View source for Crimean Astrophysical Observatory

{{Short description|Astrophysical observatory near Bakhchysarai, Crimea}}
{{Redirect|CrAO|the eye disease|Central retinal artery occlusion}}
{{Infobox Observatory
|name            = Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
|background      = 
|image           = [[File:Crimean Astrophyscial Observatory new logo.png|260px]]
|caption         = The observatory's logo
|organization    = 
|location        = near [[Nauchnyi]], [[Crimea]]
|coords          = {{coord|44|43|36|N|34|0|57.1|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display=inline,title}}
|altitude        = 
|weather         = 
|established     = 
|website         = {{URL|http://crao.ru/ru/}}
|telescope1_name = TST-1
|telescope1_type = [[Solar telescope]]
|telescope2_name = TST-2
|telescope2_type = Solar telescope
|telescope3_name = Shain telescope
|telescope3_type = 2.6-metre telescope
|telescope4_name = AZT-11
|telescope4_type = reflector
|telescope5_name = 1.22-m
|telescope5_type = [[Astrophysical Institute Potsdam#Developments after the Second World War|Babelsberg telescope]]
|telescope6_name = AZT-8
|telescope6_type = reflector
}}

{| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size: 0.9em; width: 270px;"
|+ [[Minor planet]]s discovered: 14&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-Discoverers" />
|-
| ''see {{section link||List of discovered minor planets}}''
|}

The '''Crimean Astrophysical Observatory''' ('''CrAO''', [[List of observatory codes|obs.&thinsp;code]]: [[IAU code#095|095]]) is located at Nauchnij research campus, near the Central Crimean city of [[Bakhchysarai]], on the [[Crimea]]n peninsula. CrAO is often called simply by its location and campus name, '''Crimea–Nauchnij''', still ranks among the worldwide most prolific discovery sites for [[minor planet]]s.<ref name="MPC-Top-Discovery Sites" />

CrAO has also been publishing the ''Bulletin of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory'' since 1947, in English since 1977. The observatory facilities ([[IAU code]] 095) are located on territory of settlement of [[Nauchnyi]] since the mid-1950s; before that, they were further south, near [[Simeiz]]. The latter facilities still see some use, and are referred to as the [[Simeiz Observatory|Crimean Astrophysical Observatory–Simeiz]] (IAU code 094).

==Observatory leaders==
* 1945–1952: [[Grigory Shajn]] - head of construction, the first director of the Observatory at Nauchny.
* 1952–1987: [[Andrei Severny (astronomer)|Andrei Severny]].
* 1987–2005: Nikolai Steshenko.<ref>[http://www.astronet.ru/db/msg/1220086 Стешенко Николай Владимирович], Астронет</ref><ref>[http://www.whoiswho.crimea.ua/view_person.php?record=7138 СТЕШЕНКО Николай Владимирович] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312235134/http://whoiswho.crimea.ua/view_person.php?record=7138 |date=2016-03-12 }}, Кто есть кто в Крыму</ref>
* 2005 – present: Alla Rostopchina-Shakhovskaya (Romanova).<ref>[http://www.ksu.ru/anketa200/a200_form.phtml?nom=587 Ростопчина-шаховская (Романова) Алла Николаевна] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108151001/http://old.kpfu.ru/anketa200/a200_form.phtml?nom=587 |date=2019-01-08 }}, Анкета выпускника Казанского ГУ</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://crao.ru/ru/o-nas/administratsiya |title=Администрация КРАО |access-date=2019-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003025304/http://crao.ru/ru/o-nas/administratsiya |archive-date=2019-10-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== List of discovered minor planets ==
{{See also|Category:Discoveries by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory}}

As of 2016, the [[Minor Planet Center]] (MPC) gives a total of 1286 numbered minor planets that were discovered at the ''Crimea–Nauchnij'' observatory site during 1966–2007.<ref name="MPC-Top-Discovery Sites" /> Most of these discovery are credited to the Russian/Soviet astronomers [[Tamara Smirnova]], [[Lyudmila Chernykh]], [[Nikolai Chernykh]], [[Lyudmila Zhuravleva]], [[Bella A. Burnasheva]], [[Nikolaj Efimovič Kuročkin]], [[Lyudmila Karachkina]], [[Natalʹja Vitalʹevna Metlova]] and [[Galina Ričardovna Kastelʹ]]. As a peculiarity, British astronomer and long-time MPC director [[Brian G. Marsden]] is also credited with the co-discovery of [[37556 Svyaztie]] at Nauchnij in 1982, as a symbolic gesture of the astronomical collaborations and friendships between the East and the West during the Cold War.<ref name="springer-Svyaztie" />

