Zoos and Aquariums|access-date=4 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721051716/http://www.waza.org/en/zoo/visit-the-zoo/primates-1254385523/monkeys-1254385523/papio-hamadryas|archive-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The tail adds a further {{cvt|40|-|60|cm}} to the length, and ends in a small tuft. Infants are very dark brown or black in coloration and lighten after about one year. Hamadryas baboons reach sexual maturity at about four years for females and between five and seven years for males.<ref>Rowe, Noel. The Pictorial Guide to Living Primates, Pogonias Press (Charlestown, Rhode Island: 1996)</ref>

==Behaviour and ecology==
[[File:Papio hamadryas eating an apple.JPG|thumb|The hamadryas baboon eats fruit in captivity, although it is not a regular part of its diet in the wild]]
The hamadryas baboon's range extends from the [[Red Sea]] in [[Eritrea]] to [[Ethiopia]],<ref name= "Aerts2019"/> [[Djibouti]] and [[Somalia]]. It is also native to the [[Sarawat Mountains]] of southwestern [[Arabia]], in both [[Yemen]] and [[Saudi Arabia]]. It is [[local extinction|locally extinct]] in [[Egypt]].<ref name=iucn/><ref name="Teller_2012">Teller 2012</ref> The hamadryas baboon lives in arid areas, savannas, and rocky areas, requiring cliffs for sleeping and finding water. Like all baboons, the hamadryas baboon is [[omnivorous]] and is adapted to its relatively dry habitat. During the wet seasons, the baboon feeds on a variety of foods, including blossoms, seeds, grasses, wild roots, bark and leaves from acacia trees.<ref name = "Swedell 2002:b">Swedell 2002:b</ref> During the dry season, the baboons eat leaves of the ''[[Dobera glabra]]'' and [[sisal]] leaves. Hamadryas baboons also eat insects, spiders, worms, scorpions, reptiles, birds, and small mammals, including [[antelope]].<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/>

The baboon's drinking activities also depend on the season. During the wet seasons, the baboon do not have to go far to find pools of water. During the dry seasons, they frequent up to three permanent waterholes.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/> Baboons rest at the waterholes during midafternoon and also dig drinking holes only a short distance from natural waterholes.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/>

===Group organization===
[[File:Hamadryas harems.jpg|thumb|Hamadryas harems together]]
The hamadryas baboon has an unusual four-level social system called a multilevel society. Most social interaction occurs within small groups called one-male units or [[Harem (zoology)|harem]]s containing one male and up to 10 females, which the males lead and guard. A harem often includes a younger "follower" male that may be related to the leader.<ref name="Kummer, 1968">Kummer, 1968</ref><ref name="Swedell 2006"/><ref name="Stammbach, 1987">Stammbach, 1987</ref> Two or more harems unite repeatedly to form clans.<ref>Schreier and Swedell 2009</ref> Within clans, males are close relatives of one another<ref name="Städele 731–744">Städele, Pines, Swedell, and Vigilant 2016</ref> and have an age-related dominance hierarchy.<ref name="Sigg and Stolba et al. 1982"/><ref name="Abegglen, 1984">Abegglen, 1984</ref> Bands are the next level. Two to four clans form bands of up to 400 individuals which usually travel and sleep as a group.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Swedell 2006"/><ref name="Abegglen, 1984"/> Males rarely leave their bands, and females are occasionally transferred or traded between bands by males.<ref>Swedell, Saunders, Schreier, Davis, Tesfaye, and Pines 2011</ref> Bands may fight with one another over food or territory, and the adult male leaders of the units are the usual combatants.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/> Bands also contain solitary males that are not harem leaders or followers and move freely within the band.<ref>Pines, Saunders, and Swedell 2011</ref> Several bands may come together to form a troop, usually at sleeping cliffs.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Swedell 2006"/><ref name="Abegglen, 1984"/>

