View source for Al-Attara

{{For|the village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate|'Atara}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = al-Attara
| translit_lang1     = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info = العطارة
| translit_lang1_type1 = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| translit_lang1_info1 = al-Attara (official)<br />al-’Attara (unofficial)
| type               = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type D (Village council)]]
| image_skyline      = Al Attara-89335.jpg
| image_caption      = Railway passing just south of Al-Attara in 1908
| pushpin_map        = Palestine
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of al-Attara within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
| image_map          = 
| map_caption        = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|32|19|35|N|35|09|42|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name          = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position      = 168/192
| subdivision_type   = State
| subdivision_name   = {{Flag icon|Palestine}} [[State of Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Jenin Governorate|Jenin]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 
| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type    = [[Village council (Palestinian Authority)|Village council]]
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| unit_pref          = dunam
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 
| area_total_dunam   = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_min_m    = 
| elevation_max_m    = 
| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total   = 1244
| population_as_of   = 2017
| population_note    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank_name_sec1    = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1    = 'Attara, personal name, compare [[Hebrew]]: [[Ataroth|עטרות]]<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/179/mode/1up 179]</ref>
| website            = 
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Al-Attara''' ({{langx|ar|العطارة}}) is a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] village in the [[Jenin Governorate]] of [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], in the northwestern area of the [[West Bank]], located 15 kilometers southwest of [[Jenin]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], the village had a population of 1,072 inhabitants in mid-year 2006 and 1,244 by 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /><ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx Projected Mid -Year Population for Jenin Governorate by Locality 2004- 2006] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920093125/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/populati/pop01.aspx |date=2008-09-20 }} [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]]</ref>

==History==
[[Pottery sherds]] from the late [[Roman Empire|Roman]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] and [[Bilad al-Sham|early Islamic periods]] have been found here.<ref name=Zertal>Zertal, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC&pg=PA271 271]-2</ref>

According to [[PEF Survey of Palestine|SWP]]: "This place is mentioned in the [[Eusebius#Onomasticon|Onomasticon]] (s. v. [[Atharoth]]) as a city of [[Tribe of Ephraim|Ephraim]], north of [[Sebastia, Nablus|Sebaste]], and 4 miles from it. The distance is exact."<ref name=SWP154>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/154/mode/1up 154]</ref>

In [[Crusader states|Crusader]] sources it was called ''Lathara''.<ref name=Zertal/>

In 1140, ''Ussama'', a Moslem traveller, mentioned Al-Attara together with nearby [[Silat ad-Dhahr]].<ref name=Zertal/>

In 1178, it was attacked by [[Bedouin]], but withstood the attack.<ref name=Zertal/>

===Ottoman era===
Al-Attara, like all of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], was incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517.  About 10% of the pottery sherds found in the village date back to this period.<ref name=Zertal/>  In the 1596 Ottoman [[defter|tax registers]], Al-Attara was listed as an entirely [[Muslim]] village called '''Attara'', and had a population of 12 families and 2 bachelors. It was located in the ''[[nahiya]]'' of Jabal Sami in the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa]]'' of [[Sanjak of Nablus|Nablus]]. The inhabitants paid a fixed tax rate of 33,3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, [[olive]] trees, and goats and/or beehives, in addition to occasional revenues and a tax on people from the Nablus area, a total of 5,000 [[akçe]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 129</ref>

A fortress, dating from the 16th—17th century, is visible in the centre of the village.<ref name=Zertal/>

In 1870, [[Victor Guérin]] noted it as a poor village, but one which had succeeded an ancient place.<ref>Guérin, 1875, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n239/mode/1up 214]-215</ref>

In 1870/1871 (1288 [[Anno Hegirae|AH]]), an Ottoman census listed the village in the ''[[Nahiyah|nahiya]]'' (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Gharbiyya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Grossman |first=David |title=Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine |publisher=Magnes Press |year=2004 |location=Jerusalem |pages=254}}</ref>

In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' (SWP) described Al-Attara as  "A small stone village on a spur of mountain, with a few olives and a [[water well|well]] on the west."<ref name=SWP154/>

===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Al-Attara had a population of 164 Muslims,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923,  Table XI, Sub-district of Tulkarm, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n29/mode/1up 27]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 193 Muslims, in 51 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p.[https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 53]</ref>

In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]],  the population of ''Al-Attara'' was 250 Muslims,<ref name=DoS1945>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p20.jpg 20]</ref>  with 3,844   [[dunam]]s of land according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Tulkarm/Page-074.jpg 74]</ref> Of this, 88 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,784 were used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Tulkarm/Page-124.jpg 124]</ref> while 5 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Tulkarm/Page-174.jpg 174]</ref>

===Jordanian era===
After the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] and the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Al-Attara came under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]].

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 388 inhabitants in Al-Attara.<ref>Government of Jordan, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p25.pdf 25]</ref>

===Post-1967===
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Al-Attara has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]].

==References==
{{reflist|25em}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B.  | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} 
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr04gugoog|volume=2: Samarie, pt. 2|year=1875|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} 
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2014-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}} 
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E.  | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last=Zertal|first=A.|author-link=Adam Zertal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt-IvRhCEyYC |title=The Manasseh Hill Country Survey|volume=1|location=Boston|publisher=BRILL|year=2004|isbn=9004137564}} 
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/al__Attara_992/index.html Welcome To al-'Attara]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8373 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.11.jpg Wikimedia commons]

{{Jenin Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Attara, Al-}}
[[Category:Jenin Governorate]]
[[Category:Villages in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]