View source for 21 West Street

{{Short description|Residential skyscraper in Manhattan, New York}}
{{Use American English|date = February 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = February 2020}}
{{Infobox NRHP
  | name = 21 West Street
 | image = Buildings on Washington St Feb 2020 01.jpg
 | caption = 21 West Street, with [[Downtown Athletic Club]]<br />at left, 2020
 | location = 21 [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]], New York City
  | coordinates = {{coord|40|42|23|N|74|00|56|W|display=inline,title}}
| district_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=250|frame-height=250|zoom=14|type=shape|stroke-color=#f44|id=Q8772080|title=21 West Street}}
| map_label =21 West Street
  | area = less than one acre
 | built = 1929–1931
  | architect = [[Starrett & van Vleck]]
  | architecture = [[Art Deco]]
  | added = March 12, 1999
  | refnum = 99000316<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>
| designated_other2_name = New York City Landmark
 | designated_other2_date = June 16, 1998
 | designated_other2_abbr = NYCL
 | designated_other2_link = New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
 | designated_other2_number = 1999
 | designated_other2_color = #ffe978
  }}
'''21 West Street''', also known as '''Le Rivage Apartments''', is a 33-story building located in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], on Morris Street between [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]] and [[Washington Street (Manhattan)|Washington Street]]. It was built in 1929–1931 as a [[Speculative development|speculative]] office tower development in anticipation of an increased demand for office space in Lower Manhattan. The building was converted into apartments in 1997 and was renamed Le Rivage.

The building has an [[Art Deco]] design with many lavish architectural finishes and a series of [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]] which taper toward the top floors. It was designed by [[Starrett & van Vleck]], who at the same time designed the adjacent [[Downtown Athletic Club]]. 21 West Street was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1999 and designated a city landmark by the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] in 1998.

== Site ==
21 West Street is located near the southernmost point of [[Manhattan Island]], closest to its western shore. The building faces [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]] to the west, Morris Street to the north, and [[Washington Street (Manhattan)|Washington Street]] and the [[Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel]] portal to the east. It is adjacent to the [[Downtown Athletic Club]] building at 18–20 West Street to the south,{{efn|Address numbers on the east side of West Street run consecutively because the west side of the street was formerly on the waterfront.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1984.pdf|title=West Street Building|date=1998-05-19|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|access-date=2020-03-05|page=7|archive-date=December 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226210701/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1984.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Therefore, 18–20 West Street is adjacent to 21 West Street. In the area's standard [[House numbering#North America|address numbering]] system, odd- and even-numbered addresses are on opposite sides of the street.<ref name="NYC.gov"/>}} which also occupies the entire block between West and Washington Streets.<ref name="NYC.gov">{{cite web|url=http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/|title=NYCityMap|website=[[Government of New York City|NYC.gov]]|publisher=[[New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications]]|access-date=February 13, 2020|archive-date=February 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208152639/http://maps.nyc.gov/doitt/nycitymap/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/17/archives/latest-skyscraper-for-lower-manhattan-thirtyonestory-structure-will.html|title=Latest Skyscraper For Lower Manhattan; Thirty-one-Story Structure Will Occupy Block With Whitehall Building and Athletic Club.|date=April 17, 1930|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215024929/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/17/archives/latest-skyscraper-for-lower-manhattan-thirtyonestory-structure-will.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Robins p. 13">{{harvnb|Robins|2017|p=13|ps=.}}</ref> The [[Land lot|lot]] has a frontage of {{Convert|75|ft||abbr=}} on each of West and Washington Streets, and {{Convert|179|ft||abbr=}} on Morris Street, covering a total area of {{Convert|13500|ft2||abbr=}}.<ref name=":0" />