===Group behavior===
[[File:Fellpflege bei Mantelpavianen.JPG|thumb|Pair grooming]]
The hamadryas baboon is unusual among baboon and macaque species in that its society is strictly [[Patriarchy|patriarchal]].<ref name="Swedell 2002"/> The males limit the movements of the females, herding them with visual threats and grabbing or biting any that wander too far away.<ref name="Swedell and Schreier 2009">Swedell and Schreier 2009</ref> Males sometimes raid harems for females, resulting in aggressive fights. Many males succeed in taking a female from another's harem, called a "takeover".<ref name="Swedell 2006">Swedell 2006</ref><ref name="Swedell and Schreier 2009"/><ref name="Swedell and Tesfaye 2003">Swedell and Tesfaye</ref> Visual threats are usually accompanied by these aggressive fights. This would include a quick flashing of the eyelids accompanied by a yawn to show off the teeth. As in many species, infant baboons are taken by the males as hostages during fights. However, males within the same clan tend to be related and respect the social bonds of their kin.<ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/><ref>Städele, Van Doren, Pines, Swedell, and Vigilant 2015</ref> In addition, females demonstrate definite preferences for certain males, and rival males heed these preferences.<ref name="Kummer 2001"/> The less a female favors her harem males, the more likely she will be successfully taken by a rival.<ref name="Kummer 2001"/> Young males, often "follower" males, may start their own harems by maneuvering immature females into following them.<ref name="Kummer 2001">Kummer 2001</ref> The male may also abduct a young female by force.<ref name="Kummer 2001"/> Either way, the male will [[Mating|mate]] with the female when she matures. Aging males often lose their females to followers and soon lose weight and their hair color changes to brown like a female.<ref name="Kummer 2001"/> While males in most other baboon species are transferred away from their male relatives and into different troops, male hamadryas baboons remain in their natal clans or bands and have associations with their male kin.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/>

Hamadryas baboons have traditionally been thought of having a female transfer society with females being moved away from their relatives of the same sex.<ref name="Sigg and Stolba et al. 1982">Sigg and Stolba et al. 1982</ref> However, later studies show female baboons retain close associations with at least some female kin.<ref name="Swedell 2002">Swedell 2002</ref><ref name="Städele 731–744"/> Females can spend about as much time with other females as they do with the harem males, and some females will even interact with each other outside of their harems.<ref name="Swedell 2002"/> In addition, it is not uncommon for females of the same natal group to end up in the same harem.<ref name="Swedell 2002"/><ref name="Städele 731–744"/> Females can still associate and help their extended families despite their interactions being controlled by the harem males.<ref name="Swedell 2002"/>

Females within a harem do not display any dominance relationships as seen in many other baboon and macaque species. The harem males suppress aggression between the females and prevent any dominance hierarchies from arising.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/> Despite this, some social differences between the females occur. Some females are more socially active and have a stronger social bond with the harem male. These females, known as the "central females", stay in closer proximity to the harem male than the other females.<ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/> Females that spend most of their time farther from the harem male are called "peripheral females".<ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/>

===Reproduction and parenting===
[[Image:Baviaan2.JPG|thumb|Male, female and infant]]
Like other baboons, the hamadryas baboon breeds aseasonally. The dominant male of a one-male unit does most of the mating, though other males may occasionally sneak in copulations, as well.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/><ref name="Stammbach, 1987"/><ref name="Sigg and Stolba et al. 1982"/><ref>Swedell and Saunders 2006</ref> Females do most of the parenting. They nurse and groom the infant and one female in a unit may groom an infant that is not hers. Like all baboons, hamadryas baboons are intrigued by infants and give much attention to them. Dominant male baboons prevent other males from coming into close contact with their infants. They also protect the young from predators. The dominant male tolerates the young and will carry and play with them.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/> When a new male takes over a female, she develops sexual swellings which may be an adaptation that functions to prevent the new male from killing the offspring of the previous male.<ref>Amann, Pines, and Swedell 2017</ref><ref>Zinner, D., T. Deschner, 2000.</ref> When males reach puberty, they show a playful interest in young infants.<ref name="Kummer, 1968"/> They will kidnap the infants by luring them away from their harems and inviting them to ride on their backs. This is more often done by "follower" males. This kidnapping can lead to dehydration or starvation for the infant.<ref name="Swedell and Tesfaye 2003"/> The harem leader would retrieve the infants from their kidnappers, which is mostly an act to protect their offspring.<ref name="Swedell and Tesfaye 2003"/>