The MPC also credits the discovery of the following minor planets directly to the observatory (rather than to one of the above listed astronomers):<ref name="MPC-Discoverers" />

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 89%; float: left; width: 25em; margin-right: 1em; line-height: 1.65em !important; height: 205px;"
|-
| [[2094 Magnitka]] || 12 October 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|2094|list}}}}
|-
| [[2163 Korczak]] || 16 September 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|2163|list}}}}
|-
| [[2170 Byelorussia]] || 16 September 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|2170|list}}}}
|-
| [[2406 Orelskaya]] || 20 August 1966|| {{small|{{LoMP|2406|list}}}}
|-
| [[2698 Azerbajdzhan]] || 11 October 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|2698|list}}}}
|-
| [[2949 Kaverznev]] || 9 August 1970|| {{small|{{LoMP|2949|list}}}}
|-
| [[4004 Listʹev]] || 16 September 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|4004|list}}}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 89%; float: left; width: 25em; margin-right: 1em; line-height: 1.65em !important; height: 205px;"
|-
| [[4466 Abai]] || 23 September 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|4466|list}}}}
|-
| [[4916 Brumberg]] || 10 August 1970|| {{small|{{LoMP|4916|list}}}}
|-
| [[4917 Yurilvovia]] || 28 September 1973|| {{small|{{LoMP|4917|list}}}}
|-
| [[5706 Finkelstein]] || 23 September 1971|| {{small|{{LoMP|5706|list}}}}
|-
| [[18284 Tsereteli]] || 10 August 1970|| {{small|{{LoMP|18284|list}}}}
|-
| [[109573 Mishasmirnov]] || 20 August 2001|| {{small|{{LoMP|109573|list}}}}
|-
| {{mp|(364566) 2007 PM|8}} || 10 August 2007|| {{small|{{LoMP|364566|list}}}}
|}
{{clear}}

== Gallery ==
[[File:Nauchny and CrAO-Crimea Ukraine.jpg|thumb|center|600px|A view to the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and Nauchnij from the nearby place called "Скалы" ("The Rocks"). Observatory domes seen above the line of horizon are (from left to right) 2.6-m ZTSH [[telescope]], 1.25-m AZT-11 [[telescope]], and BST-1 [[Solar telescope]].]]

{{multiple image
 |direction = horizontal
 |align     = center
 |width1    = 222
 |width2    = 125
 |width3    = 112
 |width4    = 222
 |image1    = CraO main telescope.jpg
 |image2    = Babelsberg telescope.jpg
 |image3    = BST1-CrAO Crimea Ukraine.JPG
 |image4    = Rally for the rescue of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.jpg
 |footer    = The large optical 2.6-metre Shajn telescope is named after [[Grigory Abramovich Shajn|Grigory Shajn]] ''(left)''; The 122-cm [[Astrophysical Institute Potsdam#Developments after the Second World War|Babelsberg telescope]] and the BST-1 [[Solar telescope]] ''(middle)''; Rally for the rescue of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in 2013 ''(right)''.
}}
{{clear}}

== See also ==
[[File:Crimean Astrophysical Observatory logo.jpg|thumb|The observatory's former logo]]
* [[List of asteroid-discovering observatories]]
* {{Section link|List of minor planet discoverers|Discovering dedicated institutions}}
* [[List of observatory codes]]
* [[Simeiz Observatory]]

== References ==
{{reflist
|refs=

<ref name="MPC-Discoverers">{{cite web
 |title=Minor Planet Discoverers (by number) 
 |work=Minor Planet Center 
 |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html
 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628153854/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=28 June 2012
 |date=14 November 2016 
 |access-date=30 November 2016 
}}</ref>

<ref name="springer-Svyaztie">{{cite book
  |title      = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (37556) Svyaztie
  |last       = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
  |publisher  = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
  |pages      = 892–893
  |date       = 2007
  |isbn       = 978-3-540-00238-3
  |doi       = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_10005 |chapter       = (37556) Svyaztie }}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Top-Discovery Sites">{{cite web
  |title      = Minor Planet Discovery Sites
  |quote      = The following table lists the total number of discoveries made at each of the most prolific discovery sites, arranged in decreasing order of number of discoveries.
  |work       = Minor Planet Center
  |url        = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscSites.html
  |date       = 16 November 2016
  |access-date = 30 November 2016}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [https://www.crao.ru/en/ CrAO's website]

{{Tourist attractions in Crimea}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Astronomical observatories built in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Crimea]]
[[Category:Discoveries by the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory|*]]
[[Category:Minor-planet discovering observatories]]