The building stands on filled land along the shore of the [[North River (Hudson River)|North River]] (an archaic name for the southernmost portion of the [[Hudson River]]). The surrounding neighborhood, the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]], was the first part of Manhattan to be developed as part of [[New Netherland]] and later New York City; its population growth led city officials to add land on Manhattan's shore by filling and [[land reclamation]] in the 18th and 19th centuries.<ref name="NYCL p. 2">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=2}}</ref><ref name="NPS p. 8">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=8}}</ref> As the North River shoreline was deeper and had a denser concentration of buildings than the East River shoreline on the east side of Manhattan Island,<ref name="NYCL (DAC) p. 7">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2000|ps=.|p=7}}</ref> the land under 21 West Street was not filled until 1835, when debris from the [[Great Fire of New York]] was dumped there.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> As a result of the land filling, 21 West Street was constructed without a basement,<ref name="NPS p. 5">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=5}}</ref><ref name="NYT-No_Basement-1930"/> which was "a decidedly rare feature" in New York City buildings, hence the need to import steam and electricity.<ref name="NYT-No_Basement-1930">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/07/archives/west-st-building-has-no-basement-steam-and-electricity-from-outside.html|title=West St. Building Has No Basement; Steam and Electricity From Outside Sources for Thirty-one Story Structure|date=December 7, 1930|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 13, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213171515/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/07/archives/west-st-building-has-no-basement-steam-and-electricity-from-outside.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The site of 21 West Street was first occupied by small landowners who built houses in the area.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> The surrounding neighborhood became a financial and shipping hub during the late 19th century;<ref name="NPS p. 8" /> as the Financial District became more densely developed, the residential landowners moved uptown and their former lands were combined to build larger commercial buildings.<ref name="NYCL p. 2" />

==Architecture==
[[File:Elizabeth Berger Plaza 75 - 21 West Street.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Facade detail showing corner windows at right]]

21 West Street is 31 stories tall.{{efn|The [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] refers to the floor above ground level as the "second story", with the double-height ground floor considered as one story, and thus regards 21 West Street as being 31 stories tall.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> The [[National Park Service]] refers to the floor above ground level as the "third story", considering the ground floor as the equivalent of two stories, and thus regards 21 West Street as being a 32-story building.<ref name="NPS p. 3" />}} It was designed in the [[Art Deco]] style by [[Starrett & van Vleck]], who simultaneously designed the adjacent Downtown Athletic Club building in the same style.<ref name="Robins p. 13" /><ref name="NYCL p. 2" /> The two buildings were constructed for different purposes and accordingly have different appearances; namely, the facade of 21 West Street is lighter in color than that of the Downtown Athletic Club.<ref name="Robins p. 13" /> Starrett & van Vleck had already designed several New York City department stores, including the [[Lord & Taylor Building|Lord & Taylor]], [[Bloomingdale's flagship store|Bloomingdale's]], and [[Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store|Saks Fifth Avenue]] buildings.<ref name="NYCL (DAC) p. 3">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2000|ps=.|p=3}}</ref><ref name="Robins p. 14">{{harvnb|Robins|2017|p=14|ps=.}}</ref> Architectural historian Anthony W. Robins described 21 West Street as "one of the area's handsome Art Deco towers".<ref name="Robins p. 14" />

=== Form and facade ===
As mandated by the [[1916 Zoning Resolution]], the design of 21 West Street features six [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]].<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="NPS p. 10" /> The setbacks create the impression that the building tapers off as it ascends.<ref name="Robins p. 14" /><ref name="NYCL p. 5">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=5}}</ref> The setbacks are placed on the Washington Street elevation above the 10th and 16th floors; at the northwest and northeast corners above the 21st floor; and on all sides above the 26th, 29th, and 30th floors.<ref name="floor-count" group="lower-alpha">In this article, the floor above ground level is referred to as the "second floor", even though the ground level is the equivalent of two stories. All subsequent stories are referred to using this same pattern.</ref><ref name="NPS p. 3">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|1999|p=3}}</ref><ref name="NYCL pp. 5-6">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|pp=5–6}}</ref>