=== Thermoregulation ===
Because [[bipedalism]] is thought to help reduce thermoregulatory stress, research has investigated how baboons deal with water restriction and thermal loads as [[quadrupeds]].<ref name=":1">Mitchell, Fuller, and Maloney 2009</ref> Using implanted data loggers and simulated desert conditions, researchers found baboon internal temperatures increased significantly with water deprivation.<ref name=":1" /> When water was given to baboons, their internal temperatures dropped quickly.<ref name=":1" /> Therefore, it seems that access to water helps baboons maintain [[homeothermy]] and that water restrictions are a major threat to this species.<ref name=":1" /> However, baboons can maintain their plasma volume during water deprivation due to an increase in blood [[colloid osmotic pressure]] (COP).<ref name=":2">Zurovsky, Shkolnik, and Ovadia 1984</ref> Hamadryas baboons do this by increasing [[albumin]] synthesis.<ref name=":2" /> This helps baboons retain fluids when their bodies are experiencing dehydration.

==In culture==
[[File:Thoth-baboon-British-Museum.jpg|thumb|upright|Depiction of a hamadryas baboon as the god Thoth ({{circa|1400 BC}}), in the [[British Museum]]]]
Hamadryas baboons often appear in [[Art of ancient Egypt|ancient Egyptian art]], as they were considered sacred to [[Thoth]],<ref name="Teller_2012"/> a major and powerful deity with many roles that included being the scribe of the gods. Astennu, attendant to Thoth, is represented as a hamadryas in his roles as recorder of the result of the [[Weighing of the Heart]] and as one of the four hamadryas baboons guarding the lake of fire in [[Duat]], the ancient Egyptian underworld. A [[Prehistoric Egypt|predynastic]] precursor to Astennu was [[Babi (mythology)|Babi]], or "Bull of the Baboons", a bloodthirsty god said to eat the entrails of the unrighteous dead. Babi was also said to give the righteous dead continued virility, and to use his penis as the mast of a boat to convey them to the Egyptian paradise.

Sometimes, Thoth himself appears in the form of a hamadryas (often shown carrying the moon on his head), as an alternative to his more common representation as an [[ibis]]-headed figure. [[Hapi (Son of Horus)|Hapi]], one of the [[Four Sons of Horus]] that guarded the organs of the deceased in ancient Egyptian religion, is also represented as hamadryas-headed; Hapi protected the lungs, hence the common sculpting of a stone or clay hamadryas head as the lid of the [[canopic jar]] that held the lungs and/or represented the protection of the lungs. Hamadryas baboons were revered because certain behaviors that they perform were seen as worshiping the sun.<ref name="Teller_2012" />

===Modern art===
The ''Grand Babouin sacré "hamadryas"'' is among [[Rembrandt Bugatti]]'s most celebrated sculptures.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2015/impressionist-modern-art-evening-sale-n09340/lot.65.html |title=Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale / Lot 65 |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Sotheby's |access-date=3 November 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.art.salon/artwork/rembrandt-bugatti_babouin-sacre-hamadryas_AID264225 |title=
Rembrandt Bugatti Babouin Sacré Hamadryas |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 5 May 2015|website=Art.Salon |access-date=3 November 2023 }}</ref>

[[File:Paviane Papio hamadryas Tierpark Hellabrunn-18.jpg|thumb|upright|Captive male at [[Tierpark Hellabrunn]], [[Germany]]]]

