View source for German submarine U-189

{{Short description|German World War II submarine}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
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{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Nazi Germany]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''U-189''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship ordered=4 November 1940
|Ship builder=[[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]], [[Bremen]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=1035
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down =12 September 1941
|Ship launched=1 May 1942
|Ship commissioned=15 August 1942
|Ship homeport=
|Ship identification=
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=
|Ship fate=Sunk by a British aircraft, 23 April 1943
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC/40|Type IXC/40]] [[submarine]]
|Ship displacement=
*{{convert|1144|t|LT|abbr=on|lk=on}} surfaced
*{{convert|1257|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length=
*{{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]
*{{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[pressure hull]]
|Ship beam=
*{{convert|6.86|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a
*{{convert|4.44|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
|Ship height={{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|4.67|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=
*{{convert|4400|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)
*{{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1|abbr=on}} (electric)
|Ship propulsion=
*2 shafts
*2 × [[diesel engine]]s
*2 × [[Motor-generator|electric motors]]
|Ship speed=
*{{convert|18.3|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
|Ship range=
*{{convert|13850|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced
*{{convert|63|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement=4 officers, 44 enlisted
|Ship armament=
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (4 bow, 2 stern)
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*1 × [[10.5&nbsp;cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/32]] [[deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × [[3.7&nbsp;cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] AA gun
*1 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30]] AA guns
|Ship notes=
}}
{{infobox service record
|is_ship=yes
|label=Service record<ref name="uboatnet">{{Cite web
 |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u189.htm
 |title=The Type IXC/40 boat U-189
 |last=Helgason
 |first=Guðmundur
 |website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
 |access-date=23 July 2012
}}</ref>
|partof=
*[[4th U-boat Flotilla]]
*15 August 1942 – 1 April 1943
*[[2nd U-boat Flotilla]]
*1 – 23 April 1943 
|codes=M 49 106
|commanders=
*''[[K.Kapt.]]'' Hellmut Kurrer
*15 August 1942 – 23 April 1943
|operations=*1 patrol:
*3 – 23 April 1943 
|victories=None
}}
|}

'''German submarine ''U-189''''' was a [[German Type IX submarine|Type IXC/40]] [[U-boat]] of [[Nazi Germany]]'s ''[[Kriegsmarine]]'' built for service during [[World War II]].
Her keel was [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 12 September 1941 by ''[[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]]'' in [[Bremen]] as yard number 1035. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 1 May 1942 and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 15 August with ''[[Korvettenkapitän]]'' Hellmut Kurrer in command.

The U-boat's service began with training as part of the [[4th U-boat Flotilla]]. She then moved to the [[2nd U-boat Flotilla|2nd flotilla]] on 1 April 1943 for operations.

She was sunk by a British aircraft on 23 April 1943.

==Design==
[[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC/40|German Type IXC/40 submarines]] were slightly larger than the original [[German Type IX submarine#Type IXC|Type IXC]]s. ''U-189'' had a displacement of {{convert|1144|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1257|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.86|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.67|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, nine-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.3|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}} When submerged, the boat could operate for {{convert|63|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|13850|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-189'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [[torpedo]]es, one [[10.5&nbsp;cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a [[3.7&nbsp;cm SK C/30|{{convert|3.7|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} SK C/30]] as well as a [[2 cm FlaK 30|{{convert|2|cm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} C/30]] anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1991|p=68}}

==Service history==

===Patrol and loss===
''U-189''{{'}}s patrol took her from [[Kiel]] on 3 April 1943, across the [[North Sea]] and into the Atlantic Ocean through the 'gap' between [[Greenland]] and [[Iceland]].

She was sunk east of [[Cape Farewell, Greenland|Cape Farewell]] (Greenland) by [[depth charge]]s dropped by a British [[Consolidated Liberator|Liberator]] on 23 April 1943. Fifty-four men were killed; leaving no survivors.

The pilot of the Liberator reported the sinking and about 50 men in the water, but received the answer that no ships would be made available for rescue. All were left to perish in the ice cold sea and 54 in total died.

===Wolfpacks===
''U-189'' took part in one [[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]], namely:
* Meise (21 – 23 April 1943)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | last1 = Busch | first1 = Rainer | last2 = Röll | first2 = Hans-Joachim | translator-last = Brooks | translator-first = Geoffrey | title = German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary | publisher = Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press | location = London, Annapolis, Md | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-55750-186-6 }}
*{{cite book
|last1=Busch
|first1=Rainer
|last2=Röll
|first2=Hans-Joachim
|title=Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945
|trans-title=German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945
|series=Der U-Boot-Krieg
|volume=IV
|publisher=Mittler
|location=Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn
|year=1999
|isbn=3-8132-0514-2
|language=de

}}
*{{cite book
|last1=Gröner
|first1=Erich
|last2=Jung
|first2=Dieter
|last3=Maass
|first3=Martin
|translator-last1=Thomas
|translator-first1=Keith
|translator-last2=Magowan
|translator-first2=Rachel
|year=1991
|title=U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels
|volume=2
|series=German Warships 1815–1945
|location=London
|publisher=Conway Maritime Press
|isbn=0-85177-593-4
|ref=CITEREFGröner1991
}}

{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web
 |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u189.htm
 |title=The Type IXC/40 boat U-189
 |last=Helgason
 |first=Guðmundur
 |website=German U-boats of WWII – uboat.net
 |access-date=7 December 2014
}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0189.html
|title=''U 189''
|last=Hofmann
|first=Markus
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 – u-boot-archiv.de
|language=de
|access-date=30 January 2015
}}

{{German Type IXC/40 submarines}}
{{April 1943 shipwrecks}}

{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:U0189}}
[[Category:World War II submarines of Germany]]
[[Category:German Type IX submarines]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:U-boats commissioned in 1942]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk in 1943]]
[[Category:Submarines lost with all hands]]
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk by depth charges]]
[[Category:U-boats sunk by British aircraft]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in April 1943]]