The [[facade]] of 21 West Street was designed with molded and oversized brick "to emphasize the structural lines and to enrich the texture of the materials".<ref name=":0" /> Red, orange, yellow, and purple brick and [[architectural terracotta|terracotta]] were used.<ref name="NPS p. 10" /><ref name="Robins pp. 14-15">{{harvnb|Robins|2017|pp=14–15|ps=.}}</ref> The [[Polychrome brickwork|polychrome]] design was influenced by [[Harvey Wiley Corbett|Harvey Wiley Corbett's]] plan for the [[Master Apartments]] on the [[Upper West Side]] of Manhattan.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /> For instance, the light-tan vertical [[Pier (architecture)|piers]] highlight the building's vertical dimension, while other brick patterns give the impression of a "skin", including the horizontal lines of the [[spandrel]]s between the floors.<ref name="NYCL p. 4">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=4}}</ref> At each setback and on the three lower levels, the [[parapet]]s have various designs of molded brick to provide [[Surface finish|surface texture]] to the building's exterior.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> The southern facade is hidden behind the Downtown Athletic Club building to the south.<ref name="NPS p. 3" /><ref name="NYCL p. 6">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=6}}</ref>

==== Arcade ====
[[File:Building at 21 West Street 2013-10-14 13-21-21.jpg|thumb|upright|Underside of one of the corners, facing the arcade<br />on Morris Street]]The building has a ground-story [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] which overhangs much of the Morris Street sidewalk, giving the impression that pedestrians have been transported inside the building.<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Robins p. 15">{{harvnb|Robins|2017|p=15|ps=.}}</ref> The arcade is ten [[Bay (architecture)|bays]] wide on Morris Street. Despite its address, 21 West Street's primary entrance is at the center of the Morris Street elevation, within the arcade. Smaller five-bay-wide arcades exist along the West and Washington Street elevations.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="NPS p. 3" /> 

The arches of the arcade are mostly laid in stepped brickwork. On the Morris Street elevation, the fifth bay from the east is a square marble-framed arch that leads to the main entrance. The spandrels above the arcade are textured in a chevron (V-shaped) design with tan and purple brick.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="NPS p. 3" />  There are numerous [[storefront]]s beneath the arcade, as well as the entrance to the building's [[Lobby (room)|lobby]].<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /> The arcade, storefronts, and main entrance contain decorative metalwork painted in silver and gold tones, which extend into the interior.<ref name="NPS p. 10" /><ref name="Robins p. 15" /> The metalwork was described by the [[National Park Service]] as "an unusual design feature".<ref name="NPS p. 10" /> The piers and interior walls of the arcade are outfitted with bronze panels and lighting installations. The ceiling of the arcade has multicolored and patterned mosaics.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="NPS p. 3" /><ref name="Robins p. 15" /> 

==== Upper stories ====
21 West Street contains a uniform [[Fenestration (architecture)|fenestration]] pattern in contrast to the Downtown Athletic Club, which has several windowless floors.<ref name="Robins p. 14" /> Above the ground floor, each floor of 21 West Street generally contains two rolled steel windows per bay, with wrap-around windows at the corners, each of these windows having four panes, two on each side.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="NPS p. 4" /> One exception to this is the second floor,<ref name="floor-count" group="lower-alpha" /> which has three windows per bay, also with wrap-around windows at the corners; the second-floor bays are separated by purple and tan brick piers.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" /><ref name="NPS p. 4">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=4}}</ref> Below the setbacks on the 21st and 26th floors, the corners facing Morris Street are replaced with a single diagonal [[chamfer]]ed bay.<ref name="NYCL p. 5" />

The corners of the building were outfitted with windows wrapping around the edge at a 90-degree angle.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Robins pp. 14-15" /> This was a contrast to previous buildings with structural columns at their corners. 21 West Street possibly the first commercial building in the U.S. to have wrap-around corner windows.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="Bruner1930">{{cite magazine |last=Bruner |first=Warren D. |date=June 1930 |title=Office Layouts for Tenants |url=https://www.usmodernist.org/AF/AF-1930-06-2.pdf |url-status=live |volume=52 |pages=905 (PDF 67) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322153703/https://usmodernist.org/AF/AF-1930-06-2.pdf |archive-date=March 22, 2022 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |journal=Architectural Forum}}</ref>{{efn|The Landmarks Preservation Commission described this as a fine distinction: the [[Master Apartments]] on the [[Upper West Side]] (built 1928–1929) was cited as the first ''residential'' skyscraper with corner windows,<ref name="NYCL p. 6"/> and the Child's Restaurant building at [[604 Fifth Avenue]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]] (built 1925) was cited as the first building of any kind with such windows.<ref name="NYCL p. 6">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/25/realestate/25scape.html|title=The History of 3 Midtown Neighbors|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=July 25, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 3, 2020|page=RE9|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=January 3, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103034852/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/25/realestate/25scape.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} Prior to the construction of 21 West Street, corner windows had only been used on residential structures.<ref name="NPS p. 10" /> After 21 West Street was built, corner windows were used on several buildings in the [[Central Park West Historic District]] and in several [[The Bronx|Bronx]] apartment buildings.<ref name="Robins p. 15" />