==Threats and conservation==
Transformation of field and pastureland represents the main threat to the hamadryas baboon; its only natural predators are the [[striped hyena]], [[spotted hyena]], and a diminishing number of [[African leopard]]s that can still be found in the same area of distribution. The [[IUCN Red List]] listed this species as "least concern" in 2008.<ref name=iucn/> No major range-wide threats exist at present, although locally it may be at risk through loss of habitat due to major [[agricultural expansion]] and irrigation projects.<ref name=iucn/> The species occurs in the proposed [[Yangudi Rassa National Park]], the [[Harar Wildlife Sanctuary]], and a number of wildlife reserves in the lower Awash valley and in northern Eritrea.<ref name=iucn/>
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Cited sources===
*{{Cite book |last=Abegglen  |first=J. J.  |title=On Socialization in Hamadryas Baboons |publisher=Blackwell University Press |year=1984 |isbn=978-0838750179}}
*{{cite book |last1=Aerts |first1=Raf |title=Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Nyssen J., Jacob, M., Frankl, A. (Eds.). Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District |date=2019 |publisher=SpringerNature |isbn=978-3-030-04954-6 |url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030049546 |access-date=18 June 2019}}
*{{Cite journal|last1=Amann|first1=Alexis L.|last2=Pines|first2=Mathew|last3=Swedell|first3=Larissa|date= 2017 |title=Contexts and consequences of takeovers in Hamadryas baboons: Female parity, reproductive state, and observational evidence of pregnancy loss|journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=79 |issue=7 |page=e22649 |doi=10.1002/ajp.22649|pmid=28395395|doi-access=}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Mammals of Africa |last=Butynski |first=T. |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2013 |pages=221–224}}
*{{cite iucn |title=''Papio hamadryas'' |author=Gippoliti, S. |date=2019 |page=e.T16019A17953082 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T16019A17953082.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}
*{{MSW3 Groves|pages=166–167|id=12100586|heading=Species ''Papio hamadryas''}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kummer |first=H. |title=Social Organisation of Hamadryas Baboons. A Field Study |publisher=Karger, and University Press |year=1968 |location=Basel and Chicago |isbn=978-3-8055-0286-3}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kummer |first=H. |title=The Encyclopedia of Mammals |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |editor-last=MacDonald |editor-first=D. |edition=2nd |pages=376–377 |chapter=A Male Dominated Society: The Hamadryas Baboon of Cone Rock, Ethiopia |isbn=9780816042678}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=Duncan |last2=Fuller |first2=Andrea |last3=Maloney |first3=Shane K. |date=2009-05-01 |title=Homeothermy and primate bipedalism: Is water shortage or solar radiation the main threat to baboon (Papio hamadryas) homeothermy? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248409000396 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=439–446 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.03.003 |pmid=19394679 |issn=0047-2484}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Pines |first1=Mathew |last2=Saunders |first2=Julian |last3=Swedell |first3=Larissa |date=2011 |title=Alternative routes to the leader male role in a multilevel society: follower vs. solitary male strategies and outcomes in Hamadryas baboons |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=73|issue=7|pages=679–691 |doi=10.1002/ajp.20951 |pmid=21433048|s2cid=23157894}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Schreier  |first1=A. |last2=Swedell |first2=L. |year=2009 |title=The Fourth Level of Social Structure in a Multi-Level Society: Ecological and Social Functions of Clans in Hamadryas Baboons |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=71 |issue=11 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.1002/ajp.20736|pmid=19670312 |s2cid=205329272 |doi-access=free }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Sigg |first1=H |last2=Stolba |first2=A |last3=Abegglen |first3=JJ |last4=Dasser |first4=V |year=1982 |title=Life history of hamadryas baboons: Physical development, infant mortality, reproductive parameters and family relationships |journal=Primates |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=473–487 |doi=10.1007/BF02373959|s2cid=43216549 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Stammbach |first=E |title=Primate societies |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1987 |editor-last=Smuts |editor-first=B |pages=112–120 |chapter=Desert, forest, and mountain baboons: Multilevel societies |editor-last2=Cheney |editor-first2=D |editor-last3=Seyfarth |editor-first3=R |editor-last4=Wrangham |editor-first4=R |isbn=0226767167}}
*{{Cite journal|title=Fine-scale genetic assessment of sex-specific dispersal patterns in a multilevel primate society|pages=103–113 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=78|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.019|pmid=25466516|date=2015 |last1=Städele |first1=Veronika|last2=Van Doren |first2=Vanessa |last3=Pines |first3=Mathew |last4=Swedell |first4=Larissa|last5=Vigilant|first5=Linda}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Städele |first1=Veronika |last2=Pines |first2=Mathew |last3=Swedell |first3=Larissa |last4=Vigilant|first4=Linda|date=2016 |title=The ties that bind: Maternal kin bias in a multilevel primate society despite natal dispersal by both sexes: Maternal Kin Bias in Hamadryas Baboons |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=78|issue=7|pages=731–744 |doi=10.1002/ajp.22537 |pmid=26890431|s2cid=3809679|doi-access=}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Swedell |first=L |year=2002 |title=Affiliation among females in wild hamadryas baboons (''Papio hamadryas hamadryas'') |journal=International Journal of Primatology |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=1205–1226 |doi=10.1023/A:1021170703006|s2cid=8928750 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Swedell |first=L |date=2002b |title=Ranging Behavior, Group Size and Behavioral Flexibility in Ethiopian Hamadryas Baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) |journal=Folia Primatol |volume=73 |issue=2–3 |pages=95–103 |doi=10.1159/000064787|pmid=12207056 |s2cid=46813558 |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1372&context=qc_pubs }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Swedell |first1=L |last2=Tesfaye  |first2=T |date=2003 |title=Infant Mortality After Takeovers in Wild Ethiopian Hamadryas Baboons |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.1002/ajp.10096|pmid=12874842 |s2cid=19252971 |url=https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1375&context=qc_pubs }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Swedell |first1=L |title=Reproduction and Fitness in Baboons: Behavioral, Ecological, and Life History Perspectives |last2=Saunders  |first2=J |publisher=Springer |year=2006 |editor-last=Swedell  |editor-first=L |publication-place=New York |pages=19–51 |chapter=Infant Mortality, Paternity Certainty, and Female Reproductive Strategies in Hamadryas Baboons |series=Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-33674-9 |isbn=978-0-387-30688-9 |editor-last2=Leigh  |editor-first2=SR}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Swedell |first1=Larissa |last2=Saunders |first2=Julian |last3=Schreier |first3=Amy |last4=Davis |first4=Brittany |last5=Tesfaye |first5=Teklu |last6=Pines |first6=Mathew |date=2011 |title=Female "dispersal" in Hamadryas baboons: Transfer among social units in a multilevel society |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=145|issue=3|pages=360–370 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21504 |pmid=21469076}}
*{{Cite book |last=Swedell |first=L |title=Strategies of Sex and Survival in Hamadryas Baboons: Through a Female Lens |year=2015 |publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall |doi=10.4324/9781315662671 |oclc=925332690 |isbn=9781315662671 }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Swedell  |first1=L |title=Sexual Coercion in Primates and Humans: An Evolutionary Perspective on Male Aggression Against Females |last2=Schreier |first2=A |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0674033245 |editor-last=Muller  |editor-first=MW |location=Cambridge, MA |pages=244–268 |chapter=Male aggression towards females in hamadryas baboons: Conditioning, coercion, and control |editor-last2=Wrangham  |editor-first2=RW}}
*{{cite magazine | last=Teller| first=Matthew| date=1 November 2012| title=The Happy Ones| url=http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/201206/the.happy.ones.htm| magazine=Saudi Aramco World| access-date=10 December 2018}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Zinner |first1=D |last2=Deschner |first2=T |year=2000 |title=Sexual swellings in female hamadryas baboons after male take-overs: 'Deceptive' swellings as a possible female counter-strategy against infanticideticide |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=157–168 |doi=10.1002/1098-2345(200012)52:4<157::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-L|pmid=11132110 |s2cid=24281749 }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Zurovsky |first1=Y. |last2=Shkolnik |first2=A. |last3=Ovadia |first3=M. |date=1984-09-01 |title=Conservation of blood plasma fluids in hamadryas baboons after thermal dehydration |url=https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.768 |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=768–771 |doi=10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.768 |pmid=6490462 |issn=8750-7587}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Papio_hamadryas|hamadryas baboon}}
{{Commons and category|Papio hamadryas|Papio hamadryas}}
* View the [http://pre.ensembl.org/Papio_hamadryas/Info/Index hamadryas baboon genome] in [[Ensembl]]

{{C.Cercopithecinae nav}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q189484}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Baboons|hamadryas baboon]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Horn of Africa]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1758|hamadryas baboon]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|hamadryas baboon]]
[[Category:Mammals of Djibouti]]
[[Category:Mammals of Eritrea]]
[[Category:Mammals of Ethiopia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Somalia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sudan]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Arabian Peninsula]]
[[Category:Mammals of the Middle East]]
[[Category:Primates of Asia]]