=== Features ===
Having constructed 21 West Street as a [[speculative development]] in anticipation of growing demand for office space in lower Manhattan,<ref name="NYCL p. 2" /><ref name="NPS p. 9">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=9}}</ref> the building's developers aimed to attract potential tenants through the unique design of the structure.<ref name="NYCL p. 3">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=3}}</ref> When built, 21 West Street included high-speed elevators and other innovations "to contribute to the comfort and convenience of its tenants".<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 1931|title=21 West Street Office Building, New York City|journal=Architecture and Building|volume=63|pages=90–91}}</ref> A lobby, {{Frac|1|1|2}} stories high, is located on the north side of the ground floor, linking to the two elevator banks.<ref name="NPS p. 4" /> The lobby has a colorful marble mosaic on its floor, depicting the [[Castello Plan|old street grid]] of Lower Manhattan in a style similar to a [[Nautical chart|mariner's map]].<ref name="NYCL p. 3" /><ref name="NPS p. 10">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=10}}</ref><ref name="Robins p. 15" /> There are bronze lighting installations near the elevator banks, decorated with waves and shell motifs.<ref name="NPS p. 10" />

Since its conversion to an apartment building, the interior of 21 West Street has included a [[Terrace (building)|terrace]] on the 34th floor, a play area for children, and a fitness room.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019">{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/le-rivage/|title=Le Rivage - TRD Research|date=March 13, 2019|website=The Real Deal|access-date=February 15, 2020|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215022338/https://therealdeal.com/new-research/topics/property/le-rivage/|url-status=live}}</ref> The rooms were created from former office spaces; for instance, the play area was previously a [[Changing room|locker room]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kaufman|first=Joanne|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/realestate/older-buildings-add-amenities-to-compete.html|title=Insert a Gym, Then a Lounge: Older Buildings Add Amenities|date=April 22, 2016|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=August 17, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817004810/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/24/realestate/older-buildings-add-amenities-to-compete.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The construction of 21 West Street occurred when the Financial District was being expanded as a commercial area. The construction of the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]]'s [[Elevated railway|elevated railroad lines]], and later the [[New York City Subway]], had spurred the relocation of the area's residential population uptown in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the [[tenement]]s that developed at the edges of the Financial District were being demolished and replaced with office buildings.<ref name="NPS p. 9" />

The building was owned by the 21 West Street Corporation, which had close ties with the maritime industry along the Hudson River.<ref name="NPS p. 9" /> It was developed by civil engineer Alfred Rheinstein.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/28/archives/alfred-rheinstein-dead-at-85-founded-construction-concern-exhead-of.html|title=Alfred Rheinstein Dead at 85; Founded Construction Concern|date=May 28, 1974|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215024724/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/28/archives/alfred-rheinstein-dead-at-85-founded-construction-concern-exhead-of.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Work began on the structure in 1929,<ref name="NPS p. 9" /> the foundations had been laid by April 1930,<ref name=":0" /> and building work was completed in 1931.<ref name="NPS p. 9" /> Real estate agents William A. White & Sons were hired to rent out the space in 21 West Street.<ref name=":0" /> After the building's completion, the owners identified tenants in the maritime and shipping industries, including lawyers, transport companies, and import/export companies associated with the sector. In addition, naval architecture firm [[Gibbs & Cox]] was headquartered at the building for over 30 years.<ref name="NPS p. 9" /> Other early tenants included the Peruvian [[Consul (representative)|consulate]] in New York City,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/03/26/archives/peruvian-offices-to-move-uptown-consulate-for-11-years-in-21-west.html|title=Peruvian Offices To Move Uptown; Consulate, for 11 Years in 21 West St., Leases Quarters in 10 Rockefeller Plaza|date=March 26, 1940|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215024722/https://www.nytimes.com/1940/03/26/archives/peruvian-offices-to-move-uptown-consulate-for-11-years-in-21-west.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the Moran Towing and Transportation Company,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1943/12/30/archives/shipping-offices-taken-downtown-rector-and-west-street-office.html|title=Shipping Offices Taken Downtown; Rector and West Street Office Quarters Are Leased by New Tenants|date=December 30, 1943|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215023227/https://www.nytimes.com/1943/12/30/archives/shipping-offices-taken-downtown-rector-and-west-street-office.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the Shepard Steamship Company,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/02/10/archives/shepard-offices-moved-steamship-company-gets-new-quarters-at-21.html|title=Shepard Offices Moved; Steamship Company Gets New Quarters at 21 West Street|date=February 10, 1947|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013625/https://www.nytimes.com/1947/02/10/archives/shepard-offices-moved-steamship-company-gets-new-quarters-at-21.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and the Hedger Transportation Corporation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/22/archives/financial-firms-moving-three-lease-in-21-west-street-and-goldman.html|title=Financial Firms Moving; Three Lease in 21 West Street and Goldman Sachs Building|date=October 22, 1930|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 17, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013622/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/22/archives/financial-firms-moving-three-lease-in-21-west-street-and-goldman.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Around 1950, the main entrance was modified and a [[heating, ventilation, and air conditioning]] system was installed.<ref name="NPS p. 11">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=11}}</ref>

In 1997, the residential development and management firm, Rose Associates, announced plans to convert 21 West Street into a 293-unit apartment building called Le Rivage. It was to be the firm's first project in 10 years and its first Manhattan project below [[8th Street and St. Mark's Place|8th Street]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Garbarine|first=Rachelle|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/11/nyregion/rose-associates-enters-the-conversion-market.html|title=Rose Associates Enters The Conversion Market|date=July 11, 1997|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215001358/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/07/11/nyregion/rose-associates-enters-the-conversion-market.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The building was designated a city landmark by the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] in 1998,<ref name="NYCL p. 1">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998|ps=.|p=1}}</ref> and was listed on the National Park Service's [[National Register of Historic Places]] the following year,<ref name="NPS p. 1">{{harvnb|National Park Service|1999|ps=.|p=1}}</ref> at which time it was recorded in the register that 21 West Street had been "abandoned for over a decade".<ref name="NPS p. 10" /> When the building was damaged in [[Hurricane Sandy]] in 2012, residents' rents were temporarily lowered.<ref name="The Real Deal 2019" /> The residential units in 21 West Street were partially renovated in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hughes|first=C. J.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/realestate/the-financial-district-gains-momentum.html|title=The Financial District Gains Momentum|date=August 8, 2014|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 15, 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215023229/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/10/realestate/the-financial-district-gains-momentum.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal box|New York City|Architecture}}
* [[Art Deco architecture of New York City]]
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street]]
* [[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street]]
{{-}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{cite report|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1999.pdf|title=21 West Street Building|date=June 16, 1998|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1998}}}}
* {{cite report|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2075.pdf|title=Downtown Athletic Club Building|date=November 14, 2000|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2000}}}}
* {{cite report|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/99000316.pdf|title=Historic Structures Report: Building at 21 West Street|date=February 11, 1999|publisher=[[National Register of Historic Places]], [[National Park Service]]|ref={{harvid|National Park Service|1999}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Robins |first=Anthony W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnC6DgAAQBAJ |title=New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham's Jazz Age Architecture |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4384-6396-4 |series=Excelsior Editions |oclc=953576510}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category-inline}}
* {{official|http://www.21west.com}}
* [http://www.rosenyc.com/rentals/21-west-street/ Rose Associates, Inc. - Building Management Company Site]

{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}
{{New York City Historic Sites}}
{{Financial District, Manhattan|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan]]
[[Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in Manhattan]]
[[Category:Art Deco skyscrapers]]
[[Category:Office buildings completed in 1931]]
[[Category:Financial District, Manhattan]]
[[Category:West Side Highway]]